Integrating water and energy efficiency – building regulations and beyondAaron Burton8 March 2012Wales Low Zero Carbon Hub

Outline

Why Water and energy Efficiency?Integrating policy and programmesProgress to date and behaviour change programmesFuture opportunities

Why water and energy efficiency?

Water availability

Water available

No water available

Over licensed

Over abstracted

Ground water/ not assessedWelsh boundary

Future pressures on water resources

10 to 15 per cent increase 5 to 10 per cent increase 5 per cent increase to 5 per cent decrease5 to 10 per cent decrease 10 to 20 per cent decrease 20 to 30 per cent decrease 30 to 50 per cent decrease 50 to 80 per cent decrease

January February March April May June July Aug September October November December

Percentage change in mean monthly flow between now and the 2050s using the

medium-high UKCIP02 scenario

Water Resources Strategy for Wales

Map of water resource zones

Deficit zones:

SEWCUS: -12 to -104 Ml/d

Pembrokeshire: -13 to -19 Ml/d

Brecon: -1 Ml/d

NEYM: +2.9 to -5 Ml/d

(context – Cardiff daily householduse is around 50 Ml/d)

DCWW Revised Draft Water Resource Management Plan 2011

Water and carbon connection

5% UK annual carbon Emissions(~3% in Wales)

1% UK annual carbonemissions

Current water use in Wales

- Water supply- Spray irrigation- Agriculture- Industrial- Other- Transfer without intervening useLeakageHouseholdIndustry67.7%

25.1%

50.4%

24.4%

*breakdown based on DCWW 2006/07

17.8%

8%

3% Wales’CO2 emissionsCO2 ?

Direct Abstraction (2008) Public Water Supply

Water and fuel poverty links

30% of households spend more than 3% of their income on water and sewerage bills; and 14% of households spend more than 5%. Compared to 23% and 11% in England.Across England and Wales 63% of those in fuel poverty are also in water poverty and 34% of those in water poverty are also in fuel poverty. Fuel poverty by WRZ

*Hot water heating~40% of energy bills

Integrating policy and programmes

Why is water different?Only a small proportion of the current 1.3 million homes in Wales have a full set of energy efficiency measures such as double glazing and cavity wall insulation. Approximately 73% of existing homes are privately owned and some of the stock is ‘hard to treat’ (e.g. solid walls and off the gas network). Only 0.6% of the housing stock in Wales is replaced with new-build every year, making a focus on the existing stock essential. “There is scope to improve the environmental sustainability of the 17% of all housing stock that is social housing.It is more efficient to address water efficiency now than in the future

*Sustainable homes – A national housing strategy for Wales (WG, 2009)

What people want?

6% 5%11%

3% 6% 7% 6% 7% 11%4% 7% 6% 3% 5%

3%2%

4%3% 2% 3% 3%

3%

4% 2% 3%2%

4%3%

1%

3%

1%3% 3% 2% 4%

4%

3% 5% 2%2%

3%

25%29%

17%

17%

25% 29%25%

30% 23%29% 26%

20% 26%23%

33% 37%33%

37%

33%34%

26%

32%30% 35% 30%

41% 38% 32%

30% 28%34% 39%

30% 25%38%

24% 29% 26% 30% 28% 29% 33%

TotalSco

tland

Wales

Northern

Irelan

d

Englan

d NE

NWYor

ks &

Humber

West M

ids

Easter

n

London SE SW

East M

ids

Strongly agree

Slightly

Neither nor

Slightly

Strongly disagree

Don't know

“I’d prefer to have water and energy efficient devices installed at the same time rather than separately” (67% of respondents slightly or strongly agree in Wales);

EA (2011) The potential for combining household water and energy retrofitting http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/dispay.php?name=GEHO0511BTSR-E-E

Policy

Regulation

Financial Incentives

Retrofit programmes and labelling schemes

Home information and auditing schemes

UK Energy Security andGreen Economy Bill

WG Fuel Poverty Strategy

Climate Change Strategy

Market TransformationProgramme

WG Climate ChangeAction Plan

Flood and WaterManagement Act

WG Strategic Policy PositionStatement on Water

Building Regulations(2013 Devolved)

