Industrial Revolution INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS. The Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial
RevolutionINVENTIONS
AND
IMPACT ON ECONOMY
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MIDSEM
PRESENTATIONBY
GROUP 11
SHIVAM MAHAJAN
J R TRISHAAL
MANDAVA BIPIN CHOWDARY
RAJULA HARISH KUMAR REDDY
PVS SHARADIND
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Before Industrial Rev.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans
worked on farms and at home in small shops.
Domestic System: even as Britain started to import
huge amounts of cotton from the American colonies,
most were woven into cloth in homes or small shops
by hand. This was very labor-intensive and time
consuming.
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WHY BRITAIN ?
Accessibility of trade: abundant sea ports & rivers.
Trade for overseas colonies: provided capital for investment.
Stable Government: promoted economical growth.
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Technological
Advancements
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James Watt’s Steam
Engine
• Scottish inventor and
mechanical engineer
• Improved upon
Newcomen steam engine
by using condenser
• Key power source of the
Industrial Revolution
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Bessemer’s Smelting
Process• Bessemer Process was
the first inexpensive
industrial process for the
mass production of steel
• Removed impurities from
the iron by blowing air
through it
• Allowed the manufacture
of bridges, railroads,
skyscrapers, and large
ships
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The Wizard of
Menlo ParkThomas Edison-American
Inventor, Scientist, and
Businessman
Invented the Phonograph,
motion picture camera, and
the long-lasting practical
electric lightbulb
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Eli Whitney’s
Cotton Gin
Created in 1793
Separated Cotton Fibers
from seeds
Caused massive growth of
production of cotton, exports
to Britain, and Demand for
U.S. Slavery
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The Spinning
Jenny
Invented by James
Hargreaves in 1764
Produced several threads at
the same time
Were Later Powered by
Water, and then Steam
Engine
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John Kay’s Flying Shuttle
• “a speed which cannot be
imagined, so great that
the shuttle can only be
seen like a tiny cloud
which disappears the
same instant.”
• A wheeled shuttle that
greatly accelerated
weaving by passing
thread between warps
very quickly
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Advancements in
Science and
Medicine
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Louis Pasteur
and Germ
TheoryFrench chemist and
microbiologist, known as one
of the fathers of microbiology
Supported the germ theory
theory of disease
Invented a method to stop
milk and wine from causing
sickness
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The Great and Terrible
Scourge
• Erupted in epidemics
every 10 years in densely
populated areas
• Edward Jenner
developed vaccine
• Used samples of cowpox
disease from women who
had worked with cows
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The
Transportation
Revolution
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Stephenson’s “Rocket”
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Robert Fulton’s
Steamship
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Henry Ford-American
Industrialist
Used the assembly line
technique of mass
production
Revolutionized
transportation
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Impacts of the
Industrial
Revolution
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Urbanization
mass migration of people
from rural areas to cities
Rapid growth of cities due to
industrial demand of workers
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Blessing or
Curse?
The Standard of living
increased overall for most
people
But a new way of living
brought new problems
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Population Density England, 1801 Population Density England, 1851
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Aristocrat
Middle Class
Working Class
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City Life
Cities grew around factories
These cities grew rapidly, without planning
Working people lived in tenements in hellish slums
The lack of planning meant that there was no sewage,
running water, or sanitation system
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Working Life in
Factories
Factory work was difficult and dangerous
Typical shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours
If you complained, you were fired.
If you got sick, you were fired.
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Women at WorkFactory owners hired
women because they
could pay them less
Women with families
worked 12 hours a day
and were still expected
to cook, clean, etc. when
they finally got home.
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Child Labor and Unsafe
Work Conditions
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M
in
e
rs
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Industrial
RevolutionBritain changed more during this era than at any other time. People moved from the countryside to the new towns and cities.
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The Rise of the Industrial “Class”
and a New Way of Thinking
Origins came from the concept of “private ownership”.
Adam Smith wrote, “The Wealth of Nations” (1776)Individuals should own the means of production and sell their
products and services in a free and open market, where the
demand for their goods and services would determine their
prices and availability.
A free-market system (a.k.a. capitalism), Smith argued, would
best meet the needs and desires of individuals and nations as a
whole.
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Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
To him, the "wealth" of a nation wasn't determined by the
size of its monarch's treasure or the amount of gold
and silver in its vaults, nor by the spiritual worthiness of
its people in the eyes of the Church.
A nation's wealth was to be judged by the total value of
all the goods its people produced for all its people to
consume.
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Positive Change1883 – British Parliament passed laws limiting hours of each workday, restricted children from working in factories , and required factory owners to make safer & cleaner working conditions
Labor Unions: formed to bargain for better working conditions, higher pay, and threatened strikes.
Factory owners came to the realization that healthy, happy, and somewhat well-paid employees meant a productive workforce
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o The middle class became substantially bigger.
o The standard of living increases and Public Education becomes more accessible.
o Social Mobility – the ability for a person to work their way up from one social class to the next.
o 1807 – Slave trade is abolished – no new slaves were transported (legally) from Africa, ownership of existing slaves continued
o 1833 – Britain outlaws slavery all together.
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Labor Unions
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The Revolution SPREAD!!!
Belgium
France
Germany
Japan
AND… the United States
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Lastly…..• Democracy began developing in Britain and the
United States due to enlightenment ideals. Both
would eventually (after WWII) create mixed-
economies. Meaning, they combined pure-
capitalism with socialism.
• In Russia, reform was non-existent with absolute
rule. Marxist ideas grew popular among a small
group of urban intellectuals, who would later lead
a workers revolution and create a communist
state.