Instructor Seminar October 11th 2011

Threat and Error ManagementIn General Aviation training

In July 2010 Threat and Error Management (TEM) became part of the CAA pilot training syllabus

What is TEM?

something over which the pilot has little or no control

Threats come “at” the pilot

are a result of mismanagement of threats Errors come “from” the pilot

Errors

Threat

TEM is the management of threats to ensure that the effect of the threat becomes

inconsequential to the operation

AIRMANSHIP

• Situational Awareness• Lookout• VFR - clear of cloud • I/You have control

TEM is not a new concept

HUMAN FACTORS

A.D.V.I.S.E.

IM SAFE

AIRCRAFT MANAGEMENT

• Smooth throttle movements• Mixture fully rich• Carb heat as required• Temperatures and

pressures in the green

What threats are specific to GA Flight Instruction?

Two pilot environment with a difference

GA training aircraft generally have lower performance

Maintaining currency on many aircraft types

Low instructor experience levels ...

Undesired aircraft states

Lack of appropriate operational guidelines

Communication errors

Managing threats in the training environment

Anticipation

Identification

Management

Safeguards

Soft safeguards – Regulations, Checklists, Company SOPS

Hard safeguards – stall warning, ergonomics (design)

Crew – Last line of defence

Consider your threats as you fly

LL 2500’

LL 1500’

CH Runway 02 - Two Chain Departure

Consider your threats as you fly

LL 2500’

LL 1500’

CH Runway 02 - Pine Arrival

Questions?