Impact of Hypertension and Diabetes on Kidneys

Hypertension and How it Effects your Kidneys

What is hypertension?

A common, long term, condition

Narrowing of blood vessels; increasing resistance to blood flow

When hearth pumps blood through the narrow vessels, blood pressure goes up

Categories of Hypertension

Causes of hypertension• Primary hypertension

95% of causes of hypertension is unknown.

• Secondary hypertension

5% is caused by an underlined condition such as: Sleep Apnea, Kidney problems, Adrenal gland tumors,

Thyroid problems, Birth defects, Certain medications, Illegal drugs (cocaine and amphetamines), Poor diet, Alcohol, and Smoking use

Risk Factors

Increasing Age Common in men Common in African-Americans Tends to run in families Overweight and obese Inactive lifestyle Smoker/excessive alcohol High intake of sodium Stress Certain chronic conditions (kidney dieses, diabetes, and sleep apnea)

Complications of Uncontrolled Hypertension

Damage of arteries

Enlargement of the Heart

Heart Failure

Stroke

Visual Disturbances

Sexual Dysfunction

KIDNEY FAILURE

What is Kidney Failure?

A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.

Stages of Kidney Failure

Aftermath of Kidney Failure

Dialysis

3-4 hour treatments, 3-4 days per week

Effects lifestyle, ability to work, family dynamics, body image, decreases energy

Prevention

Lifestyle Modifications Healthy diet, daily exercise, and clean social habits

Diet

ALL VEGETABLES• Avoid potatoes and

French fries.

WHOLE GRAINS• Brown rice• Whole Wheat Bread• Whole Wheat Pasta• Limit white rice and

white bread.

HEALTHY PROTEIN• Chicken• Fish• Avoid red meat, cold cuts,

and all processed meats!

All fruits are healthy choices.

At least 8 cups of water a day.

Exercise

30 mins a day of exercise or brisk walking

Join a gym if feasible

Social Habits

Decrease alcohol Intake

White Wine vs Red Wine

Social Habits Smoking Cessation

Chantix Nicotine Patch Decrease in Cigarettes or Cigars until you reach ‘0’

per day

Social Habits

Meditation De-stress tactics

Social Habits

Avoid Fast Food Choose the right path by making healthier decisions.

Medication Compliance

Take medications as prescribed

Getting prescriptions refilled in a timely fashion

Do not miss doses

Do not double up on a dose if a dose is missed

Monitor Blood Pressure routinely

Keep a log of your blood pressure & take with you to appointments.

Impact of Diabetes on the Body

ØDiabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin

ØThe 2 most common types:

1. Type 1

2. Type 2

What is diabetes?

Types of Diabetes

ØType 1• Usually diagnosed in

children and young adults.• The body is not able to

make insulin.

ØType 2• This type occurs because the

body does not use enough insulin or use the insulin properly.

Mechanisms of Diabetes

Ø Diabetes is due to one of two mechanisms:

1. Insufficient production of insulin 

2. Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin.

Common Causes of Diabetes?

ØFactors you can control:

• Poor lifestyle

• Obesity

• Unhealthy diet

• Gestational Diabetes

What Causes Diabetes? (cont’d)

ØFactors that you cannot control:

• Hereditary • Auto-Immune• Increasing Age

Complications of Diabetes

ØEye problems, such as Retinopathies

ØHeart disease

ØStroke

ØKidney disease

ØNerve damage

ØFoot problems

Diabetes and Eye Problems

ØDamage of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, fingers, feet and eyes.

ØScar tissue and detached retina.

Ø“sugar cataracts”

Diabetes and Heart Disease

ØPlaque formation in blood vessels leads to narrow vessels

Ø Improper circulation of blood will lead to a heart attack

Ø Individuals with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to have a heart attack than those without the disease (CDC, 2017).

Diabetes and Nerve Damage

ØDiabetes affects nerve fibers in the body, mainly the ones in the legs and feet.

ØNerve damage causes numbness and tingling.

Diabetes and Kidney Disease

ØDiabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in adults in the U.S. (CDC, 2017).

Ø Injured blood vessels in kidneys are unable to filter blood properly.

ØWeight gain and ankle swelling from retention of excess water and salt.

ØProtein may build–up in the urine, and waste materials will build up in the blood.

Signs of Kidney Disease

ØEarly Signs• Increased excretion of

albumin in the urine.

• Weight gain and ankle swelling may occur.

• Elevated blood pressure

Ø Late Signs • Nausea, vomiting, a loss

of appetite

• Weakness, increasing fatigue, itching, muscle cramps (especially in your legs)

• Anemia (a low blood count). 

Prevention of Diabetes

ØManage your diabetes by ABC

• A for A1C Test. Average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. The goal is below 7%.

• B for Blood PressureThe blood pressure goal is below 140/90 mm Hg.

• C for CholesterolMonitor your cholesterol levels. The goal is less than 70-100.

Managing Diabetes ØKeep all your appointments

ØBring a log of your blood glucose readings as ordered by your provider

ØMake sure you visit your eye and foot provider yearly, and if you notice any changes (i.e. blurred vision, double vision) every year

ØUse all medications as prescribed

ØLifestyle and diet change with your provider

ØExercise at least 3 times a week for 30 mins per day

ØDental Check-up

Conclusion

Get healthy and stay healthy

Live a better lifestyle

Make healthier food choices

Make time for yourself and exercise.

Take your medications as prescribed

Share your knowledge with someone else

References

ØAmerican Heart Association. (2017). Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Diabetes/WhyDiabetesMatters/Cardiovascular-Disease-Diabetes_UCM_313865_Article.jsp#.WqINaejwbIU

ØCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Diabetic Basics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/research/index.html