IIIi6

4

TrI SUN SUNDAY JUNK 7 ianI

WE MAY LEARN FROM THEM

hUCIIAKD Itttt LABOR QVJUIXOSiI-

MnnMI Adyt U sud WIM Xapi to WeWarkcr-atiua

ZryrLMar 22 The first of Mar WM

witched for throughout all Europe std partkularly France with aaxltty mingled with

orloaltr Aa was the cat Tail year this datewit detlgaed for a simultaneous manlfestalon of fbi laboring masses of alt countries

there wo a cartaln amount of uncer-tainty

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Inrttthe result The dir wastot a general saipenilon of ail

I and devoted entirely to prosloD inI tendid to dlspliy the union discipline or

the worklngman The central order was antlchthonr day and tho common programwaa conHntd to that single claim leavingMid lot the moment the Innumerable doBands and recriminations with which the

cal question II complicated Wlelln MayJ a similar attempt producedremits the failure wits attributed to the tIt ol-

ufflclsnt preparation Consequently the leadnot this years movement took care to mikoclrtIioobjcctand the Intention of the projectd manlfesiatlon carefully to prepareIti plan The aim was not to produce a muddle9t tilrbulfnt demands hit peacefully to dis-play

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the cohesion ot the worklngmon to put I-nn ioprounil tho call for the reduction of aI dIe laor to olght hours and by that wise

t ploco nt tactln tu paTthe way for future vieftprteflJ The results have not cor ooodoli-otbl loUntlon On Ihe contrary hlle

out simply the difference In moral couV11 dillon prrsioled by diverse nation alitlo and

thirollof hotline tint social problem ran boj fd the fame way In oil countries at a

NIclltrioi only remained within thelimit tho Intention of tho programmeJbngmnd and flprininytlie that on account ofH prOtknil spirit and Iho enjoyment of libertyWithout lleonxe tbo socond lu ronM > tuenco ofthjorxajiliitloii and ilw iisoitllar situation ofTeutonic oIaItNm la bulb onmtrlos more

r Ov rthuloaduiH had the wNo Idea of luulnloft the manifestation until Sundaytoldlnn In tbN way tine npllcatlons ot anexiraordlnary stipoaea of work In the middleofthewoak Tho labor proce tlon thus weretransformed Into what we mlelit call SundayCroruonadfS of men women Rod children

S The affair wa devoid of all cbaaotpr of hos> u tllllvond dollnnc toward the employers and

toward the Government

t MAY nAY is LATIN EunortFat different In France Belgium Italy

ant Spain wero the clam of professional

uittarl always ou the watch to makeilluilonn arid impatience of thot

paiple are sure to find tine crowd ready fortbelr exciting harangue As soon ai theBinnlfostatlou bexiia to be prepared thepromoter of dlsoidar went to work to

cbnl to n war cry the rallying cl uf paprogress anti to transform th army of

labor Into an army of revolution Many people-areI astonished that all the Governments ofZuropo do not follow tine simple example ofcomplete freedom given by Kngland and theUlilted I ales Ono easily may ba inclinedto reproach them with Ignoianea in r-

an liberty and with fear of the smallestS

Pla expansions while tboy Incur theangor ot conflicts by tho very measure

Of extreme precaution which they displayhut after all It will be seen that thiscannot be avoided considering the openprovocations and the preparations for battlethat are displayed under their eyesPlaced between two dlmcuitlea It Is impossi-ble

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I for them to know how far tbe thing may goIf theIr toleration would leave a free field forenterprises against the public peace Better

tlel than last year we now can see thattho time has not yet arrived when the na-

tions¬

of the Latin race can hand over tho mobs-to their Ilar The question of mprament IIs w1clculAteto make nstime can evr arl Our populations ot theLatin race possess a hastiness and a mobilityof Impression that placthem at the mercy ofall xoltamenta and ot sit incidents A mer-eDOlhlnsutcH to drive them from calmness

long as they keep cool theycan discern what lshollowlnthefllgnsound-lug

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phrases which promise an instant reno-vation

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of society for their profit But letrumor or a piece of false news skilfully betard or a speech bo delivered calculated to

excite them let an encounter occur betweenthecrowd and the police let the currentof movement meet with any unexpected re-

sistance¬

and Immediately they lose control of-f themselves Whsn dealing with such native

traits of character nobody can say that a daycommenced under the best conditIons may notfinish In a bloody conflict However great m-

althe progress accomplished durlnl the lastrear by France In Ih enjoyment of

republican life progress that I have morethan once before pointed outFrenchmenhave not rot succeeding In totting rid of IthilrOld flary habits It Is the law of the race and-It IU stronger than political education Allthat oUr working classes have acquired lu con-trol

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over tboniaelves In ajutt sentiment oftholr interest and lu discernment betweenthat which can be r0811ldund that which canDot seems to dlfapPMr they catchwhat wt may call the fever of the crowdThosMosst illp9sed to tumult becomesuih circumstances riotous sulTerns fromthe coobudun of madness or fear Withouteven knowing what Is aolnl ou each one Im-itates

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bU neighbor a peaceful manifesta-tion

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beaomaa transformed Into a RIotIt would eam that there exists In the midst

vtI IAIU crowds ft train of powder constantlyready to bo fired no matter whence tine sparkmay come that sots lIt off It may be thatthis coiiioa from the latent Instinct ot distrustand revolt developed by the system ol comDraiidQn and repression which the socalled-

oveinlue classes have used and abused forcenturies Wi this disposition becomecluiuuaJ as tl Joe It > on ttoiulrlng theoollin mt of lplton and learningtbe ways of freedom I cannot say that It willend 40 speak plainly It Is likely that therewill always remain something of It duo partlyto tie character of the population and partly-to second nature which has been createdfor them by secular oppression However theexperIence of the rlof May Is a new warningthat the name method cannot be used every-where

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soil that we cannot judge by tine rleliia-IrOuolln one countiy ot the possible effects

