Post on 18-Dec-2014
description
Integrating water and energy efficiency – building regulations and beyondAaron Burton8 March 2012Wales Low Zero Carbon Hub
Outline
Why Water and energy Efficiency?Integrating policy and programmesProgress to date and behaviour change programmesFuture opportunities
Why water and energy efficiency?
Water availability
Water available
No water available
Over licensed
Over abstracted
Ground water/ not assessedWelsh boundary
Future pressures on water resources
10 to 15 per cent increase 5 to 10 per cent increase 5 per cent increase to 5 per cent decrease5 to 10 per cent decrease 10 to 20 per cent decrease 20 to 30 per cent decrease 30 to 50 per cent decrease 50 to 80 per cent decrease
January February March April May June July Aug September October November December
Percentage change in mean monthly flow between now and the 2050s using the
medium-high UKCIP02 scenario
Water Resources Strategy for Wales
Map of water resource zones
Deficit zones:
SEWCUS: -12 to -104 Ml/d
Pembrokeshire: -13 to -19 Ml/d
Brecon: -1 Ml/d
NEYM: +2.9 to -5 Ml/d
(context – Cardiff daily householduse is around 50 Ml/d)
DCWW Revised Draft Water Resource Management Plan 2011
Water and carbon connection
5% UK annual carbon Emissions(~3% in Wales)
1% UK annual carbonemissions
Current water use in Wales
- Water supply- Spray irrigation- Agriculture- Industrial- Other- Transfer without intervening useLeakageHouseholdIndustry67.7%
25.1%
50.4%
24.4%
*breakdown based on DCWW 2006/07
17.8%
8%
3% Wales’CO2 emissionsCO2 ?
Direct Abstraction (2008) Public Water Supply
Water and fuel poverty links
30% of households spend more than 3% of their income on water and sewerage bills; and 14% of households spend more than 5%. Compared to 23% and 11% in England.Across England and Wales 63% of those in fuel poverty are also in water poverty and 34% of those in water poverty are also in fuel poverty. Fuel poverty by WRZ
*Hot water heating~40% of energy bills
Integrating policy and programmes
Why is water different?Only a small proportion of the current 1.3 million homes in Wales have a full set of energy efficiency measures such as double glazing and cavity wall insulation. Approximately 73% of existing homes are privately owned and some of the stock is ‘hard to treat’ (e.g. solid walls and off the gas network). Only 0.6% of the housing stock in Wales is replaced with new-build every year, making a focus on the existing stock essential. “There is scope to improve the environmental sustainability of the 17% of all housing stock that is social housing.It is more efficient to address water efficiency now than in the future
*Sustainable homes – A national housing strategy for Wales (WG, 2009)
What people want?
6% 5%11%
3% 6% 7% 6% 7% 11%4% 7% 6% 3% 5%
3%2%
4%3% 2% 3% 3%
3%
4% 2% 3%2%
4%3%
1%
3%
1%3% 3% 2% 4%
4%
3% 5% 2%2%
3%
25%29%
17%
17%
25% 29%25%
30% 23%29% 26%
20% 26%23%
33% 37%33%
37%
33%34%
26%
32%30% 35% 30%
41% 38% 32%
30% 28%34% 39%
30% 25%38%
24% 29% 26% 30% 28% 29% 33%
TotalSco
tland
Wales
Northern
Irelan
d
Englan
d NE
NWYor
ks &
Humber
West M
ids
Easter
n
London SE SW
East M
ids
Strongly agree
Slightly
Neither nor
Slightly
Strongly disagree
Don't know
“I’d prefer to have water and energy efficient devices installed at the same time rather than separately” (67% of respondents slightly or strongly agree in Wales);
EA (2011) The potential for combining household water and energy retrofitting http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/dispay.php?name=GEHO0511BTSR-E-E
Policy
Regulation
Financial Incentives
Retrofit programmes and labelling schemes
Home information and auditing schemes
UK Energy Security andGreen Economy Bill
WG Fuel Poverty Strategy
Climate Change Strategy
Market TransformationProgramme
