Post on 03-Dec-2014
Section 1Section 1
Introduction to several Introduction to several parts of a computerparts of a computer
Cabinet
SMPS
CPU Heat Sink & Fan
Random Access Memory
SD (Synchronous Dynamic) RAM
Mother B
oard
BIOS/ROM
Basic Input Output System
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
DVD Drive
CD Writer
AGP Card
LAN Card
Cabinet
Power Switch
Reset SwitchHDD LED
Power LED
SMPS Case
Mother Board Ports
case
ADD ON Cards Cases
System Fan Case
Speaker
Hard disk and floppy disk cabin
CD drive/DVD Drive cabin
SYSTEM CABINET : A system case is a metal and plastic case that houses the main components of the computer. it protects the computer hardware from heat ,light ,temperature .
The system case provides a rigid structural framework to the components which ensures that every thing fits together and works in a well organized manner
it also protects inside of the system from physical damage and electrical interference
It also provides cooling to the vital components it also provides information inside the box the user by using lights or LED’S
SMPS:The power supply / SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is a transformer and a voltage control device in a computer . It transfers power to all the electronic components by converting the AC (Alternating current /high power current) to DC (Direct current / Low power) supply.
The power supply also contains the main fan that controls the flow of air through the system case. This fan is major component in pc cooling system.
SMPS
230 V AC Input
230 V AC Output
SMPS Fan
Switching Mode Power Supply
ATX Power Connector
Purple(P) +5V Stand By
Blue(Blu) -12V
Green(G) Power Supply On
White(W) -5V
Red(R) +5V
Yellow(Y) +12V
Orange(O) 3.3V
Grey(Gr) Power Good
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
O O B R B R B Gr P Y
O Blu B G B B B W R R
Peripheral Power Connector
12V 5V
GND
Floppy Power Connector
12V 5VGND
ATX 12V Connector
12V
ATX Auxiliary Connector
5VGND
3.3V
(P6)
PROCESSOR: processor often called CPU ,is the central component of the computer it is also called as the brain of the computer . Every work that is done by the user on the computer is done either directly or indirectly by the processor. Processor executes the instructions given by the user.
speed of the processor is measured in Hertz. Speed of the processor is calculated by calculating the no of instructions it can execute in one second 1Hz=1cycle/second [ cycle means executing an instruction] 1MHz=1million cycles/second1 GHz=1Billion cycles/second1.6Ghz=1.6 Billion cycles/ second [ it is capable of executing 1.6 Billion instructions in one second]
INTEL (Integrated Electronics) and AMD (Advanced Micro Device) are the companies manufacturing processors .Intel releasing processors with the name of p series (p-1,p-2,p-3,p-4) AMD releasing processors with the name Athlon ( Athlon,AthlonXP)
Pin 1 Indication
Clock Speed L2 Cache
FSB Speed
P – IV CPU Top View
Core Voltage
Pin 1 Indication
L2 Cache
CPU Heat Sink & Fan
Locking Levers
12VGND
Fan
MAIN MEMORY: Main Memory is the place where the computer holds the programs and data that are currently in use .It is also called as RAM(Random Access Memory)Ram is volatile memory that means temporary memory it requires power supply any thins that is stored in the ram is erased when the power is off
For Main Memory two types of memory chips are used SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module):only pins on onside, less speed DIMM(Dual inline Memory Module) :pins on both side, high speed
RAM ‘s are of four types
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic) : it contains two notches (DIMM Type) and it is of 64 bit and contains 168 pins and speed is 66MHz/100MHz/133MHz
DDR (Dual Data Rate): it contains only one notch (DIMM Type) . It is of 64 bit and contains 184 pins and speed is 166MHz/200MHz/233MHz/333MHz/400MHz
DDR2:looks same like DDR , in DDR2 notch is exactly at middle (DIMM Type). It is of 64 bit and contains 240 pins and speed is 66MHz/400MHz/677MHz/800MHz
Random Access Memory
SD (Synchronous Dynamic) RAM
72 pin SIMM type Ram
DDR RAM
Diff b/w DDR, DDR2, DDR3
Mother Board: Mother Board also known as system board , is a large multi layered printed circuit board inside a computer . The Mother Board contains the CPU ,the BIOS/ROM chip ,and the CMOS setup information .it has expansion slots for installing different adapter cards like video card, sound card, NIC card ,modem ,this circuit board provides a connector for connecting All the peripheral components like mouse , keyboard ,printer , vdu …it also contains slots for placing processors.
