Unit One—Scientific Method

1

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Unit One—Scientific Method

3

BIOLOGY SOL REVIEW GUIDE

2020

FRANKLIN HIGH SCHOOL

C. DAUGHTREY

ROOM 326

TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT TITLE TITLE PAGE #S DATE COMPLETE

ONE SCI METHOD March 16-17

Pgs 3 – 9

TWO BIOCHEMISTRY March 18

Pgs 10 – 13

THREE CYTOLOGY March 19-20

Pgs 14 – 19

FOUR CELL BOUNDARIES March 23

Pgs 20 – 23

FIVE CELLULAR METABOLISM March 24

Pgs 24 – 26

SIX CELLULAR

REPRODUCTION

March 25

Pgs 27 – 30

SEVEN MOLECULAR GENETICS March 26

31 – 34

EIGHT MENDELIAN GENETICS March 27

35 – 38

NINE EVOLUTION March 30

39 – 41

TEN ECOLOGY March 31

42 – 45

ELEVEN CLASSIFICATION April 1

46 – 49

TWELVE BODY SYSTEMS April 2

50

1. Place the following statements in the order that they should be performed.

A. ________ Make a conclusion

B. ________ Pick your topic

C. ________ Conduct your experiment

D. ________ Make your hypothesis

Unit One—Scientific Method

5

E. ________ Analyze your data

F. ________ Research your topic

Short Answer

2. Your hypothesis is a ___________________ based on _________________ gathered from

doing __________________.

3. The problem must be stated in the form of a ___________________.

4. You should have _________________, or things in your experiment that don’t change.

There should be one _____________________, or characteristics of your experiment that

will change.

5. ____________________ is shown in the form of tables, graphs, or scientific logs and

records.

6. Your _______________ must state whether your _____________ was correct or not.

Multiple Choice

7. ______ The measurable factor in an experiment is known as the:

A. Control

B. independent variable

C. constant

D. dependent variable

8. ______ An experiment for a new asthma medication was set up into two groups. Group

one was given the new drug for asthma, while group 2 was given a sugar pill. The sugar

pill serves as a __________________.

A. control

B. constant

C. experimental variable

D. dependent variable

9. _____ To view cells under the high power of a compound light microscope, a student

places a slide of cells on the stage and moves the stage clips over to secure the slide. She

then moves the high power objective into place and focuses on the slide with the coarse

adjustment. For this procedure to be correct, she should have focused under…

A. low power using coarse and fine adjustments and then under high power using

only the fine adjustment.

Unit One—Scientific Method

B. high power first, then low power using only the fine adjustment

C. low power using the coarse and fine adjustments and then under high power

using coarse and fine adjustments.

D. low power using the fine adjustment and then under high power using only

the fine adjustment.

10. ______ What can be concluded by looking at the graphs above?

A. Euglena are photosynthetic organisms.

B. Paramecia are photosynthetic organisms.

C. Both organisms are photosynthetic.

D. Neither of these protists is photosynthetic.

11. ______ A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts fertilizer on row

1 but does not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows receive the same amount of water and

light intensity. She checks the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is a

constant in this experiment?

A. Plant height

B. Corn without fertilizer

C. Corn with fertilizer

D. Amount of water

12. ______ Which sentence best states the importance of using control groups?

A. Control groups eliminate the need for large sample sizes, reducing the number of

measurements needed.

B. Control groups eliminate the need for statistical tests and simplify calculations.

C. Control groups provide a method by which statistical variability can be reduced.

D. Control groups allow comparison between subjects receiving a treatment and

those receiving no treatment.

Unit One—Scientific Method

7

13. ______ According to the graph, enzymes are substances that (2 answers):

A. speed up the rate of chemical reactions

B. work best at specific temperature

C. cease to work at certain high

temperatures

D. all of the above

14. _____ A student decides to set up an experiment to see if detergent affects the growth of

seeds. He sets up 10 seed pots. 5 of the seed pots will receive a small amount of detergent

in the soil and will be placed in the sun. The other 5 seed pots will not receive detergent

and will be placed in the shade. All 10 seed pots will receive the same amount of water,

the same number of seeds, and the same type of seeds. He grows the seeds for two

months and charts the growth every 2 days. What is wrong with his experiment?

A. More than one variable is

being tested.

B. The student should have a

larger number of pots.

C. There is no way of measuring

the outcome.

D. There is no control set-up.

15. ______A scientific study showed that the depth at which algae were found in a lake

varied from day to day. On clear days, the algae were found as much as 6 meters below

the surface of the water but were only 1 meter below the surface on cloudy days. Which

hypothesis best explains these observations?

A. Nitrogen concentration affects

the growth of algae.

B. Precipitation affects the

growth of algae.

C. Light intensity affects the

growth of algae.

D. Wind currents affect the

growth of algae.

Unit One—Scientific Method

16. ______ The _____________ group is a standard by which any change can be measured

A. control

B. experimental

C. responding

D. manipulating

17. ______ A _________ is a possible explanation for a set of observations or answers to a

scientific question; must be testable.

A. hydrophonics

B. hypothesis

C. hypothalamus

D. theory

18. ______ The _____________ variable is changed to test a hypothesis

A. responding

B. independent

C. dependent

D. qualitative

19. ______ The ________ variable changes because of the independent variable.

A. dependent

B. independent

C. constant

D. control

20. ______ In the ____________ group, all factors are kept the same as in the control group

except one.

A. control

B. experimental

C. qualitative

D. hypothesis

21. ______ Which shows the metric prefixes in order from smallest to largest?

A. milli, centi, base unit, kilo C. centi, base unit, milli, kilo

B. kilo, base unit, centi, milli D. base unit, milli, centi, kilo

Which statement is correct—circle the statement that completes the sentence correctly.

22. When using the coarse adjustment always use low/high power.

23. When using a high power objective, only use coarse/fine adjustment.

24. Too much light is being let in to the slide so you adjust the diaphragm/objective.

Multiple Choice

25. ______ A biology class of 24 students decides to measure the height of each student and

then calculate the average height for the class. Which of these is a possible source of error

in this activity? (2 answers)

A. the accuracy of making and

recording measurements

B. the total number of students in

the class

C. the number of males and

females in the class

D. the difference in the ages of the

students in the class

Unit One—Scientific Method

9

26. ______ An experiment was designed to determine the effects of cool temperatures on the

germination of pine seeds. Which of these variables was LEAST important to the control

in this experiment?

