Magda El-Sherbini

Middle East & Islamic Librarian

The Ohio State University Library

Improve Discoverability of Non-Roman

Materials

Hosted by ALCTS

Association for Library Collections & Technical Services

Wednesday, April 18, 2018

2:00 PM – 3:00 PM (Eastern)

▪ Background

▪ OSU –Multilingual Subject Headings▪ Objectives and opportunities

▪ Pilot Project

▪ Remarks

▪ Next steps

Image is from

Agenda

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Background

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▪ Ron Davies (2003) “Models for Multilingual Subject Access in Online Library Catalogues: The ILO Experience” (paper presented at the annual conference of the European Library Automation Group, Bern, Switzerland, April 2–4.

▪ Elhanan Adler/ 2010 “Multilingual and Multiscript Subject Access: The Case of Israel,” IFLA Council and General Conference, Jerusalem, Israel (August 13–18, 2000), http://archive.ifla.org/ IV/ifla66/papers/035-130e.htm (accessed September 22.

▪ mapping Korean names and subjects to their English counterparts is very difficult due to different linguistic structures and sociocultural norms.

▪ Junli Diao & Haiyun Cao. (2016) “Chronology in Cataloging Chinese Archaeological Reports: An Investigation of Cultural Bias in the Library of Congress Classification.” CCQ Volume 54, no. 4

LCSH and Other Cultures

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A times, the terms used in the LCSH are not ▪

equivalent in meaning to those in other languages. (Weheba, 2012):

LCSH and Non-English

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Koran -- Seven Successive Readings

Koran -- Three Completing Readings

Koran -- Ten Readings

Koran -- Fourteen Readings

Koran -- Irregular Readings

Koran -- Forged Readings

Koran -- Interpolated Readings

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naql al-a’da’

Transferring organ

▪ The ALCTS Steering Committee to Oversee the Implementation of the Recommendations Contained in the Report of the ACLTS Task Force on Non-English Access 2007-2009

▪ http://www.ala.org/alcts/sites/ala.org.alcts/files/content/ianda/nonenglish/0510_final_report.pdf

Origins of my project

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▪Assign the ALCTS Subject Analysis Committee (SAC) to work with appropriate library organization, to study the needs of library users for multilingual subject access in the appropriate script(s), and to propose steps to address those needs

Recommendation#11Charge

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▪ Extremely vague.

▪ Too broad.

▪A research project that might never be completed.

▪ Is outside SAC’s scope. SAC doesn’t do much research on end users or their needs.

▪ Promote research on the non-English subject access.

Issues with the Charge

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▪ Promote research on the non-English subject access.

▪An Assessment of the Need to Provide Non-Roman Subject Access to the Library Online Catalog. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. Volume 49, Issue 6, 2011.

Research

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▪ End users were not completely dissatisfied with the current library catalog;

▪ End users and librarians want a system that is more open to multilingual subject headings;

▪Highlighted areas of opportunity for libraries to make significant improvements to the catalog.

Key Findings of Research

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▪ Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Research Grant

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User’s ability to search materials by ▪

subject in three languages and different scripts.

Result

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Extensive work has been done to manually map ▪

concepts from different knowledge organization systems (LSCH, Rameau, and Arabic Subject headings), which is a tedious and expensive process

Mapping depends on the cataloger’s ▪

understanding of the concepts in these three languages

Sometimes the concepts can be used to mean ▪

something else in different languages

A Few Comments on BA

Processing

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OSU –Multilingual Subject

Headings – Project:

Objectives, Limitations and

Opportunities

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▪Users' ability to search the library catalogue by subject terms in their preferred languages, e.g., Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, etc. No need to translate or transliterate.

▪ Sharing worldwide.

▪Ability to link to external resources via URI

▪Users' ability to see and link to other subjects in different languages.

Project’s Objectives:

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▪ System (ILS)

▪Workflow (OCLC/OSU/OhioLink)

▪ The LC Subject Authority File

▪ The structure of LCSH and other international thesauri

Facts about the system (Limitations)

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Opportunity #1

RDA and Resource Discovery

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RDA was written with “Internationalization” in mind

RDA and Internationalization

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Example of Arabic Name

010 n 91088637

040 DLC ǂb eng ǂc DLC ǂd OCoLC

1001 Abd El-Nasser, Gamal, ǂd 1953-

4001 Abd El-Naser, Gamal, ǂd 1953-

4001 ʻAbd al-Nasir, Jamal, ǂd 1953-

عبد الناصر، جمال 40011004عبد الناصر، جمال، ǂd 1953-

ג׳מאל, עבד אל־נאצר 4001667 Machine-derived non-Latin script reference project.