IIInothrEngland the manifestation was confinedton day of processions and speeches and onthe following day the workmen returnedQuietly to their worsliopa On the Continentthe da WON marked by a lit of feverSot yet cooled down the traces ot whichWill be slow to pass away The pacific aullatlon that It was Intendd to create In favor ot-

tli fighthour movement degenerated Ino thepartial dlsoruanlnntlon of labor Poltcllltfersnooi were revived and IIIIId loelil-II all cor After tho conllloiu enrikes came outone after the other Belgium line ilt benthrown Into the most set Ioui crliln thatsehas wlluosuid for recta end lu Franco tine

flritof May will remain an unfortunate untoyiUXCrH BLACK MAY DAY

ltnfe Ihe terrible days of tine Commune therepublican Government mae been foilunate-rnoiifth to bu roe trout Iho linrup of a hlnulxact of bloody ici reH ui Tiout WIt u jirin 112iircorded Itu none ul IIhe pr ivoiin iuimot I

of whirl nt ono tIme or another vvemobi Ignul torall upon the aiiuyI tu tiiiil ilovru re-

bellion Under the rupuldK tine police hailauflked to master alt pasting tumults thatmanoLed tbu public peari If on a fmv occ-ailunsthe troops were called out la tim miningdlftrlcts their presence wntonoucUto proven

toil xruvo dIsorder These twenty jeirs pi-

lauiptlon frnin any conflict betwroii tine

idl ri nd Ibn cooplo torment an evCirtlou In our history mud Illcld a ilclu-nshevrenjioii In ilu Ihu Iicpubl o against tboiie who undertook to nt-

taik I The enemies of the republic irrre un-

able to employ ncnlust It that InuiluSi montwhich for a century had been the favorite arm

0-

r

I

SJ-

of all opposition partIes In Franco the accnnation of having shed the blood of the people-We have now just lost this happy Immunityhenceforth the Inflamtrs of p pular passioncan have the pretext that they ned to wavethe bloody sblr A conflict which occurred onthe let of a little industrial town ot thenorth furnishes them with It Boldlercharged with the duty ot maintaining-order lost their patience anti tony frolbefore the Insults and aggressions Cf Itha mobDriven beyond endurance haias and assailed by stones they at last olenollllro

Twelve peoplo wore thirtywounded among whom unfortunately werewoman and children The effect was all themore painful because onr people h ml not beenaccustomed to such wretched epMoJen Kwspapers that make a trade of publishing aenta-tlonal news exaggerate the thine by multiply-Ing and dramatizing the details In their artcles and In their pictures The extremistsnot a moment In seizing the Incldsnt andthrowing around I al the irritating com-

ments¬

possible In to make attacks uponthe Government The representatives thatthese parties count In the Chamber ot Depu-

ties¬

did not confine themselves to Interpolatingtho ministry asking explanations theynottried oven to bro down public flame uponthe officer the troops to fire anddemanded the Immediate pardon of all thetadividual arrested for having taken part In theriot A lew wont so far even ato demand theindictment of the Minister ot the Interior asresponsible for the Instructions that had beenglum to the soldIers which had brought themtaco to fare with tho crowd and In that wayprepared the collision The word assassinwas flung In his face In open session Theparliamentary majority naturally refused tofollow In the line ot these paulonat exagger-

ations¬

thono who wished totntnncla It by 1-

ractlouslndhDltlon It only considered thecatastrophe aIt realty

olRr aq1was

Although nn explicit vote ol confidenceilivod thn Government and the army out otbo QnHlonlt was Quite plain that tha discuselon mad a number of Deputies Ill at sanewho up to that moment had been able to keepthemselves skilfully balanced upon the tight ¬

rope of theoretical radicalism It forced thornto axcre s themselves more categorically thanthey wished to do by justifying the troops who

Iredor taking tho part of the rioters who

revoked tho lire The result Is that ndivision baa begun between the Republican fac

Ions which tho elections of 1899 had blendedtogether and which ever since had remained united The alliance IIs not preciselybroken but tt Is shaken It IIs not so frankand the sequel will show that It will not howise to count noon Its permanence Withoutgoing to far olio say that the political situatIonIi damaged variously we must admit that It haslost something ot the serenity which It has enorod the last two ears long with theebatei and the voles In Parliament wo mustalso take Into consideration the number ofindignation meetings whichI are multpllol-IOt must listen to the specbea ltthose meetings for the purpose rekindlingpopular rancor The old phrases of Masuacre of Citizens and Aartrf to nAvenged once more have their alaarajco However worn out they may betheY still preserve their unfortunate Influenceupon the working classes In manufacturingontres amonc whom the spirit of hatred andthe idea of reprisals are always ready to beroused We had hoped that France haulfinished with thew declamations which havetroubled her fo many times The clreumstances that Just now have brought themagain to the front and will furnish a pretextfor their continuance are from alt points ofview a great misfortune

I wonder where the countis In whlell-hIft of May has left a can

see what benefit that day has boon able tobrinK to the working cause Itself either In thepresent or In the future The system of inter-national manifestations may be seductiveenough in theory but the two trials that havebeen made of It counsel Its renunciation-That there Is unity of thought and communityorf aim among the laboring classes Is beyond adoubt because all try equally to enlarge theirrights and to ameliorate their situations Bu-tt is an Illusion and an error to try to bringthem all to uulormltYor f methods and of ac-

tlon The I and of Inustrlal methods on the one hand and tho dlirslty of temperaments and manners on theother form a double and invincible obsta-cle to It International unity can be accoii-

llsbed without thing it down to a fixed date-or to a programme Impossible of realizationThose who seek real progress and not dlsordot will do well to reflect upon this betweennow and a year hence

THE MINERS coxanKsa

A stp far more effective than the noisymanifestations of May 1 has been taLontoward a practical solution of the u

The International Congress ol Minersheld In larls during the first weekIn April This congress In which there wereInetrnlno delegates representing nearly amillion workmen must not be compared orconfounded with any of tbo other assembliesvhlch we have soon up to the present IuHf

feint from them In throe points In its composition In the manner In which ItsdeltboraIODB were carried on and In tine character of-

tliereolutions voted One characteristic traitcnie that only workmen roeoznlzod at belong-

