Post on 15-Apr-2017
CULTURE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE ETHNOCENTRISM VS. XENOCENTRISM CULTURAL DIVERSITY
By: Ms. Chyrele C. LintagInstructor
CULTURE Latin word “cultura” / “cultus” which
means care or cultivation Design for living or as a blueprint of
behavior Culture is that complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Edward Taylor)
CULTURE Is a person’s social heritage or the
customary ways in which groups organize their ways of behaving, thinking and feeling.
Represents the designs or recipes for living, the interrelated network of norms and roles
Elements of CultureMaterial Culture Is the physical
objects a society produces, things people create and use.
These are the tools, furniture, clothing, automobiles and computer systems, to name a few
Non Material Culture It is consist of
elements termed norms, values, beliefs and language shared by the members of a society
Is considered as carriers of culture:
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Knowledge
A. natural knowledgeB. technological knowledgeC. supernatural knowledgeD. magical knowledge
Social norms Folkways
KNOWLEDGE The total range of what has been
learned or perceived as trueNATURAL KNOWLEDGErefers to the facts about world including both the biological and physical aspects
KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
pertains to knowledge of nature which are useful in dealing with practical problems like knowledge of the methods of acquiring food, dealing with diseases, means of transportation, tools and implements and weapons of war.
KNOWLEDGE SUPERNATURAL KNOWLEDGE
refers to perceptions about the action of gods, goddesses, demons, angels or spirits and natural spirits like the shamans, witches or prophets who are held to possess supernatural powers
KNOWLEDGE MAGICAL KNOWLEDGE
refers to perceptions about methods of influencing supernatural events by manipulating certain laws of nature
FOLKWAYS Are commonly known as customs,
traditions and conventions of behavior.
It includes innumerable group expectations like: rules of eating, drinking, smoking, dressing, sleeping, dancing, and working, forms of greetings, farewell, ceremonies and rituals, polite behavior and conduct in institutional settings.
MORES Are special folkways which are
important to the welfare of the people and their cherished values.
They are based on ethical and moral values which are strongly held emphasized
LAWS Are formalized norms enacted by
people who are vested with governmental power and enforced by political and legal authorities designed by the government.
SANCTIONS Are a system or rewards and
punishmentREWARDS – are positive sanctions for those who behave properly and
PUNISHMENTS - are negative sanctions for those who behave improperly
Language refer to systematized usage of speech
and hearing to convey, communicate or express feeling or ideas
It is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it.
Beliefs embody people’s perception of reality and
include the primitive ideas of the universe as well as the scientist’s empirical view of the world.
Values Cultural values are shared assumptions of
what is right, good or important. Guide man’s behavior and action as he
relates himself in most situation
Technology Refers to techniques
and know-how in utilizing raw materials to produce food, tools, shelter, clothing, means of transportation and weapons
ARTIFACTS – the material objects that are the products of technology
Computer
ETHNOCENTRISM VS. XENOCENTRISM ETHNOCENTRISM
Is a belief that one’s own race, nation or group is the best.
XENOCENTRISMThis is the idea that what is foreign is best and the one’s lifestyle, products or ideas are inferior to others
It is centered on product, idea or lifestyle
Cultural Relativism Refers to the viewing of people’s
behavior from the perspective of their own culture
It places the priority on understanding other cultures rather than dismissing them as “strange” or “exotic” unlike ethnocentrism
Holds that the customs of one culture cannot objectively or be judged superior to those another.
Culture Shock This term is used
to describe as occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted in different culture than their own.
Cultural Lag It refers to a situation when one some
parts of a culture change at a faster rate than other related parts with a resulting disruption of the integration and equilibrium of the culture.
Cultural Diversity is the variety of
human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.
Diversity is defined as the condition of being different.
Cultural Diversity
Cultural Diversity1. Cultural VariabilityCulture differ because of the great variety of different societies evolve in solving life problems.2. Cultural IntegrationCulture vary significantly in the degree of being internally consistent in their patterns of values, belief and behavior
3. Cultural Relativity Differences in culture also arise from
the relativity of the standards that societies uphold and use for evaluating truth, right, propriety, virtue, morality, legality, justice and absolute standards of right and wrong.
Characteristics of Culture1. Culture is learned Culture is basically a creation of man. It is
learned through process of interaction2. Culture is shared No one person knows the entire culture. 3. Culture is cumulative It is said cumulative because it has a
tendency to grow and expand
4. Culture is dynamic Change in culture is continuous and
no culture is totally fix or static5. Culture is diverse This means that culture varies and is
different from one another
Activity Divide the class into 4 groups Prepare a list showing the difference
of values between the past generation and the new generation.
Have them explain the chosen topic based on the concept presented.