A. The brand name of the

refrigerator used to produce the

cool temperatures

B. The number of seeds used in

each group

C. The amount of time that the

seeds were exposed to cool

temperatures

D. The temperate range used to

define cool temperatures

27. ______ Which of these is a hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation?

A. Bacterial growth increases

exponentially as temperature

increases.

B. A fish’s ability to taste food is

affected by the clarity of

aquarium water.

C. Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous

insect larvae increases as the tad

poles age.

D. The number of times a dog wags

its tail indicates how content the

dog is.

Short Answer

28. To find the total magnification you must take the ________________________ and

multiply it by the ____________________________.

29. __________________________ and _______________________ are two types of electron

microscopes.

Multiple Choice

30. ______ What is the total magnification used to view these

onion cells through this microscopic setup?

A. 10X

B. 40X

C. 50X

D. 400X

31. ______ When viewing a prepared slide under the compound

microscope, a student has to remove his glasses. This means he will

need to readjust for fine focus with which part labeled above?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Unit One—Scientific Method

32. ______ Which of the following came first in the scientific study of living things?

A. light microscopes

B. cell theory

C. electron microscope

D. model of DNA

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.

Miss Hogston wanted to know if the amount of oil would affect the height of a cake.

She prepared three cakes. Each cake was baked at 375˚F for 40 minutes. Each cake received

two eggs and ¼ cup water. The first cake received ¼ cup oil (as recommended on the cake

box). The second cake received ½ cup oil. The third cake received 1 cup oil.

After baking each cake was observed. The first cake rose three inches. The second

cake rose two inches and the third cake one inch. From this observation, Miss Hogston

determined that the amount of oil did affect the height of the cakes.

33. What is the hypothesis?

______________________________________________________________________

34. Give three constants in the experiment?

______________________________________________________________________

35. What was the independent variable (what was changed)? ________________________

36. Was there a control, if yes, what was it? ________________________________________

37. What was the dependent variable (what changed and was observed)?

______________________________________________________________________

38. What type of data was recorded (quantitative or qualitative)? __________________________

39. What was the conclusion? ____________________________________________________

40. What variable goes on the X-axis? _____________________________________________

41. What variable goes on the Y-axis? ______________________________________________

Unit One—Scientific Method

11

On the Graph below, label the X/Y axis with Independent/Dependent Variable.

Identify the following information from the graphs, charts and data tables provided

48. Independent Variable_______________________

49. Dependent Variable_________________________

50. Source of Error ___________________________

51. Manipulated Variable _________________________

52. Responding Variable __________________________

53. Based on the trend, how many mice do you expect to

see in week 5? __________________________

54. Independent Variable

_____________________________

55. Dependent Variable

_____________________________

56. List three constants

_____________________________________________________________________________

__________

Unit Two—Biochemistry

Short Answer

1. Biological catalysts, or enzymes, act by lowering the _____________________ required

for a reaction.

2. The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are known as ______________.

Multiple Choice

3. ______ Water is

A. an element

B. a compound

C. spit

D. good

True/False

4. T / F Adhesion is responsible for the surface of the water in a graduated cylinder

that is slightly curved at the sides. _____________________

5. T / F Water is the greatest solute in the world. ______________________________

6. T / F A substance with equal numbers of ions and ions is an alkaline

solution. __________________________

7. T / F Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to

prevent sudden changes in pH. _________________________

8. T / F Lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

_________________________

9. T / F Polysaccharides are formed through the process known as polymerization.

__________________________

10. T / F The substances that are present when a chemical reaction begins are the

products. ______________________________

11. T / F Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without

requiring high temperatures are antibodies. _____________________________

Short Answer

12. A water molecule is _____________ because there is an uneven distribution of

electrons between the oxygen and the ____________________ atoms.

13. Water’s ____________________ allows it to dissolve compounds such as table salt

(NaCl).

14. The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of

____________________ in solution.

15. The function of a protein depends on its specific ____________________.

Unit Two - Biochemistry

13

16. What is the strongest acid listed in

Figure 2–2?

_____________________________________

17. What is the pH of the weakest acid listed in

Figure 2–2? _________________

18. What is the pH of the strongest base listed in

Figure 2–2? _________________

19. According to the pH values of Figure 2–2, does a

solution with a hydrogen ion concentration less

than that of pure water have a pH greater or less

than 7? __________

Figure 2-2

20. According to Figure 2–3, which enzyme would you

expect to find in a bacterium growing in a hot

spring? ____________

21. According to Figure 2–3, at what temperature do

the two enzymes have the same amount of activity?

_______

22. According to Figure 2–3, which enzyme has an

optimum temperature of 40°C? ________

23. Based on Figure 2–3, which enzyme would

have the most activity in humans? ________

24. Based on Figure 2–3, which enzyme is active

over the largest temperature range? ________

Multiple Choice

25. ______ Long chains of sugars are known as

A. polysaccharides

B. polypeptides

C. disaccharides

D. dipeptides

26. ______ Lipids are said to be hydrophobic, which means that they

A. become toxic when they touch

water molecules

B. readily bond with water

C. break apart when they come in

contact with water

D. do not dissolve in water

pH Values of Some Common

Substances

Substance pH

Hydrochloric acid 1.0

Sulfuric acid 1.2

Tomatoes 4.2

Rainwater 6.2

Pure water 7.0

Sea water 8.5

Ammonium chloride 11.1

Sodium hydroxide 13.0

Figure

2-3

Figure

2-2

Unit Two--Biochemistry

Matching. Each term can be used more than once.

a. Acidic b. Basic c. Polarity

27. ______ unequal sharing of electrons

28. ______ lemon juice, pH 1.5

29. ______ lower concentration of H+ ions than pure water

30. ______ ammonia, pH 11.5

31. ______ a slight negative charge at one end, a slight positive charge at the other end.

32. ______ pH values below 7

33. ______ alkaline solutions

Matching. Each term can be used more than once.

a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins

34. ______ the main source of energy for living things

35. ______ help carry out chemical reactions, also known as enzymes

36. _________(3) important part of biological membranes

37. ______ contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon

38. ______ transport substances in and out of cells using facilitated diffusion

39. ______ composed of the monomer amino acids

40. ______ cellulose, starch, glucose

41. ______ store and transmit hereditary information

Unit Two - Biochemistry

15

Carbon

Compounds Monomer Function Picture

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Unit Three—Cytology

Label the following Animal Cell

Multiple Choice

1. ______ The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that —

A eukaryotic cells have a smaller

cell nucleus

B prokaryotic cells are always

much larger

C prokaryotic cells do not have a

plasma membrane

D eukaryotic cells have a more

advanced cellular organization

2. ______ What characteristic do all living things share?