667 Non-Latin script references not evaluated.

670 Modern Egyptian stories, 1989: ǂb t.p. (Dr. Gamal Abd El-Nasser) p. 13, etc. (Gamal Abd El-Naser; b. 1953 in El-Minya [Upper Egypt])

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Example for Korean name

010 ▪ n 85329170

040 ▪ DLC ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc DLC ǂd DLC ǂd OCoLC ǂd InU

046 ▪ ǂf 1955

1001 ▪ Kim, Ik-tu, ǂd 1955-

4001 ▪ 김익두, ǂd 1955-

4001 ▪ 김익두, ǂd 1955-

667 ▪ Machine-derived non-Latin script reference project.

667 ▪ Non-Latin script references not evaluated.670 ▪ Nammin, 1985: ǂb colophon (Kim Ik-tu) p. 11 (b. 1955)

670 ▪ Pʻansori, ku chigo u i sinchʻe chollyak, 2003: ǂb t.p. (Kim Ik-tu) front flap (b. 1955; grad., Chonbuktae TaehagwonKungmunkwa; prof., Chonbuktae Kungmunkwa)

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Examples

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Opportunity #2

The OCLC FAST (Faceted

Application of Subject Terminology)

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It is a:

simple syntax▪

easy to understand, control▪

support faceted retrieval ▪

opportunity to link the Non Roman terms to ▪

FAST

However, there are some differences

between “FAST” and the Non-Roman terms (due to differences in Non-Roman language structure)

FAST Terms

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Objective #1

Users' ability to search the library

catalogue by subject terms in

their preferred languages, e.g.,

Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, etc.

No need to translate or

transliterate.

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The Pilot Project Started in

February, 2015

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▪MARC 21 field 6xx with the second indicator 7.

Adjust and request some MARC fields

to be indexed in the online catalog

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▪ All catalog records must include FAST subject terms as well as LSCH

▪ Structure the Non-Roman terms based on FAST structure

▪ When the term is taken from a Subject Thesaurus, use $2 to indicate that the source of the subject is specified.

▪ If the subject term is equivalent to the FAST term, the cataloguer links them

▪ When the term is not in the subject headings list, add locally assigned term in $2 local/OSU

▪ Use OCLC as usual

Established Basic Guidelines and Training

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▪ Autoridades de la Biblioteca Nacional de España (Madrid: BibliotecaNacional de España)

▪ Sharing 국가서지:도서(서지), 온라인자료, 기사색인및주제명, 저자명, 그리고도서관정보 Linked Open Data에대한탐색서비스를만나보세요!

▪ Ndlsh : governed by Japan National Diet Library and freely available (http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndla)

▪ List of Chinese Subject Terms from the National Central Library of Taiwan : http://catld.ncl.edu.tw/index.jsp (國家圖書館鏈結資源 = National Library Link Resources)

Non-Roman Subject Heading tools to use

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Examples

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Example of the local subject

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Searching the OSU Catalog

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Objective #2

Sharing worldwide.

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Searching OCLC by Subject in

the Preferred Language

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Searching the Arabic Subject Headings in OCLC

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Select

Search

WorldCat

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Searching the Chinese Subject Heading in OCLC

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Objective # 3

Ability to link to external resources via

URI Using MARC 6xx subfield $0

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RDA and LRM

FRBR-Library Reference Model

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While entities, and the relationships between them, provide the

structure of the model, attributes are what gives flesh to the

description of an instance of an entity. The logical repeatability or

non-repeatability of attributes is not prescribed by the model.

There are basically two ways to represent an attribute in an

actual implementation:

an attribute can be represented as a mere literal (a string, a

number...): this is what OWL regards as “datatype properties”;

an attribute can be represented as a URI pointing to an external

source (a referential or normative document of any kind, such as an authority file, or a list of coded values), in which case it could

have been modelled as a relationship rather than a mere

attribute, but the model is meant to remain agnostic as to the way it is to be implemented: this is what OWL regards as “object

properties”.

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Objective # 4 (Future!!)

Users' ability to see and link to

other subjects in different

languages.

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Chinese

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▪Achieved the 4 Objectives

▪A possibility to create a non-Roman subject authority center.

▪A possibility of developing resource sharing and cooperation on a global scale.

▪ The need to establish procedures for creating standard forms for non-Roman subject headings.

Remarks

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Planning to ▪ add non-Roman Subject Headings for legacy records.

Add other languages, such as Slavic, ▪

German and French

Future: Linking the Non▪ -Roman subject headings to the LCSH or FAST through the authority record

Next steps

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Virtual International Subject Authority File

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VIAF VISAF

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▪Arabic: 1004228552 ; 1000161624

▪ Korean: 213262786 ; 244177797

▪Chines: 956526593

▪ English: 34473672

▪ Spanish:783310925

▪ Spanish: 52128023

Records in OCLC

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شكرا جزيلا

고맙습니다 ขอขอบคณ Danke Dziękuję

תודה شکریہ 谢谢 gracias

Ευχαριστώ çox sağ ol cảm ơn bạnteşekkür ederim متشکرم

አመሰግናለሁ

Je vous remercie

Hvala vam

Thank You!

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Questions?

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