Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
1/80
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
2/80
Concepts of ICT
Proper Handling of Computers
Keyboard and Mouse Operation
Windows Environment
ile Management
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
3/80
CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION ANDCONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
4/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
"# Online opinion
What is Data?What is Data?
Refers to the facts and figuresrelating to events that takeplace
refers to things known
a collection of independent rawfacts, numbers, letters, symbols
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
5/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
"# Online opinion
What is Information?What is Information?
Information is data that is mademeaningful based on the needs of theuser through manipulation.
A computer can only processdata and create new data.
he data have to beinterpreted to yield theinformation
1 + 1 = 2
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
6/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
"# Online opinion
D sira!" #$a"iti s of InformationD sira!" #$a"iti s of Information
Relevance
!ompleteness
imeliness
Accuracy
!ost "ffective
R E L E
V A N C
E
C O M P L E T E N
E S S
TIMELINESS
A C C U R
A C Y
C O S T E F F E C T I V E
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
7/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
"# Online opinion
Data Pro% ssin& Con% 'tsData Pro% ssin& Con% 'ts
Input-Process-Output ModelRefers to a conceptual framework wherein input in theform of data is processed which would result in the
generation of an output in the form of information .
PROCESS
DATA INFORMATION
INPUT OUTPUT
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
8/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Data Pro% ssin& C(%" sData Pro% ssin& C(%" s
Flow o d!t! ro"t#e "o"ent $t $s
recorded unt$l t#et$"e $t %eco"es !
us!%le p$ece o
$n or"!t$on
Or$&$n!t$on
InputPrep!r!t$on
Process$n&
OutputPrep!r!t$on
Stor!&e
Feed%!c'
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
9/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
"# Online opinion
What is Information T %hno"o&(?What is Information T %hno"o&(?
In or"!t$on Tec#nolo&( )IT* is the totality ofmeans employed to systematically collect, process,store, present, and share information, in support of
human intellectual activities.
Information echnology is also known asIn or"!t$on !nd Co""un$c!t$ons Tec#nolo&()ICT*
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
10/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
What is Comm$ni%ationWhat is Comm$ni%ation
T %hno"o&(?T %hno"o&(?he electronic transfer of information from one location toanother
#A A !$%%&'I!A I$'( or #A A!$% refers to digitaltransmission.
")"!$%%&'I!A I$'( or ")"!$% refers to a mi* ofvoice and data, both analog and digital
'" +$R I'- refers specifically to )A'sand +A's. ransmission of informationover the network
WANWAN
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
11/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
What is Com'$t r?What is Com'$t r?
!omputer is an electronic data processing machinecapable of performing mathematical and logicaloperations and processing large volumes of data at
high speed
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
12/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Ca'a!i"iti s of Com'$t r Ca'a!i"iti s of Com'$t r
Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations
Ability to store and retrieve information
Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasksaccurately
!an communicate with its operators and othermachines.
!apable of remote processing
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
13/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Limitations of Com'$t r Limitations of Com'$t r
Information is provided by a human being
!an detect but cannot correct an inaccurate entryby itself
(ub ect to occasional breakdown
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
14/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Com'$t r S(st m Com'on ntsCom'$t r S(st m Com'on nts
D!t!w!re
he systematic and organi/ed collection of data and proceduresrelevant to the organi/ation
Peoplew!rehe personnel who manage the "#0 system, who design
applications, who write and encode the programs
+!rdw!re
he computer and all of its physical components such as disk
drives, printer, input terminals So tw!re
he non1physical components such as computer programs,computer language and operating system
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
15/80
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
16/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Th P o'" )arTh P o'" )ar
0ersonnel involved in the design, development,installation and maintenance of computer
C f f i d C i i l
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
17/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Th Har*)arTh Har*)ar
Refers to the e2uipment3devices that make thecomputer system perform one or more functions
!omputer and all of its other physical components
Funct$on!l Co"ponents
Input #evices
$utput #evices
!entral 0rocessing &nit
(econdary (torage &nit
#ata !ommunication #evices
C f I f i d C i i T ! l
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
18/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
In'$t D +i% sIn'$t D +i% s
4andle the entering in of programs and datathrough the keyboard or other input devices
, (!oar* Mo$s -o(sti%. an* )h " To$%h S%r n
St("$s an* Di&ita" P n
Di&ita" Cam ra an* W ! Cam ra
S%ann r
/ar Co* R a* r
Image source: Discovering Computers 2008
C t f I f ti d C i ti T ! l
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
19/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
