ImmigrationChapter 6.1

Statue of Liberty Statue Symbols:

Torch : liberty

Crown: seven seas and seven continents

Chains: freedom from tyranny (end of slavery)

Book: July 4, 1776 Independence Day

Emma Lazarus Poem: “Give me you tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”

Coming to America

Plentiful land

Jobs

Opportunity for better

life

Europe

Economic Troubles (poverty &

overcrowding)

Push Factors (reasons to leave) Pull Factors(reasons to come)

Travelling Steerage

Hunger (famine such as

Irish Potato Famine)

Persecution(discriminate for being different

such as the Jews)

Push & Pull Factors

Immigration to America1820-1920 Germany 5,500,000 Ireland 4,400,000 Italy 4,190,000 Austria-Hungary 3,700,000 Russia 3,250,000 England 2,500,000

What countries are preferred by Americans?What countries are not acceptable to Nativists?

How did immigration change in the late 19th Century? Eastern and Southern Europe

(80% of new immigrants) Russians, Hungarians and Poles Italians, Greeks and Portuguese

Different Religions Most were either Catholics and Jews

Unfamiliar languages and cultural beliefs Chinese and Japanese were the most different

Ellis Island Arrival off steamship

Family Arrives at Ellis Island

Ellis Island Inspection

Medical Inspections at Ellis Island

SlavicImmigrant

Jewish Immigrant

North AfricanImmigrant

Statue of Liberty from Ellis Island

The Golden Door – Land of Opportunity

Angel Island

Angel Island Detention Centers 175,000 immigrants

Asian Immigrants

What was the journey like to America on a steamship across the Atlantic? Ocean voyage of 12 days Traveled “steerage” – cheapest ticket Placed on the lower decks

(inside the ship without windows) Most entered through Ellis Island near NYC

Needed to pass health inspection Asked a series of questions

What is the Nativist Movement? WASP (W... Anglo-Saxon P…) People who opposed immigration and attempted to restrict

immigrants from certain countries (“Know Nothing Party” and the KKK)

What is its opinion on immigration? Against the “new” immigrants who were different Against foreign languages, unfamiliar religions

and distinctive customs

Immigration Political Cartoon 1

Immigration Political Cartoon #2

How did these laws and agreements restrict immigration? Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the US for 10 years (renewed in 1892 and 1902)

Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan 1907 Limits number of Japanese immigrants

Immigration Act of 1917 Required immigrants to pass a literacy test

Immigration Political Cartoon #3

Political Cartoon #4

Is Immigration in the 19th Century good for America?

Yes Hard workers Economy needs

workers, economy grows

Skilled workers Diversity (food, music,

dress,art…) Would you be here?

No Take everyone’s

jobs Increased crime? Different culture

(language, religion, dress, lifestyle)

Low pay for jobs Too many people

Is America a melting pot?

Urbanization

Brooklyn Bridge (Today and 1900)

Pell Bridge in Newport1600ft

Galloping Gertie (Tacoma Narrows)

Longest Bridges in the World (Today)

Rank Bridge Location Feet Completed

1 Akashi Kaikyo Hyogo, Japan 6,529 1998

2 Izmit Bay Marmara Sea, Turkey 5,472 UC

3 Storebaelt Denmark 5,328 1998

4 Humber Humberside, England 4,626 1981

5 Jiangyin Yangtze River, China 4,543 1999

6 Tsing Ma Hong Kong 4,518 1997

7 Verrazano-Narrows Lower New York Bay 4,260 1964

8 Golden Gate San Francisco Bay 4,200 1937

9 Hoga Kusten Stockholm, Sweden 3,969 1997

10 Mackinac Mackinac Straits, Mich. 3,800 1957

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Kobe, Japan)

Eads Bridge

Woolworth Building, NYC“cathedral to

commerce”

Tallest Buildings Today

Dubai

Burj Khalifa2700 feet tall160 floors

Chrysler Building NYC

Singapore Flyer 541 feet tall 28 capsules

Central Park, NYCOlmstead

Frederick Law Olmsted and the Capitol Building Grounds

Urbanization 1. Growth a. What are the major cities in the United States that

experienced growth? New York (1), Detroit, Chicago (2) (80% immigrants) Philadelphia (3), St. Louis (4), Boston (5), Providence (20) Other fast growing cities – Pittsburgh, Cleveland, San Francisco

b. Who moved into the cities? Immigrants Native born Americans farmers African-Americans

American Cities in 1900

Rank Place Population1 New York, N.Y. 3,437,202

2 Chicago, Ill. 1,698,575

3 Philadelphia, Pa. 1,293,697

4 St. Louis, Mo. 575,238

5 Boston, Mass. 560,892

6 Baltimore, Md. 508,957

7 Cleveland, Ohio 381,768

8 Buffalo, N.Y. 352,387

9 San Francisco, Calif. 342,782

10 Cincinnati, Ohio 325,902

13 Detroit, Mich. 285,704

American Cities in

1920Rank Place Population

1 New York, N.Y. 5,620,048

2 Chicago, Ill. 2,701,705

3 Philadelphia, Pa. 1,823,779

4 Detroit, Mich. 993,078

5 Cleveland, Ohio 796,841

6 St. Louis, Mo. 772,897

7 Boston, Mass. 748,060

8 Baltimore, Md. 733,826

9 Pittsburgh, Pa. 588,343

10 Los Angeles, Calif. 576,673

American Cities in

1940Rank Place Population

1 New York, N.Y. 7,454,995

2 Chicago, Ill. 3,396,808

3 Philadelphia, Pa. 1,931,334

4 Detroit, Mich. 1,623,452

5 Los Angeles, Calif. 1,504,277

6 Cleveland, Ohio 878,336

7 Baltimore, Md. 859,100

8 St. Louis, Mo. 816,048

9 Boston, Mass. 770,816

10 Pittsburgh, Pa. 671,659

American Cities Today (2005) Place Population

New York, N.Y. 8,143,197

Los Angeles, Calif. 3,844,829

Chicago, Ill. 2,842,518

Houston, Tex. 2,016,582

Philadelphia, Pa. 1,463,281

Phoenix, Ariz. 1,461,575

San Antonio, Tex. 1,256,509

San Diego, Calif. 1,255,540

Dallas, Tex. 1,213,825

San Jose, Calif. 912,332

Rank

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

c. What difficulties or problems did cities face with rapid growth? Waste:

garbage and horse manure on streets sewers overflowed with human waste

Health Problems Contagious diseases spread (tuberculosis) baby deaths rise (whooping cough, diphtheria, measles)

Poverty homeless gangs and crime

Fire

GILDED AGE: What was meant by the term Gilded Age? Gilded – covered with a thin layer of gold A small group of super rich people A huge group of poor people

City Life: Poor (tenement)

City Life:

Middle Class

City Life: Very Rich

4. New Technology (Bigger is better!)

skyscraper

4. New Technology (Bigger is better!)

bridges

4. New Technology (Bigger is better!)

entertainment

4. New Technology (Bigger is better!)

parks

Progressives

Fighting Corruption a. What is corruption?

b. What are political machines? ______

c. Who is Boss Tweed?

CorruptionPolitical Machines & Boss Tweed Thomas Nast

Spoils System

Spoils System Pendelton Act 1883

Monopoly

Monopoly Sherman Anti-Trust 1890

Railroads

Railroad Oligopoly Interstate Commerce Act 1887 & ICC

Food Mukrakers & Upton Sinclair The Jungle

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