The Industrial

RevolutionINVENTIONS

AND

IMPACT ON ECONOMY

MIDSEM

PRESENTATIONBY

GROUP 11

SHIVAM MAHAJAN

J R TRISHAAL

MANDAVA BIPIN CHOWDARY

RAJULA HARISH KUMAR REDDY

PVS SHARADIND

Before Industrial Rev.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans

worked on farms and at home in small shops.

Domestic System: even as Britain started to import

huge amounts of cotton from the American colonies,

most were woven into cloth in homes or small shops

by hand. This was very labor-intensive and time

consuming.

WHY BRITAIN ?

Accessibility of trade: abundant sea ports & rivers.

Trade for overseas colonies: provided capital for investment.

Stable Government: promoted economical growth.

Technological

Advancements

James Watt’s Steam

Engine

• Scottish inventor and

mechanical engineer

• Improved upon

Newcomen steam engine

by using condenser

• Key power source of the

Industrial Revolution

Bessemer’s Smelting

Process• Bessemer Process was

the first inexpensive

industrial process for the

mass production of steel

• Removed impurities from

the iron by blowing air

through it

• Allowed the manufacture

of bridges, railroads,

skyscrapers, and large

ships

The Wizard of

Menlo ParkThomas Edison-American

Inventor, Scientist, and

Businessman

Invented the Phonograph,

motion picture camera, and

the long-lasting practical

electric lightbulb

Eli Whitney’s

Cotton Gin

Created in 1793

Separated Cotton Fibers

from seeds

Caused massive growth of

production of cotton, exports

to Britain, and Demand for

U.S. Slavery

The Spinning

Jenny

Invented by James

Hargreaves in 1764

Produced several threads at

the same time

Were Later Powered by

Water, and then Steam

Engine

John Kay’s Flying Shuttle

• “a speed which cannot be

imagined, so great that

the shuttle can only be

seen like a tiny cloud

which disappears the

same instant.”

• A wheeled shuttle that

greatly accelerated

weaving by passing

thread between warps

very quickly

Advancements in

Science and

Medicine

Louis Pasteur

and Germ

TheoryFrench chemist and

microbiologist, known as one

of the fathers of microbiology

Supported the germ theory

theory of disease

Invented a method to stop

milk and wine from causing

sickness

The Great and Terrible

Scourge

• Erupted in epidemics

every 10 years in densely

populated areas

• Edward Jenner

developed vaccine

• Used samples of cowpox

disease from women who

had worked with cows

The

Transportation

Revolution

Stephenson’s “Rocket”

Robert Fulton’s

Steamship

Henry Ford-American

Industrialist

Used the assembly line

technique of mass

production

Revolutionized

transportation

Impacts of the

Industrial

Revolution

Urbanization

mass migration of people

from rural areas to cities

Rapid growth of cities due to

industrial demand of workers

Blessing or

Curse?

The Standard of living

increased overall for most

people

But a new way of living

brought new problems

Population Density England, 1801 Population Density England, 1851

Aristocrat

Middle Class

Working Class

City Life

Cities grew around factories

These cities grew rapidly, without planning

Working people lived in tenements in hellish slums

The lack of planning meant that there was no sewage,

running water, or sanitation system

Working Life in

Factories

Factory work was difficult and dangerous

Typical shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours

If you complained, you were fired.

If you got sick, you were fired.

Women at WorkFactory owners hired

women because they

could pay them less

Women with families

worked 12 hours a day

and were still expected

to cook, clean, etc. when

they finally got home.

Child Labor and Unsafe

Work Conditions

M

in

e

rs

Industrial

RevolutionBritain changed more during this era than at any other time. People moved from the countryside to the new towns and cities.

The Rise of the Industrial “Class”

and a New Way of Thinking

Origins came from the concept of “private ownership”.

Adam Smith wrote, “The Wealth of Nations” (1776)Individuals should own the means of production and sell their

products and services in a free and open market, where the

demand for their goods and services would determine their

prices and availability.

A free-market system (a.k.a. capitalism), Smith argued, would

best meet the needs and desires of individuals and nations as a

whole.

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations

To him, the "wealth" of a nation wasn't determined by the

size of its monarch's treasure or the amount of gold

and silver in its vaults, nor by the spiritual worthiness of

its people in the eyes of the Church.

A nation's wealth was to be judged by the total value of

all the goods its people produced for all its people to

consume.

Positive Change1883 – British Parliament passed laws limiting hours of each workday, restricted children from working in factories , and required factory owners to make safer & cleaner working conditions

Labor Unions: formed to bargain for better working conditions, higher pay, and threatened strikes.

Factory owners came to the realization that healthy, happy, and somewhat well-paid employees meant a productive workforce

o The middle class became substantially bigger.

o The standard of living increases and Public Education becomes more accessible.

o Social Mobility – the ability for a person to work their way up from one social class to the next.

o 1807 – Slave trade is abolished – no new slaves were transported (legally) from Africa, ownership of existing slaves continued

o 1833 – Britain outlaws slavery all together.

Labor Unions

The Revolution SPREAD!!!

Belgium

France

Germany

Japan

AND… the United States

Lastly…..• Democracy began developing in Britain and the

United States due to enlightenment ideals. Both

would eventually (after WWII) create mixed-

economies. Meaning, they combined pure-

capitalism with socialism.

• In Russia, reform was non-existent with absolute

rule. Marxist ideas grew popular among a small

group of urban intellectuals, who would later lead

a workers revolution and create a communist

state.