O$t'$t D +i% sO$t'$t D +i% s
ranslate the result of computer processing intohuman readable form through the monitor or printer
Image source: Discovering Computers 2008
C t f I f ti d C i ti T ! l g
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
20/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
C ntra" Pro% ssin& UnitC ntra" Pro% ssin& Unit
4eart of the computer which handles the entireoperation of the systemAlso known as the central processor and sometimesthe brain of the computer system
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
21/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Stora&Stora&
Also known as the secondary memory which servesas the storage area of the computer system
Image source: Discovering Computers 2008
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
22/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Th Parts of th Com'$t r Th Parts of th Com'$t r
image from http://www.pcguide.com/intro/over.htm
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
23/80
Th Parts of th Com'$t r Th Parts of th Com'$t r
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
24/80
Th Parts of th Com'$t r Th Parts of th Com'$t r
00Internal Parts of System Unit Internal Parts of System Unit 11
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
25/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
Th Soft)arTh Soft)ar
Refers to the non1physical components, such as theoperating system and the machine coded instructionsthat direct and control the different hardware
facilities
ypes of (oftware(ystem (oftware
Application (oftware
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
26/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
S(st m Soft)arS(st m Soft)ar
0rovides an interface between the programmers and operatorsand between the hardware system and the applicationsoftware
$perating (ystems(upervises the overall operation of the computer, controls the
flow of programs in and out of the system, switchesinput3output machines and calls program from storage
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
27/80
Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology
A''"i%ation Soft)arA''"i%ation Soft)ar
Refers to programs designed to perform specific dataprocessing tasks for a particular application
&sually written by the vendor or user that contains the logic to
update and maintain a company5s records or files to ease theburden of day1to1day operation of the company
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
28/80
Pro' r Us of Com'$t rsPro' r Us of Com'$t rs
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
29/80
ErgonomicsErgonomicsThe science of designing e uipment for a comforta!"e
and safe wor#ing environment.
$roper Computer Ergonomics$ro per Computer Ergonomics
%it up straight and "ean forward s"ight"& from the waist.'eep &our feet f"at on the f"oor.
(our !od& shou"d !e a!out a hand)s "ength from the front ofthe #e&!oard and centered with the #e&!oard.
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
30/80
$"ace a"" materia"s &ou wi"" t&pe on the right side of$"ace a"" materia"s &ou wi"" t&pe on the right side ofthe computer and supp"ies on the "eft side.the computer and supp"ies on the "eft side.
'eep an& items &ou are not using off &our des#.'eep an& items &ou are not using off &our des#.
*ccasiona""& rest &our e&es and ta#e short !rea#s.*ccasiona""& rest &our e&es and ta#e short !rea#s.
+void "ights that cause g"are on the monitor.+void "ights that cause g"are on the monitor.
Proper $se of Computers
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
31/80
'eep &our fingers on the home row #e&s and curved.
'eep &our wrists up, not touching the #e&!oard or des#.
-ocus &our e&es on the !oo#, cop& or screen.
p $ p
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
32/80
p p
2DT S(n*rom2DT S(n*rom 6# (yndrome
Is health problem caused by wrong use of thecomputer and once
VDT's (Visual Display Terminals) place a significant levelof strain on our eyes. Anyone who uses one often canattest to this fact. In some studies, up to 80% of VDTusers report !omputer Vision "yndrome symptoms ofeyestrain. The reason for this prevalence comes from#oth ergonomic and physiologic factors.
$http &&www.visionarts.ca&vdtuse.htm
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
33/80
p p
2DT S(n*rom s2DT S(n*rom s
6# (yndromes are as follows. Carpal tunnel syndrome 7 0ain at the hand and thewrist and fingers become numbed.
Myofascial pain syndrome 7 (tiffness or sharp painat the back of neck, shoulder or waist. Turtle neck syndrome 7 8orms a bent back posewith head forward.
Visual system indisposition syndrome
7 )oss ofsights or develop eye diseases like keratitis orcon unctivitis.
.
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
34/80
Pr + ntin& 2DTPr + ntin& 2DT
Ergonomics is the science of designing e uipment of asafe and comforta!"e wor#ing environment. ComputerErgonomics is a!out things that &ou can do to ma#ewor#ing on a computer more comforta!"e and safer for&our !od&.
Ergonomic factors are now fair"& we"" understood !&most DT users: have a comforta!"e chair, good "ighting
free of g"are , ua"it& monitor with high refresh rate,etc.
p p
http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
35/80
Pr + ntin& 2DTPr + ntin& 2DT
)ower the monitor and increase room humidity. 0lace the computer 9:;
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
36/80
Pr + ntin& 2DTPr + ntin& 2DT
0reventing 6# !lean the monitors to prevent reflection from stains
or dusts.
&se blinds or curtains to prevent from monitor toreflect lights.
)ower the brightness of the monitor. Avoid colors that provokes the eyes.
(it properly at the chair with your back straight andbody close to the desk. 8eet should be placed on the floor and rela*ed. #o
not cross your legs..