Home Energy EfficiencyScheme Regulations 2011

EU Water FrameworkDirective

Water ResourcesManagement Plans

Water Industry Act 1991 Water Act 2003

Ofwat Periodic Review Water Supply(Water fittings)

Regulations

Energy PerformanceCertificates

CESP

CERTEco-design of

Energy Using Products Directive

Energy labellingDirective

Feed in Tariff

Landlords’ EnergySaving Allowance

Home Energy EfficiencyStrategy (Wales)

Nest (new HEES)

Green Deal 2012/13

Renewable HeatIncentive

arbed

CESP

Welsh HousingQuality Standard

Water efficiency rebates

Water Efficient ProductLabelling Scheme

Waterwise Marque

Energy Saving Trust

WG Pathfinder Programme

Water Energy Model

Modelling costs and benefitsNest

OR arbed phase 2

Assumed number of homes targeted 5,000

Potential water and energy bill savings per household (home with water meter)

£80-£120 / yr

Potential energy bill saving per household (home with no water meter)

£25-43 / yr

Approximate investment required per household (advice and water retrofit)

£95

Total potential bill savings £220,000/yr

Total potential household CO2 reduction 580 tCO2 /yr

Water supply benefits 96 mega litres water/yr (52.6 litres/property/day)

Potential water company emissions saving 100 tCO2 e/yr

Estimated programme cost £475,000

Payback period 2.2 years

Nest (& arbed 2) programmesThe Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (Wales) Regulations 2011*

Purposes for which a grant may be approved6.—(1) An application for a grant may be approved if it relates to one or more of the following purposes—

• …(N) THE PROVISION OF WATER-SAVING MEASURES;15,000 households per year contact, 3-5,000 improved http://nestwales.org.uk/Need for improved links between water and energy companiesTraining/ tools for energy providers to consider water (beyond SAP)

*http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2011/656/regulation/6/made

Welsh Housing Quality Standard

17% of households in WalesSAP rating for energy (space and water heating)32% of households between now and 2014/15 OR ~70,000 homes!EAW & EST Guidance to support WHQS (based on pilot study & survey)

WC partnershipsRefurbishmentVoids and maintenance

LayoutWhy save water?What can social housing providers do?

Standards and procurementKey trigger pointsStock dataConsumer AcceptanceAdvice and behaviour changeCostFundingWhat Next

£3.5m/yr for all properties…22,000 tCO2e/yr

UK level – Green Deal & CERT

Cost-benefit Green DealWaterwise retrofit scenarios (showers, taps/ & toilet)

• 300kw Energy Saving• 7.4-15m3 water• £26/yr energy saving• £25-51/yr water saving• 3yr payback energy• 1yr payback water

CERT/ECOLarge scale energy company schemesProportion fuel poverty related

Non-domestic water efficiency

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500

Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

Commercial Offices

Communication and Transport

Education

Government

Health

Hotel and Catering

Other

Retail

Sport and Leisure

Warehouses

Catering Computing Cooling & Ventilation Hot Water Heating Lighting Other

Behaviour change programmes

Sustainable living - baselineWater efficiency practices within the home are being undertaken but there is improvement to be made in this area, especially in the bathroom Currently saving water by reducing their washing loads (78%), washing up in a bowl (78%), fixing leaking taps (77%) and taking a shower instead of a bath (74%), however16% say they don’t want to take a shorter shower. (energy bills?)14% haven’t thought about turning off the tap when brushing their teeth or just generally taking shorter showers. 35% have never thought about installing a water saving devices such as a hippo in their cistern; only 13% of homes already have one installed.

Welsh Government (2011) Sustainability Survey, http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/111205climatesustainabilityen.pdf (accessed 09/12/11)

Behaviour change approaches

*EST/ Waterwise RENEW Programme - In-home includes the Housing Association Pilot Study in Wales

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

All In-home Mail, events,telephone (1)

Mail, events,telephone (2)

Mail, events,telephone (3)

Advice method

Carb

on S

avin

g kg

CO

2/yr

0

5

10

15

20

25

Wat

er s

avin

g (m

3/yr

)

Average saving per customer (CO2 heating + embodied) Kg CO2/yr Average water saving (m3/yr)

Housing Association water and energy pilot

Approach

Behaviour only125 tenants

Retrofit andBehaviour 15

(~27% uptake)

Letter (<1%)