Ing to the raining Industry wore Ipermittedto speak The Immediate advantage of thiswas to avoid that contusion of theories andliatmuddle ot Ideas consequent upon thosoeclamnllons which turn Into Babel assemblieslu whch moo of different occupations asplraIons nad Intorosts nro thrown toeothor ovenwithout tlio parasite orator that too frequentlyhave the most to nifty As each OUt brings intonch Msemble purtcullrlroanee nail de ¬

romnlol one arolnd uponvhlch every one can be or one mind that ofccilmlnatlon anti threats against the exIstIn state of things Hence wo have so manydiscourses of nu alPselul kind anti so lowsfiil resolutions miners on tIne contlary by confining themselves to ijutStlonti reaiding them only and by restrIctIng the dobate to members of their own cmpirutlonI-mplllloil tho dlscustlou anti mad It no-

trulcht to the lolut Another precaution aidedIn tliiis result tho severe verification of thecredentials presented thedeleKato Nobodywa4 admitted before he could Irove that hovas un authorized representative of some regIlar portion of the association A rouse

uonca wile that the doors WJIQ clored uponnoisy Ipublic si oaken Still further to ensuregood order and reIIIIIIln the deliberationsthe order of mi pped out bcfors-mnd In such a winy as to exclude tbo die

usslon of any subioct not upon I I do notmoan to Qthat there were no stormy lucldents or extreme propositions Oulhocon-tary on several occasions the congress came

ner ouudlu In coiifiiBlon but tine fact that It-

did not so epI1 nhowed the wisdom of theiiiiisurm taken ami the necessity for similarleasures every time that tine workmen wishto to biifllucea seriouslylot

Tit WORKIVI 01 TIlt roKonrsiThis copgroiMiuit ileiZRtes from the four

treat coalprodticlna countries of Europe

1IIluHIlrrmnrnlolullmIIII1rnncl Al-

IOUKII hllu UIOhSlolicleazito that It ropresonmd Is fufllclently

IIllorInlloI t make us IIWIIf withI IlinpatlencoIt will and tine 10cIloII

tlll nil male 1enplo were uery olxloUH toklOIV decision uioi tho subject of aeonural stnko nf tine minors Tie watchword ltrued by such im assembly could not tail tohave considerable Influence unit if It could notbring abolt evir > vlienj u sImultaneous mmpension of work It might at least produce dis-organization lhat was tine question Mhlchleonine tine phot nf discussion nnd arouseda e mitrour otf a most irRlollln nature

Ilm IllM very Uitlnnlni it iIho IKnulUli ilopu

10 note on onvd 10 cvroiio Withliolr prao lent rriillon and tine habit ofweighing tine value of words thav nmile It arlnelple Hint tine Interest of tine workers wan

ot to throw conluDlpn into rroductou but to

I

y J

enlarge the pronts that they might ilerlvo fromIt To effect this Intimidation and con-

fusion form 1 lAd method The peacefulenlargement nf their ilxbliU hit the work-

men want Title programme U unqnotlonably the true ono butt Itwnsatthe isame timetoo modrrne too reasonable anti too slow ttobe accepted nt once line excfied GermanBelgian and French depntlfntLe two lastepeclnllytlnleillr prototod against theEnglish plan I her were more accustomed ttofIlly with Ibln to cnlou

late resitllft and maul come Into the coin

ares with onilrc Altli In tine general strikeThe IlelelntiH were stIll more lu favor of Iton account off ihe pcrtillnr condition of theircountry Lerni si ot tine condition more thanhifoenible of tine lldclnm miners whlelloudly odin for Morm a profound agitationIs going on In ihut country for un extension o-

eactornl privileges Dud If possible universaleiifliaxe Cn eunenlly there would havebeen a double idiantau lu ombndtlng theseiernaiiiJaliiag riortl mouernerntIorwluieb tine

congress mluht glue the signal The phinsa° general Itlko moreover has lecomo dnrlug the i nt few months one of the formulaswhich by tine single fact of benz advertisedami repented tins H the popular Imaginationitmntljitiiniilnvand Mrluc A considrabamouton Qtf tins laoorlngclnsws Inmclne that ItIM inltlclunt to 0tt8e the suspensionof innko them noterelcn nrIllorlh tIne situation I1 tne fniI flyer nt tnoir enuro o-

IIIKci

them the workers tile power toregulate all thlnei nccordlne their withesIhefitlto urophotn of socialism have spreadth Iwllol that the luduMrlal prodleUuo ofthe entlio world might be D sineDonJod Jimt ns cue might stop any kind of aRtcaiM eiglno mind that the capitalist drivento ttie vvnll would tuna be obliged teconsent toryiliingthnt tine workmen might demand

lhllllA moie tenacious than the Illu ¬

Inl panaceas whenmplniitcd In the mind of the masses We halelint a proof of it In tbn famous phraseright in labor vv hick inns served as the pretexttot null klndH of nb urd exactions and all sortsnt demands impossible to be defined even bythose who make them No better than any oneof the other Iiilallliileremedlasprescrlbed fromtime to time could flue general Btrlkp ruturnwhat In expected from It for social reform Hintha loll nroclimation of the principle by anaxembly like The International Congress ofMiners would have been Ireal calamity

A OKsnrit STAICE PKFVINTEDWe may thank tba Enallsh delegates for tbtact that inch a proclamation was not

IhHlr todies succeeded substituting for Itxlmpla threat as follows

Lbs general congress believe that a gen ¬

eral airline of the miners ot England of Ger-many

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AnstroHungary Belgium and Francemay become necessary for gaining eight hoursa day lor norkraentbut before having recourseto such I measure this oongrets Invites the-OOlernmentllnd legislators of these different

to an agreement with aview ot adopting an international measuretending to establish special legislation ap-plicable

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to nil workers In minesTwo points ore fixed by this resolution

While the strike Is presented only aa a pos-sibility

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the question is left between the Gov-ernments

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and the miners Iavlol aMde thegenerality ot other Hut thatmId not prevent the congrqs from adoptlug tho principle of a close alliance among Itsmembtrsan atlaocetbleb may load tuspeolfle acc At the Belgians the

lowing was adopted almost unanimouslyIn consequence of the total strike which

appear likely to occur In Belgium this con-gress

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declares that the miners of all countriesmust sustain by every meaolin tholr powerhe Belgian miners alijo going onstrike in tbelr respective mines It the employ-ers

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send coal to Doliium by restrictingtheir productions needs of theirown country or by any other means whichfcelrjudcment roar approve of

