Industrial Innovations

8.H.3.2 Explain how changes brought about by technology and other

innovations affected individuals and groups in North Carolina and the United

States.

The Industrial Revolution

• Movement to replace human labor with machines (industrialization)

Sectionalism in America

• America began to divide as a result of industrialization– North – Industrial– West – “Breadbasket” of the country– South – Cotton and Slavery

Why is America successful in Industrializing?

• 1. Rich, Fertile Soil• 2. Unused western lands• 3. Stable legal and political systems• 4. Capitalism, Free market economy• 5. Language (shared with England, leader

of Industrial Revolution)

Transportation

• Steam Power– James Watt invents steam engine– Robert Fulton invents steamship

• “Clermont”• Could go “up stream”

•How does this change transportation?

James Watt

Transportation

• Railroads– The “Iron Horse”

• 1830 – America has 13 miles of rail• 1850 – 9000 miles of rail• 1860 – 31,000 miles of rail

Railroad and Steamship Effects

1. Spurred further Industrial Growth

2. New Jobs created

3. Boosted agriculture and fishing industries

4. People able to take distant city jobs

5. People able to travel further distances

Transportation

• Canals– Erie Canal – connected Hudson River to the

Great Lakes– Opened trade between the Northeast and the

Midwest– Took 8 years to build (1817-1825)– Cost $7 million ($131,040,337.86 today)

Warm-up1. Based on the innovations discussed yesterday,

of which was the most important to you and why?

2. We focused largely on the positive aspects of the Industrial Revolution. Can you think of any

negative consequences/side effects that occurred?

“Yankee Ingenuity”

• New Inventions– Eli Whitney, Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Parts– John Deere, Steel Plow– Cyrus McCormick, Mechanical Reaper– Samuel Morse, Telegraph– Isaac Singer, Sewing Machine

The mechanical reaperThe mechanical reaper: Speed,

efficiency, less work

Sewing Machine – Invented in 1843 by Isaac M. Singer

• Isaac was born in1811 in Pittstown, New York to German Jewish Immigrants

• He earned millions with this invention

Telegraph• In 1844, Samuel Morse demonstrates his telegraph

by sending a message to Baltimore from the chambers of the Supreme Court in Washington, DC. The message, "What hath God wrought?," marks the beginning of a new era in communication.

• The telegraph used dots and dashes to send messages over electric lines. These dots and dashes became known as Morse Code.

-Whitney’s machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making

cotton production profitable for the southern states.

Life in the South during the Industrial Revolution

• The “Cotton Kingdom”– Wholly Rural– Plantation Economy – economy based on large

farms– Reliant entirely on northern manufacturing– Economy based on Cotton and Slavery

• 1830 – 35% of southerners owned slaves• 1860 – 26% of southerners owned slaves