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
37/80
2DT Pr + ntion Dai"( E3 r%is2DT Pr + ntion Dai"( E3 r%is
Arm "*ercise +rist "*ercise (houlder "*ercise
'eck "*ercise+hole >ody "*ercise
Proper $se of Computers
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
38/80
Pro' r Wor.station D si&nPro' r Wor.station D si&n
9. 0osition in a well1ventilated room.
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
39/80
Pro' r Wor.station D si&nPro' r Wor.station D si&n
http733www.funonthenet.in3images3stories3forwards3correctB
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
40/80
Goo* Post$rGoo* Post$r
http733www.funonthenet.in3images3stories3forwards3correctB
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
41/80
Goo* Post$rGoo* Post$r
http733www.funonthenet.in3images3stories3forwards3correctB
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
42/80
Goo* Post$rGoo* Post$r
http733www.funonthenet.in3images3stories3forwards3correctB
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
43/80
Goo* Wor.in& Ha!itsGoo* Wor.in& Ha!its
ap on the keys3mouse buttons gently.
Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.
C ake short stretch breaks, ideally every
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
44/80
MOUSE AND ,EY/OARDMOUSE AND ,EY/OARD
OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
Mouse and Keyboard Operations
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
45/80
Mo$s O' rationsMo$s O' rations
+ mouse is a handhe"d pointing device for computers. It is fittedwith one or more !uttons and shaped to fit natura""& under thehand, and is used to se"ect and move o!1ects on the screen.
Mouse Pointer : *ften in the form of an arrow, represents themovement of the mouse or an& pointing device on the screen.
sed to point to se"ected areas, icons, app"ications, te3t, o!1ects,etc.
Mouse and Keyboard Operations
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
46/80
Mo$s O' rationsMo$s O' rations
Point . 4oving the mouse to the desired "ocation and pointing to the o!1ect. Click . $ressing the "eft mouse !utton Double Click . $ressing the "eft mouse !utton twice. sed to start or open an
app"ication Drag . 5o"ding down the "eft mouse !utton whi"e moving the mouse Click and Drag . +ction for high"ighting a se"ection. $oint the mouse !utton at
the start of the se"ection, and then c"ic# and drag the mouse to the end of these"ection.
Drag and Drop . +ction for moving an o!1ect or se"ection. C"ic# on the o!1ectand ho"d down the mouse !utton, drag the o!1ect to desired "ocation, and dropto the new destination !& re"easing the mouse !utton.
Mouse and Keyboard Operations
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
47/80
Point rsPoint rs
Different pointers &ou wi"" encounter: Mouse pointer 6orma" +rrow : +ppears if &ou have a mouse
insta""ed and it is used to point or to se"ect a command or o!1ects.
Resizing Arrow : Two7headed arrow that appears at the window !orders to resi e a window.
Insertion Arrow Cursor : The I7!eam that &ou usua""& see when&ou are wor#ing on a document, showing the e3act"ocation/position where &ou can t&pe or insert te3t or graphic.
Mouse and Keyboard Operations
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
48/80
, (!oar*, (!oar*
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
49/80
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
50/80
%oftware
+ set of instructions the computer uses to te"" thehardware what to do 7 7 ena!"es particu"ar tas#s
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
51/80
*perating %&stem
a 9raphica" ser Interface that can run man& programs simu"taneous"& and a""ows its user to
manipu"ate and interact more free"&
indows is the most common
Th D #
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
52/80
The Des#top
Icons
%tart;utton
Tas# ;ar
d
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
53/80
indows
Tit"e ;ar
4inimi e,4a3imi e,C"ose
%tart 4enu
+ctivewindow
Inactivewindow
%cro"" ;ar
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
54/80
%torage Devices
-"opp& Disc
CD
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
55/80
%afet& = Cautions
%afe shut down iruses, sp&ware %cams, hoa3es
%ecurit&, privac&
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
56/80
FILE MANAGEMENTFILE MANAGEMENT
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
57/80
-i"e 4anagement
The operating s&stem provides an organi ationa"structure for the computer)s contents
5ierarchica" structure of directories > Drives
-o"ders(ubfolders
D 8iles
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
58/80
-i"e 4anagement
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
59/80
iewing and %orting
-i"es and -o"ders -"ip?D
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
60/80
iewing and %orting
-i"es and -o"ders Detai"s view
iewing and %orting
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
61/80
@A
iewing and %orting-i"es and -o"ders
BargeIconview
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
62/80
iewing and %orting
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
63/80
iewing and %orting-i"es and -o"ders
Tiles view displays les an d folders as i cons i n list form. Eachicon includes t he lename, the a pplication associated with thele, and the le si ze. The d isplay information is cu stomizable.The Tiles view also displays picture d imensions, a h andy feature
for Web-page developers. List view is another display of even smaller icons and lenames.
This is a g ood view if you have a l ot of content in the folder andneed to see m ost or all of it at once.