One of the leaders of tbo tngllsh delegationcompleted this resolution by a promise of 10cuniary aid directly to the strikers

IToWARD COSMOPOLITAN USIOJf-

ol

But to crown Its lahor the congress ap-pointed a perman80tommllee ot three mewhere onn Germany andone for Franco nnd belclum These Com nils8100erllro charged with tbe duty of working

of ptrmanent agreement betweenhe minors of all nationalities and of prepar-nz the draft of a federal constitution to be

sent o all those interested J hey have powerto callI a niw assembly of delegates to discussthis constitution whenever they see nand atsuch pluce as they shill designate

Here no have the lint open road toward realcosmopolitan coalition that Js to say towardcoalition of worker In ouo of tine same trIcombining tbelr forces to further theirrights and Interests Viewed and pr ictlsod lutInts way Internationalism loses Its purelyheorotlcal apeoi lj I tu tine prof ent nobodyleiltvttd In assemblies moro or lessInternational attempteil previously had unl-yaerlllo display Jlveraenclei and put into reo

ntliIlitlsiot temperament Therewas an agreement only In the Bieeeue mini Itdid not seem likely that It could ever be other-wise

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The recent congioss shows tho contracy It IIs nlt a niimlfrBtatlun like that orba 1st of that we have to note ut presentIllS a signal and au ejuiipe which cot mainlywill ba followed We have proof now thatworkmen 01 different nationalities can organisefor something morn practical and positive thaumore declarations of war upon society Welava just feen that for eight days tbe dele

gates ol five or mix mining populations candebate In common tine Interests and desires oftheIr eooMlueot and discuss the bent

I to have thorn realizedwhile leaving aside political theories lundutoplun notions br which their real interestsere hampered Moreover the vote at thelose ol tbe session has opened upanewfuture-for tbe principle uf support among thework ei s Un to the present this principlealthough often proclaimed aloud resulted onlyII sterile

Irregularexpressions

Ilblldle5of sympathy and 8mal

1each or nt leastI conomitant action The agreement enterediito by ihe English Germans andFrench to ccme to the assistance ot theBelgian strikers welgbiugoH It does upon theVloduclool of their resnectlvo countries

ihe conclusion of a defensive ulllonce If this ogreomejit Is kept and every

Indicates that It win boIt becomes theUlolmaterial application of the law of 101-1arityamnng workmen Tints solidarity had

lon merely on abstract doctrine nn allirmaof sentiment so to SOY Tine very Iiea

ol bringing abount all at once a universal leagueendereil ChI thing Impoiislblti Hut the prece-dent that congress hOI just stablunedshows that by the union separate corporatonl International combination may In time

tendod from otis to the other and thii-vnrking frees grouped together Recording to

rcumotancesAN RXAMPZ Fon OTIIBn n m8It Is true that the minors aro in a situation

pnrtliUlirly favored Irum a double point utview lou the exercise of collocilvH action Tholr-

er > Industry brings thorn together by thouunn mud the slinllnrlty of this Industry In

11 ouiitrles turns for Its natural consequence a111t analogy of iutereMK and of desiderata

them nnil no matter to what regionIthey nifty belong Thus minion Is therefore preunveil bv tine elY mature of thing JInreove-rhi minors mayo in their UWI hands n menusmote oltlcirUiim maul Immediate

i thor category of workers to lm-nIythl oinpliiyerx to count unit them mind 10-

ae OIH 10 IIhel ilemnndn Tuoy furnish thertuatial the manufactures ot tine en-tire wo Id Th lattii mo vlitnnlly at tholorry of corallm or oven a slackening oftheir wurk A shun stoppage ul tine puppiyiifmil might bring ionfuslon into the 1lorlolend vviiuld nuti bo lrunig I ii brmulnc t groutIlllcuty II steam navigation and railway traycIting trTUH nre not HO ready fur contl-

on us theirs It Mans i they fltO not In such aIrnnu position to dutine their condltlonB Studheirnhilins lint noviTthelrss Isuoclitsnit workman vvhlih may not find tins IronerItmeI to Iir lit iiiiuii filial terms with their em

Jini < Inotur however lutist varyuiord-iCt to rfrciriiBNnca nUll epecinlltieN Thnio-

wnoierhlst III hating tlnuetryiuod f nt tIne nonenlitto by miaisof mimlfi PlntloDI lke that or-lIne lust of Mint lu producinginfusl u nn i noedlfHs tiouble IIIH nn theyhave ilniiit Thn wboe of what Is celled theoctal auction emiiacOM Itun mutiny linIngs toontuuuy ikliultt and tOo nmny lolu to be suepliblo nf onn uniform solutlnn nt a fixedditto JIII1Itollhe more one examines tine

I I Iie mill itlvu nf a Hpecln-lrgimlzntlon llinlud otto prufcslmi or

rid tlm Intcrimllonul t nucres or Jllnem-mh npentil upI Ithe ted t tutile nnd Iit shWd Ithe

ot tier Irides ihe iioiamine tto fi llnv-vLniler thin now mrni which I believe Is den

Ined 10 become iIM 111110r the mica of I-nIprlutlllollnllol a goad i llnl nf itssociety iind seems mornraetlenl for the workorl We unmet baiomoaccustomed to it IA vvo no Irom time to tlmo-

ecomeI ncenhloDe111 other things reputed tohu Inosslblo Ir when presentedfur t Illni Iwhich today Juan en-oirdi into our onlly lire Thousoncf the wnrkliiuclaKHes BluwlllII

bout atar nil ronuillcitilciH mill dimucrionlY It mar not bo aiioguiher bed end voiyIkflyI it ha UH io ii1 sii1I J ho thiats uf-

trlkofi inure or Ilee 11tl llndwiltonlrniolda In tine o moreIa hnuitrieti MiitMiniilillo4I will put upon thempetuoHltv of thus imrjnnoni his nne pot

JUe seen at the regent congress In Ilirlf tileI illnclplliiu of tie lnullxh rieluatea com

IlnI81YIUullhJn IHIM lire of tthnlr Im ends andiolcliin cnlleiuueK mind taking Our them an-

remlnntl Biilliliii tti in iviiimoofI

tle Jeanne nf tins Ilnrlr f ThnnkH toto Iii mH rlanoI vr I I loy over vlo-

ITICJ Thisanio hllo t Ire nieiilyline c cilhondvil u trillI I ho lmptliintuntil br nc itiiini ovo toIthwir oldooun my hullrcfnoiil to follow thani-