A They reproduce by mitosis.

B They are made up of many

parts.

C They contain DNA.

D They need oxygen to survive.

3. ______ Which of these is responsible for the “rough” appearance of endoplasmic

reticulum?

A enzymes

B DNA

C lysosomes

D ribosomes

4. ______ What is the purpose of the

flagellum?

A movement

B catching prey

C circulation

D attachment

5. ______ Which of these functions to direct all cellular activity within the cell?

Unit Three—Cytology

17

A the Golgi apparatus

B the mitochondrion

C the nucleus

D the smooth endoplasmic

reticulum

6. ______ Which of these statements is supported by the data shown in the table

above?

A Eukaryotic cells vary in covering

and in food production.

B Each of the kingdoms has

different organelles for

metabolism.

C All cells have nuclei for control of

cell functions.

D Most kingdoms are made up of

prokaryotic cells.

7. ______ What structure is common to all six kingdoms of living organisms?

A cell wall

B DNA

C nucleus

D mitochondria

8. ______ The one-celled eukaryotic organisms above are often found in freshwater

ponds. What is one characteristic they all have in common?

A nucleus

B pseudopodia

C cilia

D flagellum

9. ______ Tall land plants have requirements different from those of aquatic plants.

Which of these must the tall land plants have that aquatic plants do not

need?

Unit Three—Cytology

A a means of reproduction

B thick cell walls

C photosynthetic abilities

D organelles for respiration

10. ______ How is the prokaryotic bacterium in

the diagram different from a eukaryotic

cell?

A It stores its genetic information

in DNA.

B It has ribosomes to make

proteins.

C It has a cell membrane.

D It

h

as

n

o membrane-bound nucleus.

11. ______ Which of these statements best summarizes the cell theory?

A Cells contain a nucleus and

other parts.

B Cells come in different shapes

and sizes.

C Cells can be seen through a

microscope.

D Cells are the building blocks of

living things.

12. ______ Cells from which of the following organisms would be expected to contain

cell walls?

A sponge

B water lily

C cricket

D paramecium

13. ______ When an animal eats, food stays in the stomach for a period of time. When

a unicellular organism, such as Paramecium, takes in food, the food is contained

in which organelle?

A chloroplast

B mitochondrion

C vacuole

D nucleus

14. ______ In the human body, the circulatory system transports and delivers

substances. Within the cell, which organelle performs a similar function?

A nucleus

B endoplasmic reticulum

C Golgi apparatus

D mitochondrion

15. ______ The watery environment in which most activities of a cell take place is the

A cell membrane.

B chloroplast.

C cytoplasm.

D vacuole.

Unit Three—Cytology

19

16. ______ A student wrote a description of a cell after looking at it under a

microscope. The description said the cell has a cell wall and many organelles,

including mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole and several chloroplasts. Which

type of cell was the student most likely describing?

A bacterium cell

B fungus cell

C animal cell

D plant cell

17. ______ Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which

cellular organelle would this process occur?

A mitochondrion

B ribosome

C lysosome

D Golgi body

18. ______ A bacterium will construct different proteins to metabolize the sugars

lactose or glucose, depending on which one it detects in the outside environment.

What part of the bacterium allows it to recognize different substances in the

outside environment?

A nucleus

B lysosomes

C cell membrane

D endoplasmic reticulum

19. ______ Which of these is the best model of a prokaryotic cell?

A F

B G

C H

D J

20. ______ What repackages proteins into forms the cell can use, expel, or keep

stored?

A centrioles

B Golgi bodies

C lysosomes

D mitochondria

Short Answer

Scientists and Theories

Unit Three—Cytology

21. __________________________________ was the scientist who discovered all cells come

from preexisting cells

22. __________________________________ discovered all animals are made out of cells

23. __________________________________ discovered all plants are made out of cells

24. __________________________________ was the first to see living things in a

microscope.

25. __________________________________ coined the term cell while looking at cork.

26. __________________________________ discovered infectious diseases are spread by

microorganisms (hint. milk)

27. __________________________________ proposed that eukaryotic cells arose from

living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms.

28. __________________________________ developed a series of rules to identify

microorganism that cause specific diseases.

Write out the cell theory:

1.

2.

3.

Matching

A. prokaryote

B. DNA

C. Golgi body

D. vacuole

E. plants

F. cell membrane

G. eukaryote

H. cytoplasm

I. lysosome

J. chloroplast

K. nucleolus

L. mitochondria

M. rough endoplasmic

reticulum

N. ribosome

O. unicellular

29. ______ This structure acts as a transport

tube for cell products

30. ______ Site of protein synthesis

31. ______ Ability to photosynthesize

32. ______ No membrane bound organelles

33. ______ Genetic information found inside

the nucleus

34. ______ Site of cellular respiration

35. ______ Selectively permeable and

regulates what goes in and out of

the cell

36. ______ Source of digestive enzymes that

break down food

37. ______ Storage of fluids or products

38. ______ Contain chlorophyll

39. ______ Have membrane bound organelles

40. ______ Makes ribosomes

41. ______ One celled organism

42. ______ Jelly like fluid that holds the

organelles in place

43. ______ Packages, sorts, and delivers

Compare and Contrast Diagrams

Unit Three—Cytology

21

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote:

A. Larger

B. Membrane Bound

Organelles

C. No Membrane

Bound Organelles

D. More Complex

E. Smaller

F. Simple

G. NO Nucleus

H. Nucleus

I. Cell Membrane

J. DNA at some point

K. Plants, Animals,

Fungi, Protist

L. Bacteria

M. Ribosomes

Plant vs. Animal Cell

A. Eukaryote

B. Photosynthesis

C. Cellular Respiration

D. Mitochondria

E. Nucleus

F. Cell Wall

G. Cell Membrane

H. Centrioles

I. Large Vacuole

J. Small Vacuole

K. Chloroplast

Prokar

yotes

47. _

_

_

_

_

48. __

_

_

_

_

49. __

__

__

50. __

__

__

51. __

__

__

_

Both

52. __

__

__

53. __

__

__

54. __

__

__

Eukar

yotes

55.

_____

_

56.