Small and M edium Icon vi ews also displays les an d folders asicons in list form, but the i cons are ei ther a sm all or medium sizeand include no other le information than the lename. However,additional le i nformation is d isplayed in a ScreenTip.
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
64/80
6aming -i"es
-i"ename: 6ame assigned p"us fi"ename e3tension Characters not "ega" in
indows fi"enames:
3 E F G H J 7 Character not "ega" in 4ac
fi"enames:7
,$oreport doc
or
,$o report doc
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
65/80
-i"ename E3tensionsExtensionExtension Type of DocumentType of Document ApplicationApplication
.doc.doc Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2003Microsoft Word 2003
.docx.docx Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2007Microsoft Word 2007
.wks.wks Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Works wordMicrosoft Works wordprocessingprocessing
.wpd.wpd Word-processing documentWord-processing document Core Word!erfectCore Word!erfect
.x s.x s "pre#ds$eet"pre#ds$eet Microsoft %xceMicrosoft %xce
.s r.s r "pre#ds$eet"pre#ds$eet Microsoft WorksMicrosoft Worksspre#ds$eetspre#ds$eet
.md&.md& '#t#se'#t#se Microsoft (ccessMicrosoft (ccess
.ppt.ppt !ower!oint !resent#tion!ower!oint !resent#tion Microsoft !ower!ointMicrosoft !ower!oint
.pdf .pdf !ort#& e 'ocument )orm#t!ort#& e 'ocument )orm#t (do&e (crot or (do&e(do&e (crot or (do&e*e#der*e#der
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
66/80
@@
-i"ename E3tensions cont.
ExtensionExtension Type of DocumentType of Document ApplicationApplication.rtf .rtf +ext +ext (n, progr#m t$#t c#n(n, progr#m t$#t c#n
re#d text documentsre#d text documents
.txt.txt +ext +ext (n, progr#m t$#t c#n(n, progr#m t$#t c#nre#d text documentsre#d text documents
.$tm or .$tm.$tm or .$tm We& p#geWe& p#ge ,per+ext M#rkup,per+ext M#rkup#ngu#ge#ngu#ge
.&mp.&mp /itm#p im#ge/itm#p im#ge WindowsWindows
. ip. ip Compressed 1 eCompressed 1 e Win ipWin ip
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
67/80
-i"e $ath
-i"e path: Bocation of the fi"e
You can tell the location of a le by its le path. The le path starts with the
drive in which the le is located, and includes all folders, subfolders (if any), thelename, and extension. For example, if you were saving a picture of EmilyBront for a term paper for an English Comp course, the le path might beC:\My Documents\Spring 2009\English Comp\TermPaper\Illustrations\EBronte.jpg.
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
68/80
or#ing with -i"es
-i"e management actions: > *pen > Cop&
> 4ove > De"ete
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
69/80
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
70/80
ti"it& $rograms %ma"" programs that perform specia" functions:
> 4anage s&stem resources > Create p"easant environment
> Improve efficienc&
Utility p rograms a re small applications t hat perform special functions.Some u tility programs he lp manage syst em resources (such a s di sk d efragmenterutilities), others h elp make your time and work on the computer more pleasant (suchas sc reen savers), and still others improve efficiency ( such as le compressionutilities).
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
71/80
Disp"a& ti"ities
Change the appearance of: > Des#top
> indows co"ors > -ont si es
Inc"udes: > %creen savers > %creen reso"ution > C"ear T&pe
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
72/80
+dd or $rograms cannot simp"& !e de"eted
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
73/80
-i"e Compression ti"ities
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
74/80
%&stem 4aintenance ti"ities Dis# c"eanup: C"eans unnecessar& fi"es
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
75/80
%&stem 4aintenance ti"ities
Dis# defragmenter %canDis#:
> Error7chec#er
Tas# 4anager
Disk d efragmenter utilities regroup related pieces of les together on the hard disk,allowing the OS to work more efficiently. Using the Windows Disk Defragmenter
Analyzer feature, users s hould check their hard drive several times a year.Error-checking, once known as ScanDisk , checks for lost les and fragments a s w ellas p hysical errors on your hard drive. Sometimes E rror-checking can recover the lostdata, but, more often, it deletes t he les t hat are taking up space unnecessarily.If a program on your system has st opped working, you can use the Windows TaskManager utility to check o n the program or to exit the nonresponding program.
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
76/80
%&stem
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
77/80
%&stem ;ac#up
;ac#up > Creates cop& of hard drive to another storage device
Tas# %chedu"er
>
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
78/80
+ctivit& :+ctivit& :
A. Definition of 5ardwareA. Definition of 5ardware
2. Definition *f %oftware2. Definition *f %oftware
?. Definition of C$?. Definition of C$
. Definition of
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
79/80
Acknowledgment
8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software
80/80
End of presentation