1erlMp wo mini my nf till Internationalunion nr vviilnien what III Tutors said of tho

187It will be aicopipllilind In moderation or

It will uoivr bo ucconipllnlfodE MAESSQA-

Srainibllnln

f JJ LI

tiutr nvssrix jrm Ann ori nrssEnl-

nkIHtep Tetleef Ihe Fresher jorkiegsor Hulea Law-

In Ia previous Article on the persecutionof the Jews In Ituisla I spoke ot the socalled Mar edicts ot Count Ignatleff whichforbid lIne Jews U1 I to settle In vlllagei and 121

IIacquire or rent real estate within the Puleof Kettlement These edicts were issued onMay 18S2 but were suspended soon aftertheir promulgation chiefly because ot foreignagitation But In 1800 they were revivedtinder the following most aggravating coodillon The sight years suspension waslIgnored and the edict declared to have bon Inforce since May 1692 This actually was giv-

ing¬

I a retrospective force for the full eightyears All the scores of thousands who settledIn vlllngai In full confidence during this cerlodare therefore to bo evicted

lint the evident Intention of the Governmentla to expel from tha pen country In the short-est

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nalbll line eli the Jews who are settlerla manifested by a series of addi-

tional¬

edicts which render Ufa utterly unbear-able

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to those wino wish to remainAn f arlrukasaof the Senate November 1837

explains that the right ot residence granted toold settlers IIs strictly localized A Jew livingIn the village A bee no right to move his resi-

dence¬

to the vlllaoe B halt a mile distantThis right U also made strictly IndividualChildren cannot receive their aged mother orfather coming from town or another villageTbe right does not extent even to the wifealthough by tho Russian common law all therights and privileges ot husbands belong totheir wives There are dozens of cases withinmr knowledge of Jews residing In villages whomarried in towns aid have bon ordered bythe police either to leave the villages or tosend their wives away for as town womenthey bad no right to be In open country Fam-ily

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ties recognized to bo the most sacred In thecommunity are broken dally In Russia whenJews are concerned I read In the VoikhodJan 2118911 ofa recent CIR of this natureIn Kloff where ten Jewish familieswere thus broken up Ten women wivesof Jewish artisans tvhoi names aregiven In full were expelled from thebecause It was discovered that one of towntad one cow and sold to her neighbors afet jugs ot milk and the others tried toadd to the modest earnings of their husbandsby baking bread sewing shirts and the likewhich they carried on marketulays to the marlist and sold They were set down on thisscore amerchants and expelled from town intwentytour hours beeause only Jewish arti-sans

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are allowed to breathe the air of KleffAnd the husbands Tie children of these

t1 families Wol theremained behind aa matter of They were only Jews-In the new law delrlvoJ tbe Jews ot the

lehtof settlement open country thereis a special clause of little moment but verycharacteiistlc ot the spirit animating the pres-ent

¬

Government I menu the clause whichexpressly says that Jewish patients are noexception and that a Jew cannot go to thecountry even temporarily for health 1 Peopleable to meditate upon and draw such clausescannot be expected to care about breaklnlup Jewish families

But let us return to the general measuresagainst the rural Jews One or the most Im-

portant¬

and at the same time most vexatiousIs the restriction of their right of movementThey must remain as prisoners within theboundaries of the district they do not wantto forfeit their right of stemnt If they BO-

o town and spend there nights theyare liable to be considered on their return anew setters and ovioted on that score Near

are many villages where there Isno synagogue In 1838 a number Jewishamllles went to celebrate in the synagogueot tbe town On their return they wereevlcted-iy the jprarniA Elenskr This Is the com-monest

¬

trick practised all over the Palo andbe Jews living at some distance from townshave either to give up religious observancesor tbelr prlvlleco of residence Young Jewswho have to go to serve In the army are regularlr expelled as new settlers returning toheir families The Jewish artisans who haveaccording to law the privilege ol free settle-ment

¬

In all the towns and villages outside thePole are evicted wholesale under the pretextthat it is not Ilecle whether the generalfranchise right ol settlementwithin the Pilo-

Accordlll to Hussion law no new buldloland no repairs can be made without alborlzatlon of the administration Now theadministration refusessystematically all suchauthorizations to Jews Illnl In rural districtsIn order that the may leak Theymust mOle to towns or live In houses falling toplaces If the house Is consumed by tIre theyeve never allowed to rebuild

The arable lands and postures whloh meansfarms cannot be taken In Russia on longleases Twelve years Is the maximum allowedby the law although It may be stipulated thatat the expiration ot this term tbe tenant has a-

right to renew the agreement but the land

aentlre exnrersly prohibited from registerIu renotal8 when the farmers are Jews

As the May extend eight rearback It IIs evident that in 1894 threeyear hence all the regular Jewishfarmers wilt be evicted from the PaleThere Is a considerable class of special far-mer of Jewish extraction known aa Clitnxhmen whose tenuro and rentals are permanentbeing based upon customary law The ChInchpeople are virtual owners the nominal land-lord having no right either to Increase tbelrrentals or to evict them as long as they paytheir rent Those rights are recognized Inthe case of Christians but never In the case of

JoWl Thor are accordion to official stalintics 3C12U Jewish families holdni smallpleceiofland by virtue of China tightThey are all now absolutely at the mercy ofhe cupidity or the caprice ot their nominallandlords The tribunals always decide theseCAiiMi disputes against tho Jews arid tInemembers of our highest class are not ashamedto take advantage of their helplessnessrlnce Abimollic evicted lat year a wholelllago 1avlovka district of Tira pol peopledfor over thirty years by Chmih Jews Therlnces Qorcbakoff Michael anti Konstantlneons ot the Chancellor did the same with theirJrallov Jews who liar bojn In undisturbedlossesslon of the land for forty or fifty years