_____

_

57. __

__

__

58. __

__

__

59. __

__

__

Plant

Cell

60. _

_

_

_

_

61. __

_

_

_

_

62. __

__

__

63. __

__

__

Both

64. __

_

_

_

_

65. __

_

_

_

_

66. __

__

__

67. __

__

__

68. __

__

__

Anim

al Cell

79.

_____

_

70.

_____

_

Unit Four—Cell Boundaries

For questions #1-4 label the following diagram & tell the function.

Outside of cell

Inside of cell (cytoplasm)

True/False –Correct the statement if it false.

5. T / F The main function of the cell wall is to regulate what enters and leaves the

cell. ____________________________

6. T / F Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable

membrane. _____________________________

7. T / F When equilibrium is reached solute particles stop diffusing across the

membrane. _____________________________

8. T / F Passive transport moves materials against the concentration gradient.

_____________________________

Short Answer

9. What are the two functions of the cell membrane?

On the lines provided, identify each diagram as showing an isotonic, a hypotonic, or a hypertonic

solution inside the cell and describe how the movement of water molecules will affect the shape of

the cell.

11. ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

4. 1.

2. 3.

Unit Four—Cell Boundaries

23

12. ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

13. ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

14. If a cell contains 85% water and is placed into an environment which is 50%

water, is the cell Hypotonic or Hypertonic? In which direction will the water

move, into or out of the cell?

15. . A cell contains 85% water and is placed into a solution which contains 90%

water. Is the solution in the environment hypotonic or hypertonic? In which

direction will the water move?

16. Label the diagram: head, tail, lipid, hydrophobic,

hydrophilic

17. Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low

concentration in a process known as ________________________________.

18. When some substances can pass across them but others cannot, biological

membranes are said to have ________________________________________.

19. The process by which a protein channel allows molecules to cross the cell

membrane is called _______________________________________________.

Unit Four—Cell Boundaries

20. The process by which extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles is called

__________________________________.

21. The process in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane

is called ___________________________________.

Multiple Choice

22. _____Suppose you add a drop of blue dye to a container of clear water and after

several hours the entire container turns light blue. At this time, the

molecules of dye

a. Have stopped moving b. Continue to move around

randomly

23. _____The reason for my answer for question 22 is

a. The entire container is the same color; if the dye molecules were still moving,

the container would be different shades of blue.

b. If the dye molecules stopped, they would settle to the bottom of the container.

c. Molecules are always moving

d. This is a liquid; if it were solid the molecules would stop moving.

24. _____ When cells are placed in isotonic solutions,

a. the cell contents shrink

b. the cell contents swell

c. the cell remains in a state of homeostasis

d. the concentration gradient increases

25. _____ Movement of molecules across the plasma membrane requiring the aid of

cellular energy is

a. passive transport

b. active transport

c. osmosis

d. diffusion

26. _____ A plant cell placed in a salt solution will undergo

a. plasmolysis

b. diffusion

c. turgor

d. deplasmolysis

27. _____ Which of the following conditions describe a hypotonic solution that a cell

is placed in?

a. a higher solute concentration outside the cell

b. a lower solute concentration outside the cell

c. an equal solute concentration both inside and outside the cell

d. none of the above

Unit Four—Cell Boundaries

25

Complete the table by drawing and describing what happens to a cell in each solution

Isotonic

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Answer the questions in complete sentences on the lines provided below the question.

28. What is meant by the terms turgor pressure and plasmolysis?

29. What is a selectively permeable membrane?

30. Describe the difference between active and passive transport.

31. Describe exocytosis.

32. What is a concentration gradient?

Unit Five—Cellular Metabolism

7 6

.

8

9 1

0

1

0

1

1

1

1

Classify the organism below as either an autotroph or a heterotroph.

Identify the following equation as either photosynthesis or respiration. Label the products and

reactants.

Matching

15. ______ chlorophyll

16. ______ pigment

17. ______ photosynthesis

A. molecule that absorbs light

B. process by which autotrophs use sunlight to

make high-energy sugars

C. principal pigment found in plants

On the lines provided, identify which phrase describes the following processes:

aerobic respiration, glycolysis, lactic acid, alcoholic fermentation, anaerobic respiration,

cellular respiration

19. important in baking bread ________________________________________

20. builds up in muscles after a few seconds of intense activity ___________

21. requires oxygen_______________________________________________

22. produces 2 ATP molecules and pyruvic acid ________________________

23. almost the opposite process of photosynthesis _______________________

24. does not require oxygen___________________________________________

1

2

1

1 1

3

1

1

1

4

1

1

Unit Five—Cellular Metabolism

27

Matching

25. _____ The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll

A reflects blue light.

B absorbs blue light.

C reflects green light.

D absorbs green light.

26. _____ The processes that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is

A synthesis.

B cellular respiration.

C ATP synthase.

D photosynthesis.

27. _____ The picture below models a cellular metabolic process. The main purpose

of this process is to produce—

A usable energy

B ADP

C Phosphate groups

D H20

28. _____ Photosynthesis is important for almost all life on Earth because it —

A is responsible for most

decay.

B uses simple elements.

C produces oxygen.

D releases usable forms of nitrogen.

29. _____ The processes of photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of as a

cycle because-

A one is used only by

plants and the other is

used only by animals.

B both give off oxygen to

be used by animals.

C the products of one are used as the

raw materials of the other.

D they both have the same purpose.

30. _____ Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food because they do not have

A spores.

B roots.

C chlorophyll.

D hyphae.

True/False

31. T / F Alcohol is a product of aerobic respiration. ____________________

32. T / F High energy sugars are produced at the end of the Calvin cycle. ____________

33. T / F Autotrophs and consumers are the same. ____________________

Unit Five—Cellular Metabolism

Short answer

34. Write down the equation for photosynthesis.

________________________________________________________________________

35. Write down the equation for cellular respiration.

_________________________________________________________________________

36. What are the reactants of photosynthesis? (Write down the words.)

_________________________________________________________________________

37. What are the products of photosynthesis? (Write down the words)

_________________________________________________________________________

Multiple Choice

38. _____ In the human body, muscle cells have an increased need for energy during

exercise. To help supply this energy, the body will immediately increase —

a. food intake to increase the substances available for respiration

b. activity in the nervous system to stimulate intake of carbon dioxide

c. the need for waste products to be retained

d. the breathing rate to supply more oxygen to cells for the release of energy

39. _____ Which of the following is most effective in helping rain forest plants trap

sunlight so that light energy can be converted to chemical energy?

a. Large root size

b. Small seed size

c. Large leaf size

d. Small stem

41. _____ The oxygen content in the atmosphere of the early Earth is thought to have

increased significantly once which of these developed?

a. Amino acids

b. Archaebacteria

c. Photosynthetic bacteria

d. Mitochondria

42. _____ The picture shows a student’s experiment with

Elodea, a common aquatic plant. Which change in this

experiment is most likely to increase the volume of

oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?

a. Use fewer plants

b. Replace the beaker with a larger container

c. Move the light source closer to the beaker

d. Reduce the amount of water

Unit Six—Cellular Reproduction

29

Multiple Choice

1. ______ Which of the following does NOT occur by mitosis?

