Post on 06-Jan-2016
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Information of the History of Sudan
Background Info for Reading What is the What by Dave Eggers
Simulation Groups & Real Factions• North Sudanese pro-government forces, al-Bashir
administration (NCP)/Janjaweed Militias National Pyletopian Congressional Party & Apean Militia (Emersoniis)
• North Sudanese anti-government forces, Liberation and Justice Movement/ JEM/ SLM/A Pyletopian Movement for Justice, Equality, and Liberation (PMJEL)
• South Sudanese pro-government forces, SPLM/SPLA Visionary People of Pyletopia’s Liberation Movement(VPPLM)
• South Sudanese anti-government forces, SSDM/SSDA Pyletopian’s for the Democratization of the Republic (PDR)
PROBLEMS
Map of Africa Map of Sudan
Why North vs. South?
• Arab vs. African
• Slave-raiding and exploitation
• Britain and Egypt’s imperialism
So Many Conflicts
• Religion
• Race
• Economic exploitation
• Colonialism
FIRST CIVIL WAR
Way Back
•Middle Ages: Arabs arrive from Egypt
• 1800s: Egyptian (and therefore British) rule• Conflicts and opposition for 100 years
• 1900s: British declare “Southern Policy”• North and South governed separately
First Civil War Begins
• 1950s – 1970s• South mutinies against North’s domination• South creates secessionist movement
called “Anya-Nya”• *** Valentino’s father is a member!
First Civil War Ends
• First peace agreement in 1972= Addis Ababa Agreement (AAA)• South gets:•More autonomy• Share of natural resources
SECOND CIVIL WAR
Second Civil War Begins
• 1980s-2000s• North attempts to redraw lines• Violations of AAA by North• AAA abolished by North:• Divides South into 3 regions• Regional governments dissolved• Islamicization
Second Civil War Continues
• 2 Groups:• SPLA (Southern)•Murahaleen (Northern)• Slavery• Lost Boys begin trek East• *** Valentino is one!• Darfur conflict begins in 2003
Second Civil War Ends
• Second peace agreement in 2005 = Comprehensive Peace Agreement • Autonomy for South:• 6 year trial• Choice to make permanent in 2011 ***• Sharing oil revenues• Islamic law in North, choice in South• Darfur conflict continues
NOW!• WHAT DO YOU KNOW? What’s going on in the news? What is
happening?!?!