Bometlmes the outrages against the rights ofropoity are accompanied by shock I ui outaces of moral feelings A certain Mr Demya landlord In Bosaruble has been at Ilaw for teuears with the Jewish CI111 people ofoireflhty about the piece upon whichtheir houses and synagogue are built Tntmatter of the synagogue tutu only one In theelshborhood and built over forty years agocaused the Jews to exert theuuoUos most

trunuously The allalr dragged parsing frontone tribunal to another Thd synagogue ilOftInlthe decision was ax a matter of course In-

tie possession of Ibo defendants Hut In thoof IKVO on this eve of tine OIPI OQrllnlJegib hollJHVb Mr llnmy i

tine 1idlce Inspector inchliisUy tu Inkn puseHHiou ju his mi in u 01 the JuWiHh Jiuuitf oflaioiaud IjUfbinbuy knuwlug wulltlmt with

Junta Huythtui tan Uo done with timuiniiy-iroceoded to curry out his frenla rmiuest

lie arrIved at hoproehty 11ru tho syuu-ogud took possession olI icred rolU

and sent them lu acttittotne police utatluuMr tieuiv was then Installed in possession oj-

theI

Jewish Iouel ol pryor and mum Immoill-toly drove lutl a herd of mimi whlcn renuiued tbellll day anti tine folluwlug nightIke I luciilnskyH suiieiioi oiinvr-ruerod

I

the Hiiimam to be taken away and nstored line mqtcponj books to tine Jews Hut theauthOrs of tints practical joke went scot true

Ioiifiiutl February IsbnTbtH are facts tOn authenticity which can-

not 1possibly be doubteil lor i have taken 1111rom a UIPO published lu Ilu811vigIlant of censorship a very boltIhlul to publish such IIGIlt nil Iwould hadll trOus to Invent

arouN tune there liuvo boon attempts tonrin 111 nigrucu i u sal colmien The nlin-

KcuniH tu ho jflelhallrlllcIRI und tintiIILulyI I to MiiccHpil in I 1 III 1111at KliKt winnie Ilii tiupoinU fntirulxI I tllMIIUUl hiII ur line llllkbllndlllllD IVIlkll tlJijinrtf a IOIIK liniiunu Tax Jiiuii ilonot shun manual moUnt Thorn nunUliOOlij Jewish iiiilmuis within tbo Vale unitaooOOO OiliiIdu ot It Mnetmthe of the ruStaro peddler hoi hor nud the like wllaphyeivul wurk la certainly tio lluhor tUlO that

tak ot p P fg

of nrllKnn and chanlcK lint It I xerfurKUihwoiktrto riturn tonarJoultnrooulwhy should they Yet IhpH proefW

were always warmly received by tJUIDltnotwithstanding thi mtsllions created tot thoSe roloninx by thesliitildUf susplclotixieB nnd meildlrtonieNplrltnftins bureaucracy some ut these nertculturnlcolonies contlnuo tu thrive There ateabout Guy thousand Jewish armorsIn llussla but tbov do iiot finn muchgrace with the llumlnn GovtfinrnntThey do not fall under tha action nf Slayedicts but whonevrr tile admlnlitrallonllniMa pretext the Jewish husbandmen nro evictedas ruthlessly MotharJaw The1 agriculturalcolony anna which ln existent fortuiythree years near t Onvny anothercolony ot forty years standing near Vllnathalfa dozen colonies in Beiunrahla and In fiuprovince of Kamenoz lodolsk have beenevicted stud dlRtierncd Tines n score ofthousands of prosperous farmers 4Idntftobacco planter who worked thetheir own hands and were on example otsobriety anti diligence wore turned out down-right

¬

inuper Ibe pretext being now that theland was enledIomotmo for ovor halt n

nol thevlllace stoodtoo near tbe frontier

Tlmsa facts are to us from oneparticular point ofInterstnl lullan Gov-ernment

¬

nnd its defenderspersecutions have exclusively lor an IbjoOllhprotection ot the peasants a husurers The claim Is preposterous In tinePaletLo Jews aio the duel money londoistowhom tbo Ilpae of the peasantry are Inex-tricably

¬

lint outsldM the lale therene no Jews In villages Yet the mavens ofthe peasants lure Indebted to local moneylenders and usurers of Chilitlnn faith nsmuch ns tiCy nre Indebted to Jews withintile Sale Ifiiiry Is a terrible scourcn nf agri ¬

cultural Itustla but It springs from the genera economical conditions of the country ex-orbitant

¬

nixes combined with Insufficiencyol land which compel pna nnts to borrowmoney anywhere on any terms Tho expul-sion

¬

of Jews will result to tine ndvantntro ofChristian usurers wino will be left withoutcompetitors That Is the only possible resultof the expulsion of Jews trout vlltauos

The May edicts whose worming we hive de-scribed

¬

form but it part of the general plan ofcampaign Theie are about threequarters ofmillion of tJrYlelodJowa living outside thelQleArll ot the llrat guiltmembers 01 tho learned professions and theirfamllle to whom these fianchiaes are giton-bytheiftwaofihtSant 18li The move nextto tbe revival of tho May edicts was to drivethe Jews out of tho country At largo and theenergy shown by tho administration promisesthat elJIhortrlbe most of these 7CUUOO willgo to paupers in tine townsand hamlets of Ibo 1ale

The richest Jews the merchants of the firstguild ere alone left comparatively unmo-lested

¬

while the poor nrtlaiiB gaining theirbread by the sweat ot their brows are thechief sufferers Them Is no end of tricks re-verted

¬

to In order to deprive them ot the fran ¬

chises granted to them by the law In oneplace certain handicrafts are declared tobe excluded from the lit of callingswhich the franchises cover In Moscowthe compositors were declared to be artistsand not mechanics antI therefore tbo Jewsfollowing this trade wore expelled from thecapital In Smolensk the clazJers vinegarmakers bakers and butchers havedeclared pot to bo artisans but somollilnirelse anti the administration did not say whatIn Simbirsk the Council of the Guild parsed aresolution pot tn give to Jewish artisans anyItcennes unless they pasod a special examina-tion

¬

In their respective crafls This was IllegalantI absurd the skill artisans b lnlproved by their certificates and still bettertheir good Lliflness Hut this was exactlywhat tbe Simbirsk guild master would nottolerate Their special commissioners de ¬

cared the Jews almost to a man not proficienttrue and tbo administration immedi-

ately¬

expelled them and tbelr families fromthe town In Uffa the same result was ob-tained

