Information of the History of Sudan

Background Info for Reading What is the What by Dave Eggers

Simulation Groups & Real Factions• North Sudanese pro-government forces, al-Bashir

administration (NCP)/Janjaweed Militias National Pyletopian Congressional Party & Apean Militia (Emersoniis)

• North Sudanese anti-government forces, Liberation and Justice Movement/ JEM/ SLM/A Pyletopian Movement for Justice, Equality, and Liberation (PMJEL)

• South Sudanese pro-government forces, SPLM/SPLA Visionary People of Pyletopia’s Liberation Movement(VPPLM)

• South Sudanese anti-government forces, SSDM/SSDA Pyletopian’s for the Democratization of the Republic (PDR)

PROBLEMS

Map of Africa Map of Sudan

Why North vs. South?

• Arab vs. African

• Slave-raiding and exploitation

• Britain and Egypt’s imperialism

So Many Conflicts

• Religion

• Race

• Economic exploitation

• Colonialism

FIRST CIVIL WAR

Way Back

•Middle Ages: Arabs arrive from Egypt

• 1800s: Egyptian (and therefore British) rule• Conflicts and opposition for 100 years

• 1900s: British declare “Southern Policy”• North and South governed separately

First Civil War Begins

• 1950s – 1970s• South mutinies against North’s domination• South creates secessionist movement

called “Anya-Nya”• *** Valentino’s father is a member!

First Civil War Ends

• First peace agreement in 1972= Addis Ababa Agreement (AAA)• South gets:•More autonomy• Share of natural resources

SECOND CIVIL WAR

Second Civil War Begins

• 1980s-2000s• North attempts to redraw lines• Violations of AAA by North• AAA abolished by North:• Divides South into 3 regions• Regional governments dissolved• Islamicization

Second Civil War Continues

• 2 Groups:• SPLA (Southern)•Murahaleen (Northern)• Slavery• Lost Boys begin trek East• *** Valentino is one!• Darfur conflict begins in 2003

Second Civil War Ends

• Second peace agreement in 2005 = Comprehensive Peace Agreement • Autonomy for South:• 6 year trial• Choice to make permanent in 2011 ***• Sharing oil revenues• Islamic law in North, choice in South• Darfur conflict continues

NOW!• WHAT DO YOU KNOW? What’s going on in the news? What is

happening?!?!