A growth

B production of gametes

C repair of cells

D production of somatic cells

2. ______ Which is a factor that limits cell size?

A how active a cell is

B whether the cell is a plant cell or animal cell

C the ratio of volume to cell surface area

D whether the cell is a prokaryote or eukaryote

3. ______ In which stage of the life of a cell is the nucleolus always visible?

A prophase

B anaphase

C interphase

D cytokinesis

4. ______ Which of the following is not found in plant cells?

A cell wall

B centrioles

C cell plate

D mitochondria

5. ______ If a cell has 24 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis, how

many chromosomes will it have at the end of meiosis?

A 12

B 24

C 6

D 48

6. ______ If a cell has 24 chromosomes, how many will it have at the end of

mitosis?

A 12

B 24

C 6

D 48

7. ______ All of the following are true of meiosis EXCEPT

A crossing over occurs during prophase I.

B the longest phase is prophase.

C the ending result is 4 identical cells.

D chromatin condenses during prophase.

8. ______ If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

A 12.

B 24.

C 6.

D 3.

Unit Six—Cellular Reproduction

True/False

9. T / F If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the

organism’s diploid number is 32. _________________________

10. T / F Mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis results in one cell.

_________________________.

Short Answer

11. An organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of

chromosomes found in the organism’s body cells.

12. Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called

______________________.

13. The period of growth in between cell division is called the

______________________.

14. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the

______________________.

Matching: Each letter may be used more than once.

A Prophase B Metaphase C Anaphase D Telophase

15. ______ the chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles

of the spindle

16. ______ the chromosomes become visible

17. ______ a nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes

18. ______ the centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus

19. ______ the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

20. ______ the nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus

Short Answer

21. What are the two phases of the Cell Cycle? __________________________

______________________________________________________

22. Which is the period of growth and development? _____________________

23. Which is the period of division? ___________________________________

24. What is the longest phase of the Cell Cycle? _________________________

25. What is the longest phase of Mitosis? ________________________________

Unit Six—Cellular Reproduction

31

26. What is the term for the process that produces gametes? _______________

27. What type of reproduction involves Meiosis? _________________________

28. What is the term for the first cell produced after fertilization? ___________

True/False

29. T / F In meiosis, 2 new cells are formed which are genetically identical.

_______________

30. T / F As a result of meiosis, haploid gametes are formed.

__________________

31. T / F In mitosis, four new diploid cells are formed.

_______________________

32. T / F Homologous chromosomes contain genes for the same traits.

___________________________________

33. T / F Replication of DNA occurs before the start of meiosis I and again

before meiosis II. ___________________________

Multiple Choice

34. ______ During meiosis, the resulting gametes have _____ the number of

chromosomes of the parent cell.

A double

B half

C triple

D equal

35. ______ Crossing over may occur during which phase of meiosis?

A prophase I

B metaphase I

C anaphase I

D telophase I

36. ______ If an organism has 18 chromosomes, then:

A N = 18

B 2N = 9

C its egg cell will have 9 chromosomes.

D its egg cell will have 36 chromosomes.

37. ______ During _______, homologous chromosomes separate and move to

opposite poles

a. prophase II

b. anaphase I

c. metaphase I

d. anaphase II

Unit Six—Cellular Reproduction

38. ______ During which phase do chromosomes become visible?

A telophase

B anaphase

C prophase

D interphase

39. ______ A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division.

How many daughter cells are produced and what number of

chromosomes do they have?

A 2 daughter cells, 5 chromosomes

each

B 1 daughter cell, 10 chromosomes

each

C 4 daughter cells, 20

chromosomes each

D 2 daughter cells, 10

chromosomes each

40. ______ During which phase does the spindle form?

A prophase

B interphase

C metaphase

D anaphase

41.-50. Label the following statements either MI (mitosis) or ME (meiosis)

41. __________Produces body cells (Somatic

cells)

42. __________Produces sex cells (Gametes)

43. __________Daughter cells diploid (2N)

44. __________Daughter cells haploid (N)

45. __________Two daughter cells

produced

46. __________Four daughter cells

produced

47. __________In metaphase chromosomes

line up in singles

48. __________In metaphase I chromosomes

line up as homologous pairs

49. __________One nuclear division

Fill in the following table describing what happens in each part of interphase.

Identify each phase of mitosis shown below and describe what happens in each.

G1

S G2

Unit Seven—Molecular Genetics

33

On the lines provided, match the letter of the scientist(s) with the description of his or their

conclusions.

1. _____ Franklin

2. _____ Griffith

3. _____ Hershey &

Chase

4. _____ Watson &

Crick

5. _____ Avery

6. _____ Chargaff

A. Concluded that DNA was the factor that

caused one bacterium to transform into another

B. Used X-ray diffraction to view the DNA

structure

C. Concluded bacteria could be transformed from

harmless to disease-causing from an unknown

factor

D. Developed the double-helix model of the DNA

structure

E. Concluded that the genetic material of a

bacteriophage is DNA

F. Showed which percentage of the DNA bases

were equal

Identify the following parts of the DNA molecule.

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Phosphate, Deoxyribose, Hydrogen Bond

Short answer

G. The three main types of RNA are ________________, ________________, and

_______________.

H. During the process of __________________________, the information carried by

mRNA is used to produce proteins.

Unit Seven—Molecular Genetics

I. Copying part of a nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in

RNA is called _____________________.