¬

by tbe opposite means Hero It was theadministration that took the Initiative and de-clared

¬

nil local certificates Inefficient and voidfor the Jews alone of course Tho Jewish

artlraus were requested to resent certlllcatesfrom tho towns ot their origin which meansfrom tbe Pale which some of them left twoeeores of years ago and upon their being un-able to comply with this loollsh demand theywere expelled in a body In other places thepolice pounce on Jewish artisans on Saturdayacid Ilcdinc them and their families at restissue an order at expulsion against them ontie piotext that they are not artisans

old law ot Nleolan I has served the ad ¬

ministration a good turn tot wholesale expul-sions

¬

This law Is directed against a small rellglous soot the socalled Sabbatarians whokeep Saturday as the day ot prayers Thesehave always shown a great leaning toward theold Mosaic and llabblnlal law and willinglyaccepted Jewish rabbis as their pastors Itwas therefore enacted by way of precautionthat the Jews should not ba allowed to settlein the localities where these sects existedNow the administration has Inverted the lawTrue discovery or the arrival of one Sabbata ¬

rian In it town Is considered a sufficient reasonfor expelling all the Jews front the place

This onodletit was used for the first timelast year In Samara A Sabbatarian M woeexiled to this town by administrative orderThe day alter his arrival nit the Jews were orderea to close UD their business and to be offto the Pale Tins same trick was resorted toafterwards In Ore Much devices are alwaystried elsewhere if they seenu worth the whilehome day wo may bear that tho Governmentinns used tine habbatarlans as a sort of Jewkilling Instrument scattering a few hundredsot them broadcast lu all tho townsof tine emplro to render it impos-sible

¬

for Jews to remain anywherelint It iIs just ns lIkely that they will do withoutany such trick when they have no pretextthey will do tine Paine without a pretext Thelovemors vlo with each other In the exhibi-

tion¬

ot antlJcwIth real to win the good gracesofttne lourt Tho Jews me extolled from Si ¬

beria which ought to te considered a badeiiouch place for the Jews to bo allowed to livein They are expelled from tine Caucasus al-though

¬

the official statistics collected In theoouroeof four venrsilSSdlSilOitestlfythatrullyJ-O per cent of them are artisans and 10 pertent manufacturer mind members of learnedpiofesslons They are expelled from the newlyannulled provinces of Central Asia whorotheir help mlcht do BO much toward develop ¬

inn the local Industries and where they areundoubtedly a ItiiBSlunlrlnir element

The mode of carrying out thoie evictionsand expulsions Is barbarous In the extremethe underlined trying to distinguish thornsolvea-lu their turn bolore their superiors In KlefT-in February 1891 llOJ shop assistants andshopkeepers Jewish extraction vvlih theirfamilies WTO arrest arid expelled In a littleman than twentyfour maitre without beingunplowed to prepare themselves lor Ihu journeyAt 8 oclock In tine mnrrlng the police brokeinto their houses awakening many nf themfrom sloop nod they woro immediately takento the pollco station line shopkeepers werelined 13UO rubles each tine idiom npmtiint4Gull rubles each and the next day at noon theyweru nit packed Into railway carriages andhont oiTto the Pub These people wre all re-spjctablo tradesmen vvlih letral license forwhich they hud all paid In December 1SDOThey haul their shops In tho mesh streets oftine town nfl were nut accused of any wrongiloihK lint there is ut no v order piohlbltlUKJews from kaoplnu shops In KloiT anti ihufo-peinle ilid not hirten tn clear the count ottheir own account without a snoeial noticeFor tint offence all tholr stock was confiscatedamounting to several millions of rubles

The chase alter tha f uvra md their spoils Isextended to the Kaltlo Provlnres Jew areeviwllnt from Mltdre 1lluiu JniobMiidt antifinn romotlmes utter forty i ears undisturhoil rskioruce I n limit in t icli tinoritnatut llltn nuntlial owner of three mill nnit of tvvn laicoSmote haul till lila Mock confiscated and witsordered to leave within twentyfour hoiirx inIlban thn value r the gnxjR confiscatedimnunts to JlHillOO inbes In DimibuiK lienilmlulstritln cunllf eutlnc tine stocks or theJovvhh mvrohanls topic iuosnnston also of Tinl Intli rubles it tin bX money noMlned no-oordlncto a Jovrlli ciiptoin lor schools nodilevnlid thn proceeds tn Ihj Inilldlng nf nun ontlodoc church Inht Iottfirburglho Irfdtnftine town ion drusfer tobhim tIne fous iu-iinotliHr way bv onlerlm thorn iMnich lliI-HtUi tochaneo tine Stole 11mm names ithey hadacquired from llus ians rutting liistnnl tunicown 111111101 IInordor Itheillit mi ins thattthe publicI thomI I ieo nt onnni tthat tint ihou 1is-n Jovvl h mi lu MiHfow nn tliunightie of Aiull 11 12 niid 11 ilu nolice lu ok e In ui on 1G7 famlllos who veinmull carefully gearohod nnd Kent to tine policestations under uxcoit as criminals inothoischildren old mon In bo altTvvarl I lonvoyol-tot thn Pad Irom n to ten Iin the Pain a perfinally trustworthy eye witness writes iorylay el ow In of nun peoplo are broucht horschnlnod like ctinuinrtln nciiol litinury Thetime nlkmeil them for fotlllnc their niliilrs wasBU short that they could nut illposu of thilrproperty In Moscow suit of Vienna clrilrs-wnitli US worn sold lot tuemjfivo centsCoin ml elf fits n in rum for u rjom wan sold firtl51I Thu families wen1 last out of theirhouses Into the Uieols heIr fiirnlturo winethrown lit Iiii l tthey wore loit without HholterIt IIs Jiiht ax bad tip iv thi i jots

I hee itri fuetM inkon from rrlvnta lotero ntfriends ii mini tolatlve never iintoudo I hoc printand stint lug nbivo HiiHpluInn nf exaggeration

1 will not dwell upon the third moasuia-nialn > t thin Jovvn althouuh it is perhaps willInto swooping than tlm stvvo former 1 moantha holesalo expulsion nl Tevv Irom tint iiun

erntHlinllfRatrliMtI hornier land alone liewestern rrontler Ill Kiune xeenns unit seniucliriitallilos thin sutme mlMirv iitii IntonIng thomTine olenI elHdn reaonot IiliUI iu Hiirf l itlioI

