Hardware Basics
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Transcript of Hardware Basics
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Hardware BasicsProfessor Pepper
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Major ObjectivesMicroprocessorRAMROM BIOSMotherboardStorage (CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip,
Jump, Tape)Expansion slots and portsMonitor
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Computer Desktop Shopping
Dell website
Comp USA
Buy.com
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Microprocessor theory Clock time (x mhz, x ghz) Word size (x bit) Cache (l1 in chip; l2 close; l3 less close) Instruction set (categories:CISC, RISC; architectures:
IA64,IA-32) Hyper-threading Many processors inside one processor Many separate processors on one board Manufacturer See moodle’s useful sites – hardware for updates
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Microprocessors on the market Intel
i-3, i-5, i-7 Intel Core2 Duo; Extreme; Quad Pentium dual-core; Pentium 1- 4; Pentium M: laptop Celeron : budget
AMD Athlon II X4 Phenom; Turion; Opteron : current Athlon X64 ; old premier Duron, Sempron : old budget
Transmeta Crusoe – tablet
Motorola Power PC – MAC no longer used in mac since OS 10.7
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Microprocessor high needs
3-D animated computer gamesDesktop publishingVideo editing
Upgrading later is usually not cost-effective
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RAMRandom Access MemoryLose it when computer offLike your head’s short term memoryMain measurement is size (Gb, Mb)More than cache, much less than hard driveSpeed (Mhz)Has a type: RDRAM; SDRAM; DDRRAMExpandable limits
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ROM BIOS & CMOSROM BIOS
Read only memory to start up your system No relation to CD-ROM
CMOS Basic hardware path settings Programmable Very low battery needed
Neither usually effect your purchase
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Motherboard
Traffic copEverything connects to itHard disk to RAM to CPU via busMotherboard chipset moves data faster800 MHZ bus last year to
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Storage Introduction
CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Tape, flash drive
Media – holds the data Device - writes and reads the data
• Need drive bays • Need expansion slots
Measures• Versatility of drive• Durability• Speed• Capacity
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DevicesDevice Size Comments
Floppy 1.4 MB Easily damaged; Zip 750 MB Special drivesCD 680 MBDVD 8.5 GB 4.7 single layerBlu-Ray 50GB 100GB in prototype
HD-DVD 30GB 45 GB prototype
Hard disk 80 GB++ Not very portable; quick access; possible crash
Tape 200 GB++ Slow to read; quick to write; sequential
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Hard disk - Magnetic
Notebook – Space Controller
Serial ATA Ultra ATA – 2 x EIDE (UDMA data transfer) EIDE - old SCSI – fast, but expensive
MemorySudden Death – backupSpeed (RPM) vs Access Time (MS)GOOD MOVIE or Hard Disk to RAM
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CD / DVD - OpticalAccess speed – 2x, 24x or kb/secCD-ROM (read only) – just readCD-R(ecordable) – write once ;read by allCD-RW (read /write) – write a lot; read by fewSame for DVD, but it has +/- formats
DVD-RAM : video editingBlu-Ray (Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Thomson,
Hitachi, Matsushita, Pioneer and Philips, Mistubishi and LG Electronics ; supported by Warner Bros.)*
HD-DVD (AOD) (Toshiba and NEC; supported by Paramount and Universal ) *
* Blue Violet Rays insteadof RedLINK TO INFO ON HD-DVD
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Solid State StorageUSB Flash Card Key chain 32 – 512 mb
Compact Flash Card
Camera 8 mb – 1 gb
Multi-media cards Digital camera 32-256 mb
Secure Digital card Mp3 player 32-16 mb
Smart Media (no controller needed, but not
durable)
32-128 mb
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Pointing Devices
Track padTrack ballMousePointing stick (the red knob on a laptop)
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Expansion Slots
ISA – old / modemsPCI –graphics, sound, video, modem, NICACP – graphicsPCMCIA – laptop
Type I – memory Type II – modem, sound, nic Type III – hard drive or two of the other
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Expansion PortsDevice plug Often on expansion card (in expansion slot)Types
Serial – mouse or modem Parallel – printer; external drive USB – lots SCSI – disk drive; cd rom; scanner; tape backup IEEE (firewire) – video camera; DVD player VGA - monitor
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MonitorsGraphics card to give a boostCRT (large, all angles, smaller screen, cheaper) /
LCD (small, full screen) / Plasma (expensive)Resolution – dp (dot pitch –smaller is better)Viewable image sizeColor depth or bit depth (true color is 24)Graphics card
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Terminology
www.webopedia.comwww.hyperdictionary.comMany others
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Diagram
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Computer Desktop Shopping
Dell websiteComp USABuy.comPC purchase exerciseTextbook purchase exercise