Mother B
oard
Socket 478
Mother B
oard
North Bridge
Mother B
oard
South Bridge
Mother B
oardCMOS Battery
Mother B
oardPrimary & Secondary
Mother B
oard
Ports
Mother B
oard
RAM Slots
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
Mother B
oard
AGP Slot
Mother B
oard
PCI Slots
Mother B
oard
CNR Slot
Mother B
oardBIOS
Mother B
oard
ATX Power Connector
Mother B
oard
Floppy Drive Connector
Socket 478
No
rth
Brid
ge
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
South Bridge
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
BIOS
ATX Power Connector
Floppy Drive Connector
Primary Secondary
CMOS Battery
Ports
Socket 478
Locking Lever
CPU Heat sink and
Fan Retention Module
Socket 478 Close Up
Pin 1 Indication
Socket Name
Locking Lever
North Bridge
Mother B
oard
North Bridge
Socket 478
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
AGP Slot
Controls the high speed devices
South Bridge
Socket 478
No
rth
Brid
ge
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
South Bridge
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
BIOS
ATX Power Connector
Floppy Drive Connector
Primary Secondary
CMOS Battery
Ports
BIOS/ROM
Basic Input Output System
ROM: It is a non volatile memory means permanent storage device it is used to store BIOS
BIOS (Basic Input Output System): BIOS is an interface between hardware and the software .FIRMWARE is the technical term for BIOS.It is present inside the ROM .It consists of several routines and startup instructions . It runs as soon as the machine is switched on and it checks the computer what hardware is connected and conducts simple test called post (power on self test) if all the tests are passed then it determines the device(harddisk / cd) to boot the machine. In most of the pc’s booting device is set to primary harddisk
CMOS Battery
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) : motherboard includes a separate block of memory which needs very less power called CMOS . This chip is always on by using a battery even when the power is off.
The function of the CMOS chip is to store basic information about the pc ex:configuration number, type of hard and floppy drives, memory capacity
The other important data which is kept in CMOS memory is system time and dateThe clock ,CMOS chip, batteries all combined in to a single chip
Secondary
Primary
CMOS Jumper
System Fan Connector
Socket 478
No
rth
Brid
ge
DR
RA
M S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
South Bridge
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
BIOS
Ports
Ports (Back View)
Ports (Front View)
Mouse Port
Keyboard Port
Ethernet Port
USB Ports
Parallel Port
Serial Port VGA Port
Game Port
Sound Ports
PS/2 ports: it is a standard serial port connector used to plug computer mouse and keyboard. It consists of 6 pins in small and round shape socket.
Serial ports : it is general purpose communication port through which data is sent serially , that is one bit at a time. these ports are used for transmitting data over longer distances. Because of its slow speed these computers are used for computer mouse and modem
Parallel port: it is an interface on a computer, which supports transmission of multiple bits of data at the same time .it is faster and is exclusively used for connecting printers.
USB port:(Universal Serial Bus) is a plug and play hardware interface for connecting peripherals such as mouse,joystick,pendrives. It has the capability to connect up to 127 devices. these are replacement of parallel and serial ports
VGA port: used for connecting monitorGame ports: these are used for connecting joysticksSound port:used for connecting speakers/headsetEthernet port: used for connecting our system to a network /other computer
No
rth
Brid
ge
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
DDR RAM & SD RAM Slots
133 MHz
266 MHz
No
rth
Brid
ge
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
BIOS
Ports
AGP Slot
66MHz
Accelerated Graphics Port
PCI Slots
33MHz
Peripheral Component Interconnect
CNR Slot
Communications and Networking Raiser
CNR, PCI, AGP Slots
CNR Slot
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
Socket 478
No
rth
Brid
ge
DD
R R
AM
S
lots
SD
RA
M
Slots
South Bridge
PCI Slots
AGP Slot
BIOS
ATX Power Connector
Floppy Drive Connector
Primary Secondary
CMOS Battery
Ports
ATX Power Connector
Floppy Drive Connector
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
IDE ConnectorPower
Connector
Jumper Pins
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
HD
D T
op View
Hard disk Inner view
Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
Eject ButtonAccess LED
FDD Back View
Data Cable ConnectorPower Connector
CD Writer
Vendor Name
Volume Control
Access LED
Head Phones Jack
Pin Hole
Open / Close ButtonAccess LED
Write Speed Read Speed
Re Write Speed
CDD Connectors Specifications
ESPANSION CARDS:
Sound cards: an expansion card that allows the computer to output sound through connected speakers , to record sound from a microphone input sound card is used
Video cards: video cards are used for editing digital videos' these are used for designing graphics
Network Interface card: NIC card is a computer circuit board that is fixed in a computer so that it can be connected to other systems of the network
Modem(Modulation and Demodulation): it is used for connecting our computer to internet using ordinary phone lines.
CD Writer Rear View
IDE Connector
Power ConnectorCD Audio Connectors
Jumper Pins
AGP Card
AGP Card top view
LAN Card
RJ 45 Jack
CablesFloppy Drive Cable IDE Cables
40 Conductor
Cable
80 Conductor
Cable
Low Speed High Speed
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