AppointmentBy phone

(11% - 7% uptake)

Doorknocking(7% uptake)

Household engagement:

• Aqualogic flash presentation – importance of water and water-energy links

• EST Water Energy Calculator

•House tour to discuss key water use areas/ behaviours

Contact Uptake In-home

Quantifiedoutputs

13 2nd visit

Qualitativesurveys

Baseline metering data Water andEnergyMeter/Bill data

*Initial outputs only – formal evaluation still in progress

Evaluation

Retrofit 55 homes

http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/watercalculator/flashcalculator

Initial Results (surveys and WEM)

Average cost of heating hot water in the homes estimated to be £138 per year (Wales ~£214/yr).Estimated water saving 1700 m3/year or 31 litres/prop/day. Total energy and water bill savings of nearly £7000/year and total greenhouse gas reductions of 12,200 kgCO2e/year

Individualised marketing approaches

60-80% Uptake rateElement of choice

>100,000 hh across Wales

4 years

Living Wise CardiffProject Water Energy Transport Waste CarbonLivingSmart

Ipswich, England

(1,000 households)

N/A – Defra Greener Living Fund didn’t extend to water

Average 18% change in key energy behaviours (washing machine, lights, kettle)

-10% single passenger

16.6% increase in recycling

10% increase in food waste recycling

LivingSmart Perth, Western Australia

(15,000 households)

8% saving reported [supported by meter reading data]

9% saving reported

[4% reduction on metered sample , but kWh savings higher than reported]

5% saving reported (3km/day/hh)

2% saving reported

1.2t CO2 per househ old

[10 year abateme nt cost of $25/t]

Living Wise Cardiff Project (1,000hh)

60-80% uptake rate as standard – implications for green dealBehaviour change lasts for at least 5 years (travel)*

*Newman (2010) Sustainable Cities of the Future: The Behavior Change Driver, Sustainable Development Law & Policy: Vol. 11: Iss. 1, Article 6

Targeting based on water and energy

Evaluation methods: LivingSmart Programmes

(Ashton-Graham, 2011) http://www.newwaterways.org.au/files/files/97_LivingSmart_New_WaterWays_2011.pdf

Future Opportunities

WHQS GuidanceArbed Phase 2 and NestDevolved building regulationsIntegrated behaviour change programmes for sustainable cities in Wales - rolloutWater Sensitive Urban Design – retrofit and water sensitive communities (behaviours)

Water Sensitive Urban DesignAustralia US

Europe UK

(Morgan, 2011; AECOM)

Flooding – Surface water

Majority of surface water problem

locations are in SE Wales

The Typical Players in Design of the Urban Environment

Green Roofs 

Please

Bit of Habitat 

would be nice

Ecologist

Water FeatureYEAH!!!

Oooo

Trees and 

Gardens

Landscape Architect

FLOODING, I repeat, 

FLOODINGWater Engineer

Increase the 

density please

Oh, and yes meet 

open space needs

PlannerActually, the more 

multi‐functional 

the better

And make sure I 

only do what’s 

required

Developer

Just keep it cheap

Architect / Urban Designer

Where is the 

Icon? The Brand?

Does it look cool?

CLIMATE CHANGE

Can we have high 

levels of Code for 

Sustainable 

Homes?

Sustainable Buildings

(Morgan, 2011; AECOM)

Retrofit2050

www.retrofit2050.org.uk

WSUD Measures Bioretention Systems

Slotted kerb opening and grate (Docklands, Melbourne)Kerb opening through lintel (Ku-ring-gai Council)

Road Footpath

Slot in kerb

Stormwater drainage (eg 375 mm pipe)

0.5 – 1.5 m

0.5 - 1m Filter media

0.1 m Transition layer (sand)

0.15 m Drainage layer, with perforated pipes (gravel)

Impervious liner

0.1 - 0.3 m Temporary ponding

Overf low pit

Rain gardens

Wetlands at differing scales

Thanks – Questions?

aaron.burton@environment-agency.wales.gov.uk

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Household andnon household

cisterndisplacement

devices

Retrofit WCdevices

Outdoors Householdaudits

Non-householdaudits

Additionalactivity

TOTAL

Water Efficiency Measure

Rep

orte

d sa

ving

s (M

l/d)

DCWWDVWSTW