J. An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription is RNA

__________________________.

K. Genetic information is altered when changes in the DNA sequence, called

________________________________, occur.

L. The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is known as

__________________________________.

M. -A(an) ____________________ is made up of three parts: a deoxyribose sugar, a

phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

N. The structure of DNA molecule can be described as a(an)

_________________________________.

O. In mRNA, each codon specifies a particular ________________________.

Matching

1. _____ replication

2. _____ DNA polymerase

3. _____ promoter

4. _____ codon

5. _____ mutation

6. _____ polyploidy

7. _____ operon

8. _____ differentiation

A process in which DNA makes a copy of

itself

B signal in DNA that indicates to an enzyme

where to bind to make RNA

C a change in the genetic material

D a group of genes that operate together

E three nucleotides that specify a single

amino acid to be added to a polypeptide

F process in which cells become specialized in

structure and function

G the principal enzyme involved in DNA

replication

H condition of having extra sets of

chromosomes

Unit Seven—Molecular Genetics

35

Multiple choice

1. _____ Which of these will complete the mRNA strand matched to the DNA

strand?

A AUG

B CAG

C GUC

D UAC

2. ______ Which of these is most responsible for carrying coded information

from the nucleus?

A. the cell membrane

B. ATP

C. mRNA

D. the ribosome

3. Draw and label a chromosome.

4. _____Inversions in

chromosomes occur when part of a

chromosome breaks out and is

reinserted upside down. Which of

the diagrams below represents an

inversion?

A A

B B

C C

D D

4. _____ The picture shows an x-ray diffraction of DNA. The x-ray diffraction of

DNA led to the idea that DNA —

A. is a very long molecule

B. can copy itself

C. contains paired bases

D. is a double helix

________________

5. _____ The triplet code of bases for RNA may be represented by all of the

following except —

A CGG

B CGT

C CGU

D CGA

Circle the answer that best completes the sentence.

Unit Seven—Molecular Genetics

1. Protein Synthesis occurs on structures called ribosomes/nuclei

2. mRNA is made in the nucleus/cytoplasm.

3. DNA Replication occurs in the nucleus/cytoplasm

4. tRNA and Amino Acids are floating around in the nucleus/cytoplasm.

5. Translation produces mRNA/protein.

6. Replication produces DNA/RNA.

7. RNA/DNA polymerase unzips DNA during Replication

8. RNA/DNA polymerase unzips DNA during Transcription

Complete the following chart. Place an X in the appropriate blank.

Characteristics of DNA/RNA DNA RNA Characteristics of

DNA/RNA DNA RNA

a. Deoxyribonucleic acid

h. Thymine (T) present

b. Ribonucleic acid i. Uracil (U) present

c. Ribose sugar present

j. Cytosine (C) present

d. Deoxyribose sugar present

k. Guanine (G) present

e. It’s sugar is linked to a phosphate

group at one end and a

nitrogenous base at the other end

l. Single-stranded

f. Polymer of nucleotides

m. Contains a chemical

code or message which

must be transcribed.

g. Adenine (A) present

n. Two (2) double chains

held in a double helix

by hydrogen bonds

Complete the following table

DNA A T G G T A C C A

DNA

Replication

mRNA

tRNA

Amino Acid

Matching

Unit Eight—Mendelian Genetics

37

1. _____ genetics

2. _____ trait

3. _____ hybrid

4. _____ gene

5. _____ allele

6. _____ gamete

7. _____ probability

8. _____ Punnett

square

9. _____ haploid

10. _____ phenotype

11. _____ genotype

12. _____ meiosis

1. genetic makeup of an organism

2. likelihood that something will happen

3. process of reduction division

4. physical characteristics of an organism

5. specific characteristic

6. offspring of crosses between parents with different

traits

7. containing a single set of chromosomes

8. sex cells

9. factor that determines traits

10. diagram showing possible gene combinations

11. the scientific study of heredity

12. form of a gene

Multiple Choice

11. _____ Genes that have more than two alleles have

A crossing-over

B meiosis

C multiple alleles

D independent assortment

12. _____ Organisms that have identical alleles for a particular trait are

A heterozygous

B polygenic

C diploid

D homozygous

13. _____ Genes located on X or Y chromosome are called

A sex organs.

B autosomes.

C a pedigree.

D sex-linked.

14. _____ Two pink –flowering plants are crossed. The offspring flower as follows:

25% red, 25% white, 50% pink. What pattern of inheritance does flower

color in these flowers follow?

A dominance

B multiple alleles

C incomplete dominance

D polygenic traits

15. _____ A Punnett square is used to determine the

A probable outcome of a cross.

B actual outcome of a cross.

C result of mitosis.

D result of meiosis

16. _____ In a pedigree a shaded circle represents

Unit Eight—Mendelian Genetics

A a male expressing the trait

B a male without the trait

C a female expressing the trait

D a female without the trait

17. _____ A picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs is an example of a(an)

A pedigree.

B Punnett square.

C karyotype.

D meiosis

True/False: Correct the statement.

18. T/F The principle of dominance states that all alleles are dominant. _________

19. T/F Gregor Mendel is the “Father of Genetics.” ___________________________

20. T/F An individual’s genetic makeup is its phenotype. _____________________

21. T/F “Rr” represents a homozygous genotype. ____________________________

Answer the following questions using the diagram.

22. The chart above, showing how a trait is passed from one generation to the next in

a family, is called a(an) ______________________.

23. How many women are deaf? _______________

24. How many women can hear? _______________

25. How many men are deaf? ________________

26. How many men can hear? _________________

27. How many children does the couple in generation three have? _____________

28. Identify all the carriers in the diagram. _________________

Unit Eight—Mendelian Genetics

39

Complete the following Punnett square.

Tt X TT (T = tall, t = short)

29. What percentage of offspring will be tall? ________

30. What percentage of offspring will be short? ________

31. Provide the genotype percentages. _________

32. A heterozygous brown bear (Bb) was crossed with a black bear (bb). What are

the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

Genotypes ______________________

Phenotypes ______________________

32. A homozygous brown bear (BB) is crossed with a homozygous brown bear

(BB)? What are your results?

Genotypes _______________________

Phenotypes ________________________

Mendel crossed plants that were heterozygous dominant for round, yellow peas.

Using the Punnett square, complete a dihybrid cross.

33. What are the genotypes of the parents?

___________________________________

34. What are the phenotypic ratios?

____________________________________

35. How many pea plants will be round

and yellow? __________________________

36. What are the phenotypes of this cross?

RY Ry rY ry

RY

Ry

rY

ry

Unit Eight—Mendel

________________ ___________________

__________________ _______________

37. According to figure, if two pink-

flowered snapdragons are crossed, what

percentage of their offspring would be

expected to be pink-flowered?

_________________________

38. What would the offspring be if a pink

and red snapdragon were crossed?

39. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. Suppose a man with

the disease marries a normal woman that is a carrier. Will any of their children

have the disease? ____________________________

40. A man with type AB blood marries a woman with type O blood. Give the

genotypes and phenotypes of all possible offspring.

Genotypes:______________________________

Phenotypes: _____________________________

Unit Nine—Evolution

41

Matching

1. _____ Margulis’ theory that eukaryotes

formed from prokaryotes in symbiotic

relationships.

2. _____ A change in genetic material.

3. _____ Accurate fossil age based on amounts of

radioactive isotopes like uranium.

4. _____ Formation of a new species by some

form of isolation.

5. _____ Unrelated organisms acquire similar

characteristics because of similar

environments.

6. _____ Population has a trait that moves

toward an extreme because of environmental

pressure.

7. _____ Species no longer exists on Earth.

8. _____ Evolutionary pattern of stability

interrupted by rapid changes.

9. _____ Approximate age of fossil is determined

by where it fits in the fossil record.

10. _____ Two species evolve in response to

changes in the other.

A Coevolution

B Convergent

evolution

C Directional

selection

D Endosymbiosis

E Extinction

F Mutation

G Punctuated

equilibrium

H Radioactive

dating

I Relative dating

J Speciation

True/False

11. T / F To evolve is to change instantly. _______________

12. T / F Darwin based his hypothesis on his observations of plants and

animals on the Galapagos Islands. _______________

13. T / F Natural selection is used by dog breeders to pass on desirable

characteristics. ___________________

14. T / F Survival of the fittest means the strongest organism will survive.

___________________

15. T / F Animal structures that have different functions in different species,

but develop from the same embryonic tissue are analogous

structures. ____________________

Unit Nine--Evolution

Short Answer: Using the diagram below, answer the questions

16. The forelimbs of the organisms are

examples of what types of structure?

__________________________________

17. Which species from the table

has the most amino acids that

are different from those of a

human?

___________________________

18. How does the data indicate

that humans and Rhesus

monkeys share the most recent

common ancestor?

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

19. ______________________

A population where the

intermediate phenotype

is favored displays what

type of distribution?

20. ______________________ A population of birds, intermediate beak size is

selected against, and both very small and very large beaks sizes are favored.

What type of selection is this an example of?

21. ______________________ Natural selection that changes the distribution of a

trait to favor one extreme phenotype is called.

Species Number of amino acids that

differ from those in a human

hemoglobin protein chain (total

chain length= 146)

Human 0

Rhesus

Monkey

8

Mouse 27

Chicken 45

Frog 67

Lamprey 125

Unit Nine—Evolution

43

22. List two eukaryotes that have four limbs

___________________,

__________________________

23. Which species is the least advanced?

________________________

24. How do you know that it is the least

advanced? _______________________

_________________________________

25. What animals have amniotic eggs and hair?

________________, ________________

VIRUS/ CELL COMPARISON: Fill in the chart below with the information.

Virus Characteristics Cell Characteristics Examples that will help you

remember it

What are the steps of Koch’s Postulates?

1.

2.

3.

4.

What changes in health practices have resulted from the acceptance of the Germ

Theory?

Unit Ten--Ecology

Short Answer

1. Only People Can Eat Big Burgers is a memory device for the levels of organization.

Please list what each word stands for.

A ____________________

B ____________________

C ____________________

D ____________________

E ____________________

F ____________________

2. Each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain is known as a

________________________.

3. An organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis is known as a

____________________.

4. An organism that must obtain food from another organism is known as a

____________________.

5. The organisms that break down organic wastes and the remains of the dead into

simpler substances that can be used by other organisms are known as

____________________.

6. Create two (2) food CHAINS containing 3 trophic levels and begin with a producer.

7. Construct a food web using the following organisms: grasshopper, deer, mouse,

squirrel, fox, snake, rabbit, frog, owl, grass, decomposers, corn, and human.

Unit Ten—Ecology

45

8. Why would our planet die without sunlight? _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Is energy cyclic or one-directional? ____________________

10. Which ecological pyramid shows the total amount of tissue at each trophic level?

____________________

11. What is the ultimate source of all energy on Earth? ___________________ Why?

Matching

12. _____ evaporation from the leaves of plants

13. _____ a scarce substance that slows growth

14. _____ a group of the same species in the same area

15. _____ study of interactions between organisms &

the environment

16. _____ organism with sharp teeth for tearing & biting

17. _____ a chemical substance needed for life

18. _____ production rate of organic matter

A Carnivore

B Ecology

C Limiting factor

D Nutrient

E Population

F Primary productivity

G Transpiration

Short answer

19. Primary succession can only occur after ____________________ or

______________________.

20. If you went walking through the woods and walked into a field that was covered with

different types of young trees, you would be witnessing an example of

______________________________________.

21. Lichens are able to break down rock, creating soil, which makes them an excellent form

of _________________________________________.

22. Use a +, -, or o in each box to show the symbiotic relationships.

Organism 1 Organism 2

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalism

23. Draw a graph that shows a population experiencing exponential growth. Be sure to

label the X and Y axes.

Unit Ten--Ecology

24. Draw a graph that shows a population experiencing logistic growth. Be sure to label the

X and Y axes.

25. Give three reasons that will cause a population to reach its carrying capacity.

A ______________________________________________

B ______________________________________________

C ______________________________________________

26. A population that decreases because of a contagious disease is being reduced by a

density- __________________________ factor.

27. A population that decreases because of a drought is being reduced by a density-

_________________________ factor.

Matching

28. _____ moving into a population

29. _____ 2 organisms living closely together

30. _____ the number of organisms in an area

31. _____ 2 organisms trying to acquire the same

thing

32. _____ living thing that influences an ecosystem

33. _____ conditions an organism lives in & how it

uses them

34. _____ hunting for food

35. _____ moving out of a population

36. _____ non-living influences on an ecosystem

37. _____ careful use of resources so they are not

depleted

A Abiotic

B Biotic

C Competition

D Emigrate

E Immigrate

F Niche

G Population density

H Predation

I Sustainable development

J Symbiosis

Unit Ten -- Ecology

47

39. Use the diagram to the right to describe what is happening.

40. Use the diagram of the food web to describe what would happen if the bluefish was removed.

Unit Eleven—Classification

Matching

1. _____ bacillus

2. _____ binary fission

3. _____ binomial nomenclature

4. _____ dichotomous key

5. _____ domain

6. _____ hierarchy

7. _____ pathogen

8. _____ phylogeny

9. _____ taxonomy

10. _____ vaccine

A a system with levels

B classifying organisms logically

C rod shaped bacteria

D weakened pathogen to give immunity

E evolutionary relationships among

organisms

F taxonomic category larger than

kingdom

G tool to identify unfamiliar organisms

H Latin 2 word naming system

I Organism causing disease

J bacterial reproduction w/o genetic

exchange

Short Answer

11. What are the two categories of organisms used in a scientific name?

_________________________________________________________________________

12. What is the scientific name for human beings?

___________________________________

13. Kids playing cars on freeways get squished is a memory device. What are the 7

taxonomic levels it represents?

a. ____________________

b. ____________________

c. ____________________

d. ____________________

e. ____________________

f. ____________________

g. ____________________

14. A ______________________ is very broad, including many types of organisms,

while a ______________________ is very specific because it has only one type of

organism.