WG Climate ChangeAction Plan
Flood and WaterManagement Act
WG Strategic Policy PositionStatement on Water
Building Regulations(2013 Devolved)
Home Energy EfficiencyScheme Regulations 2011
EU Water FrameworkDirective
Water ResourcesManagement Plans
Water Industry Act 1991 Water Act 2003
Ofwat Periodic Review Water Supply(Water fittings)
Regulations
Energy PerformanceCertificates
CESP
CERTEco-design of
Energy Using Products Directive
Energy labellingDirective
Feed in Tariff
Landlords’ EnergySaving Allowance
Home Energy EfficiencyStrategy (Wales)
Nest (new HEES)
Green Deal 2012/13
Renewable HeatIncentive
arbed
CESP
Welsh HousingQuality Standard
Water efficiency rebates
Water Efficient ProductLabelling Scheme
Waterwise Marque
Energy Saving Trust
WG Pathfinder Programme
Water Energy Model
Modelling costs and benefitsNest
OR arbed phase 2
Assumed number of homes targeted 5,000
Potential water and energy bill savings per household (home with water meter)
£80-£120 / yr
Potential energy bill saving per household (home with no water meter)
£25-43 / yr
Approximate investment required per household (advice and water retrofit)
£95
Total potential bill savings £220,000/yr
Total potential household CO2 reduction 580 tCO2 /yr
Water supply benefits 96 mega litres water/yr (52.6 litres/property/day)
Potential water company emissions saving 100 tCO2 e/yr
Estimated programme cost £475,000
Payback period 2.2 years
Nest (& arbed 2) programmesThe Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (Wales) Regulations 2011*
Purposes for which a grant may be approved6.—(1) An application for a grant may be approved if it relates to one or more of the following purposes—
• …(N) THE PROVISION OF WATER-SAVING MEASURES;15,000 households per year contact, 3-5,000 improved http://nestwales.org.uk/Need for improved links between water and energy companiesTraining/ tools for energy providers to consider water (beyond SAP)
*http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2011/656/regulation/6/made
Welsh Housing Quality Standard
17% of households in WalesSAP rating for energy (space and water heating)32% of households between now and 2014/15 OR ~70,000 homes!EAW & EST Guidance to support WHQS (based on pilot study & survey)
WC partnershipsRefurbishmentVoids and maintenance
LayoutWhy save water?What can social housing providers do?
Standards and procurementKey trigger pointsStock dataConsumer AcceptanceAdvice and behaviour changeCostFundingWhat Next
£3.5m/yr for all properties…22,000 tCO2e/yr
UK level – Green Deal & CERT
Cost-benefit Green DealWaterwise retrofit scenarios (showers, taps/ & toilet)
• 300kw Energy Saving• 7.4-15m3 water• £26/yr energy saving• £25-51/yr water saving• 3yr payback energy• 1yr payback water
CERT/ECOLarge scale energy company schemesProportion fuel poverty related
Non-domestic water efficiency
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Commercial Offices
Communication and Transport
Education
Government
Health
Hotel and Catering
Other
Retail
Sport and Leisure
Warehouses
Catering Computing Cooling & Ventilation Hot Water Heating Lighting Other
Behaviour change programmes
Sustainable living - baselineWater efficiency practices within the home are being undertaken but there is improvement to be made in this area, especially in the bathroom Currently saving water by reducing their washing loads (78%), washing up in a bowl (78%), fixing leaking taps (77%) and taking a shower instead of a bath (74%), however16% say they don’t want to take a shorter shower. (energy bills?)14% haven’t thought about turning off the tap when brushing their teeth or just generally taking shorter showers. 35% have never thought about installing a water saving devices such as a hippo in their cistern; only 13% of homes already have one installed.
