CULTURE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE ETHNOCENTRISM VS. XENOCENTRISM CULTURAL DIVERSITY

By: Ms. Chyrele C. LintagInstructor

CULTURE Latin word “cultura” / “cultus” which

means care or cultivation Design for living or as a blueprint of

behavior Culture is that complex whole which

includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Edward Taylor)

CULTURE Is a person’s social heritage or the

customary ways in which groups organize their ways of behaving, thinking and feeling.

Represents the designs or recipes for living, the interrelated network of norms and roles

Elements of CultureMaterial Culture Is the physical

objects a society produces, things people create and use.

These are the tools, furniture, clothing, automobiles and computer systems, to name a few

Non Material Culture It is consist of

elements termed norms, values, beliefs and language shared by the members of a society

Is considered as carriers of culture:

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE Knowledge

A. natural knowledgeB. technological knowledgeC. supernatural knowledgeD. magical knowledge

Social norms Folkways

KNOWLEDGE The total range of what has been

learned or perceived as trueNATURAL KNOWLEDGErefers to the facts about world including both the biological and physical aspects

KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

pertains to knowledge of nature which are useful in dealing with practical problems like knowledge of the methods of acquiring food, dealing with diseases, means of transportation, tools and implements and weapons of war.

KNOWLEDGE SUPERNATURAL KNOWLEDGE

refers to perceptions about the action of gods, goddesses, demons, angels or spirits and natural spirits like the shamans, witches or prophets who are held to possess supernatural powers

KNOWLEDGE MAGICAL KNOWLEDGE

refers to perceptions about methods of influencing supernatural events by manipulating certain laws of nature

FOLKWAYS Are commonly known as customs,

traditions and conventions of behavior.

It includes innumerable group expectations like: rules of eating, drinking, smoking, dressing, sleeping, dancing, and working, forms of greetings, farewell, ceremonies and rituals, polite behavior and conduct in institutional settings.

MORES Are special folkways which are

important to the welfare of the people and their cherished values.

They are based on ethical and moral values which are strongly held emphasized

LAWS Are formalized norms enacted by

people who are vested with governmental power and enforced by political and legal authorities designed by the government.

SANCTIONS Are a system or rewards and

punishmentREWARDS – are positive sanctions for those who behave properly and

PUNISHMENTS - are negative sanctions for those who behave improperly

Language refer to systematized usage of speech

and hearing to convey, communicate or express feeling or ideas

It is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it.

Beliefs embody people’s perception of reality and

include the primitive ideas of the universe as well as the scientist’s empirical view of the world.

Values Cultural values are shared assumptions of

what is right, good or important. Guide man’s behavior and action as he

relates himself in most situation

Technology Refers to techniques

and know-how in utilizing raw materials to produce food, tools, shelter, clothing, means of transportation and weapons

ARTIFACTS – the material objects that are the products of technology

Computer

ETHNOCENTRISM VS. XENOCENTRISM ETHNOCENTRISM

Is a belief that one’s own race, nation or group is the best.

XENOCENTRISMThis is the idea that what is foreign is best and the one’s lifestyle, products or ideas are inferior to others

It is centered on product, idea or lifestyle

Cultural Relativism Refers to the viewing of people’s

behavior from the perspective of their own culture

It places the priority on understanding other cultures rather than dismissing them as “strange” or “exotic” unlike ethnocentrism

Holds that the customs of one culture cannot objectively or be judged superior to those another.

Culture Shock This term is used

to describe as occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted in different culture than their own.

Cultural Lag It refers to a situation when one some

parts of a culture change at a faster rate than other related parts with a resulting disruption of the integration and equilibrium of the culture.

Cultural Diversity is the variety of

human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.

Diversity is defined as the condition of being different.

Cultural Diversity

Cultural Diversity1. Cultural VariabilityCulture differ because of the great variety of different societies evolve in solving life problems.2. Cultural IntegrationCulture vary significantly in the degree of being internally consistent in their patterns of values, belief and behavior

3. Cultural Relativity Differences in culture also arise from

the relativity of the standards that societies uphold and use for evaluating truth, right, propriety, virtue, morality, legality, justice and absolute standards of right and wrong.

Characteristics of Culture1. Culture is learned Culture is basically a creation of man. It is

learned through process of interaction2. Culture is shared No one person knows the entire culture. 3. Culture is cumulative It is said cumulative because it has a

tendency to grow and expand

4. Culture is dynamic Change in culture is continuous and

no culture is totally fix or static5. Culture is diverse This means that culture varies and is

different from one another

Activity Divide the class into 4 groups Prepare a list showing the difference

of values between the past generation and the new generation.

Have them explain the chosen topic based on the concept presented.