15. ______________________________ is the scientist credited with organizing living

things.

16. The 3 domains are:

a. _________________________________

b. _________________________________

c. _________________________________

17. _____________________--prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell walls, found everywhere

18. _____________________--eukaryotic, chitin cell walls, heterotrophic

19. _____________________--prokaryotic, found in extreme locations

20. _____________________--eukaryotic, cellulose cell walls, multicellular, autotrophic

21. _____________________--eukaryotic, mostly unicellular, very diverse group

Unit Eleven -- Classification

49

22. _____________________--eukaryotic, heterotrophic, multicellular, no cell walls

23. A cladogram shows ______________________________________ relationships

among organisms.

True/False

24. T / F The kingdom Bacteria has been divided into two kingdoms: Eubacteria and

Archaebacteria. _______________

25. T / F Binary fission, conjugation, and endospores are all forms of reproduction

for bacteria. _______________

26. T / F Viruses belong to the domain Bacteria. _______________

27. T / F A lysogenic infection spreads through an organism more quickly than an

lytic infection. _______________

28. T / F A bacteriophage is a bacteria that infects a larger cell. _______________

29. T / F Since strep throat is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are useless to destroy

this pathogen. _______________

30. T / F You can eat food with bacteria in it. _______________

Multiple Choice

31. _____ Kingdom Protista includes organisms that are

A prokaryotes and eukaryotes

B prokaryotes and multicellular

C eukaryotes and autotrophs

D prokaryotes and heterotrophs

32. _____ Pollution kills phytoplankton. The reduction in phytoplankton could cause

which of the following?

A increased oxygen production

B decreased oxygen production

C decreased carbon dioxide consumption

D increased producers in the food web

33. _____ Green algae are considered to be most like plants because they have

A roots and stems

B chlorophyll and

cellulose

C vascular tissue

D flowers

34. _____ Which of the following does NOT describe fungus like protists?

A autotrophic

B heterotrophic

C recyclers

D decomposer

35. _____ The freshwater protist in the diagram to

the right would use which of the following

modes of locomotion?

A cytoplasmic streaming

B cilia

C flagella

D pseudopods

Unit Eleven—Classification

Matching

36. _____ filter feeder with pores, asymmetrical body plan

37. _____ nerve net, hollow digestive cavity, tentacles, radial

38. _____ simple nervous system, flat, bilateral symmetry

39. _____ digestive system with 2 openings, round, muscles

40. _____ segmented body, brain, closed circulation

41. _____ soft body with shell, simple kidney, simple or complex

nervous system

42. _____ exoskeleton, jointed appendages, open circulation,

complex nervous system

43. _____ water vascular system, radial symmetry, spiny skin,

nerve ring, regeneration

44. _____ dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, gills, tail

A Annelida

B Arthropoda

C Chordata

D Cnidaria

E Echinodermata

F Mollusca

G Nematoda

H Platyhelminthes

I Porifera

Short Answer

45. _______________ are eukaryotic, multicellular and lack cell walls.

46. Invertebrates are _____% and vertebrates are _____% of their kingdom.

47. Give an example of a specific organism with radial symmetry. ____________________

48. Give an example of a specific organism with bilateral symmetry.

____________________

49. List a derived character

unique to mammals.

____________________

50. Are birds more closely

related to mammals or

reptiles? _______________

51. What is the oldest type of

organism on the cladogram?

______________________

52. What is the oldest derived character on this cladogram? ______________________

53. Which characteristic is shared by amphibians and reptiles?

_________________________

Matching

54. _____ a type of nonvertebrate chordate A Amphi

bians

B Birds

C Carniv

ores

D Chond

Unit Eleven -- Classification

51

55. _____ these fish do not have bones

56. _____ structure for aquatic gas exchange

57. _____ these organisms live on land and in water

58. _____ respiration can occur through this in salamanders

59. _____ these organisms lay leathery eggs with amniotic membranes

60. _____ a flat area that senses vibrations

61. _____ organ for release of waste and sperm or eggs

62. _____ use behavior to control body temperature

63. _____ use metabolism to generate heat to control body temperature

64. _____ lay hardened amniotic eggs and care for young

65. _____ organisms active at night

66. _____ organism with flat teeth for grinding

67. _____ organism with sharp, piercing teeth

68. _____ lay eggs, but nourish young with milk

69. _____ complete development in a pouch

70. _____ embryo and mother exchange nutrients & waste

71. _____ fingers, toes, shoulders rotate, binocular vision

72. _____ scientific name of your species

Label the following pictures with the proper invertebrate Phylum.

73. ______________ 74. _____________ 75. _____________ 76. ___________ 77. _____________

Unit Twelve—Body Systems

Matching

1. _____ Protects the body from disease

2. _____ Creates gametes, protects

developing embryo

3. _____ Eliminates waste products,

homeostasis

4. _____ Gas exchange

5. _____ Breaks down nutrients,

eliminates waste

6. _____ Controls growth &

development, homeostasis

7. _____ Voluntary and involuntary

movement

8. _____ Support and protection

9. _____ Protection

10. _____ Coordinates body responses

11. _____ Delivers nutrients and wastes

A Circulatory

B Digestive

C Endocrine

D Excretory

E Immune

F Integumentary

G Muscular

H Nervous

I Reproductive

J Respiratory

K Skeletal

12. __________________ allows organisms to maintain a stable internal

environment and resist disturbances from within or without.

EXAMPLES OF HOMEOSTASIS

Temperature, Blood, pH, Water, Glucose Levels, Oxygen Levels, Disease