Welsh Government (2011) Sustainability Survey, http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/111205climatesustainabilityen.pdf (accessed 09/12/11)
Behaviour change approaches
*EST/ Waterwise RENEW Programme - In-home includes the Housing Association Pilot Study in Wales
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
All In-home Mail, events,telephone (1)
Mail, events,telephone (2)
Mail, events,telephone (3)
Advice method
Carb
on S
avin
g kg
CO
2/yr
0
5
10
15
20
25
Wat
er s
avin
g (m
3/yr
)
Average saving per customer (CO2 heating + embodied) Kg CO2/yr Average water saving (m3/yr)
Housing Association water and energy pilot
Approach
Behaviour only125 tenants
Retrofit andBehaviour 15
(~27% uptake)
Letter (<1%)
AppointmentBy phone
(11% - 7% uptake)
Doorknocking(7% uptake)
Household engagement:
• Aqualogic flash presentation – importance of water and water-energy links
• EST Water Energy Calculator
•House tour to discuss key water use areas/ behaviours
Contact Uptake In-home
Quantifiedoutputs
13 2nd visit
Qualitativesurveys
Baseline metering data Water andEnergyMeter/Bill data
*Initial outputs only – formal evaluation still in progress
Evaluation
Retrofit 55 homes
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/watercalculator/flashcalculator
Initial Results (surveys and WEM)
Average cost of heating hot water in the homes estimated to be £138 per year (Wales ~£214/yr).Estimated water saving 1700 m3/year or 31 litres/prop/day. Total energy and water bill savings of nearly £7000/year and total greenhouse gas reductions of 12,200 kgCO2e/year
Individualised marketing approaches
60-80% Uptake rateElement of choice
>100,000 hh across Wales
4 years
Living Wise CardiffProject Water Energy Transport Waste CarbonLivingSmart
Ipswich, England
(1,000 households)
N/A – Defra Greener Living Fund didn’t extend to water
Average 18% change in key energy behaviours (washing machine, lights, kettle)
-10% single passenger
16.6% increase in recycling
10% increase in food waste recycling
LivingSmart Perth, Western Australia
(15,000 households)
8% saving reported [supported by meter reading data]
9% saving reported
[4% reduction on metered sample , but kWh savings higher than reported]
5% saving reported (3km/day/hh)
2% saving reported
1.2t CO2 per househ old
[10 year abateme nt cost of $25/t]
Living Wise Cardiff Project (1,000hh)
60-80% uptake rate as standard – implications for green dealBehaviour change lasts for at least 5 years (travel)*
*Newman (2010) Sustainable Cities of the Future: The Behavior Change Driver, Sustainable Development Law & Policy: Vol. 11: Iss. 1, Article 6
Targeting based on water and energy
Evaluation methods: LivingSmart Programmes
(Ashton-Graham, 2011) http://www.newwaterways.org.au/files/files/97_LivingSmart_New_WaterWays_2011.pdf
Future Opportunities
WHQS GuidanceArbed Phase 2 and NestDevolved building regulationsIntegrated behaviour change programmes for sustainable cities in Wales - rolloutWater Sensitive Urban Design – retrofit and water sensitive communities (behaviours)
Water Sensitive Urban DesignAustralia US
Europe UK
(Morgan, 2011; AECOM)
Flooding – Surface water
Majority of surface water problem
locations are in SE Wales
The Typical Players in Design of the Urban Environment
Green Roofs
Please
Bit of Habitat
would be nice
Ecologist
Water FeatureYEAH!!!
Oooo
Trees and
Gardens
Landscape Architect
FLOODING, I repeat,
FLOODINGWater Engineer
Increase the
density please
Oh, and yes meet
open space needs
PlannerActually, the more
multi‐functional
the better
And make sure I
only do what’s
required
Developer
Just keep it cheap
Architect / Urban Designer
Where is the
Icon? The Brand?
Does it look cool?
CLIMATE CHANGE
Can we have high
levels of Code for
Sustainable
Homes?
Sustainable Buildings
(Morgan, 2011; AECOM)
Retrofit2050
www.retrofit2050.org.uk
WSUD Measures Bioretention Systems
Slotted kerb opening and grate (Docklands, Melbourne)Kerb opening through lintel (Ku-ring-gai Council)
Road Footpath
Slot in kerb
Stormwater drainage (eg 375 mm pipe)
0.5 – 1.5 m
0.5 - 1m Filter media
0.1 m Transition layer (sand)
0.15 m Drainage layer, with perforated pipes (gravel)
Impervious liner
0.1 - 0.3 m Temporary ponding
Overf low pit
Rain gardens
Wetlands at differing scales
Thanks – Questions?
aaron.burton@environment-agency.wales.gov.uk
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Household andnon household
cisterndisplacement
devices
Retrofit WCdevices
Outdoors Householdaudits
Non-householdaudits
Additionalactivity
TOTAL
Water Efficiency Measure
Rep
orte
d sa
ving
s (M
l/d)
DCWWDVWSTW