ITHteiitou ot fliinnullnu Tlmt there IB niuuM-Miiuu llnu uloim t in liouller U mute trueI ItiIs iil10 tiuo that tine mufKlln like so manyullicr trades iN chlolly In Inc hands of JewHut thoio are 2SOUHO Jovvs settled upon tthatstrip of Ininl nail a nuartert nil n million peopleoanntt pnsslblv live thoro hv smu vllncliners is enutiggllng upotu all fronlors Whatwutild people think of n proposal to niaki it ncovert bv eriHlllni tho vlioltt of thi hornieriiopnlulipn ns a 110 VeIn liv nf ann unggl n un 1

And yet thii IIs int wluit tine iiovcrninont Is-

ilnlnx with repaid to JiVYX eAlli ntn to IIm oxIletlod withoutt iXCOtit loin liven member ofknnunl p f fl iit5 lit tyor muftinnr phyHinn rabhlb tire net iillowd tn untilo neart Inc front br tifiutininlxlratlou phi ciii I mug Itosue kiniiiilf rs In null of them Thu totnl mnsiof human lolmis affcalei by the recent persucuiipn U ttietiforc ovcrirhelmiri

U tixanuitag

rxztJ4x n ASS me asiaux-Tka Mot eIdh Brrlln> lIe la 8lrc Ktk

CIa nu Holrl Os TaielrAIetioe C-

tanllrnte Itinditesee and TactBMLIH Mar 2SIn trite ot an exhaustive

system of telegraphing ot newspapers of everyshade and opinion ot ioiiort rswbo are cred ¬

ited with possessing the most tollable sourcesof information In spite of the fact that everyIns nowadays takes n lively and Intelligentinterest In every nod anything that happensIn every part ot the world It Is remarkablehow absolutely different Is the aspect Of thingsabroad as soon as It become posslbe to judgeof them not in pilot or from correspondencebut from actual oculsrdemonstratlon anti per-

sonal¬

contactIt seemed In England end Indeed In other

European countries that the acts and woolsof the present Emperor et Germany had boonrecorded faithfully and the account thereofspread broadcast throughout the press andyet evtfn In so apparently selfevident a matteras his relations with his subjects the viewtaken ol theta and the complexion theybear is strangely modified as soon as one hascrossed the frontier while on reaching thecapital one grows convinced that one has allalong labored under a false Impression ForInstance In England not one but the majorityot the organs of the press has affirmed thatthe popularity ot the younger William neverequal to that of his illustrious grandfatherwas decidedly on the wane and that tnere ex-

isted¬

a decided dissatisfaction against himamong his people I had lived In Berlin undertine old regime and been a witness ot theardent devotion of soldiers and civilians forthe founder of the German empire but on re-

turning¬

to Berlin today I find much otthe some feeling ot strong anti effusive loy-

alty¬

for his youthful successor It Is notan exaggeration to say that EmperorWilliam II is worshipped It would behowever absurd to deny that he has some detractors partisans of another system old andinveterate apostles of a retrograde past or anImprudently advanced future but the bulk ofthe nation the army the great commercialand Industrial masses and the aristocracy areWith him When it came to tine point of mak ¬

lug a choice of adhesion between the idol Bis-

marck anti the young sovereign It was almostunanimously recognized that the latelycrowned monarch trained to the cares of gov¬

ernment in the best school was entitled to thefullest allegiance that be was perfectly ableto rule the fatherland with discriminationand that he was anxious honestly to do hisduty In every branch It was admitted alsothat it was Inconsistent with his dignity tosubmit blindly to the shackles which It pleasedthe man of iron to lay upon his shoulderHo could not consent to what PrinceBismarck expected namely that no Cab-

inet¬

Minister should ever be in directcommunication with the Emperor and thatall Intercourse should pass through him firstthere were other equally arbitrary pretensionswhich could not be complied with On find ¬

ing therefore that he was confronted witha decided and peremptory opposition thePrince resorted to the plan which hadserved him so well on previous occasions andhe threatened to resign To his unspeakableastonishment mortification and pain the res-ignation

¬

was accepted briefly and he saw nosymptoms that ho should be asked ever to re-

scind¬

It It was asserted very openly In weltinformed circles that unable to bear the con-sequences

¬

of his selfsought rellnqnlshment ofa power wielded so long and so despoticallyhe as a last extremity humbled his pride so faras to demand the Intercession in his favor olhis old foe and antagonist the Empress Fred ¬

erick If her answer really was what It wasreported to have been I fancy that there Ishardly a more tragically patbotlo incident inhistory If you lund not undermined mrcredit with mr son she is supposed to havesaid I might have used mr Influence In yourbehalf as It is I am powerless

The pettiness which is never quite absenteven in the most hereto natures whichmore than once had beep apparent In thecharacter and doings of Prince Bismarck atthe time of his undisputed and autocraticpower again became visible In his conduct al-

ter¬

his withdrawal from active political lifeTho pity of It was great Indeed he had retiredfollowed br the admiration of alt Europe theveneration of his countrymen the gratitude beinspired as undimmed as hula gigantic fameand yet he was not wise enough to rest con¬

tent with so rich a birthright and heritage tobury himself In all the dignity of a man winolifts himself above the vicissitudes of fortuneand human catastrophes and he descended tofretfulness abuse satirical or malignant ut¬

terances grieving his friends by these unfor-tunate

¬

displays discomposing his admirersalarming his partisans and rallying the othersonly more closely around the now master

What chiefly endears the Emperor to thepeople is his charming bonhomie with all Infe-riors

¬

the fidelity of memory that never forgetsa face however humble and tho frank recog-nition

¬

In public of any one he has over mot be¬

fore Hundreds ot Instances are quoted otthis truly royal faculty The other day ridingout to parade followed by his staff and severalcavalry regiments be was as usual vehementlycheered on the route hats were lifted andpocket handkerchiefs waved A man drivinga van arrested his horses and lifted his caphe had many years ego served in the regimentIn which the then Prince William took all hisstops according to the practical rule of theGerman array which makes no difference be ¬

tween a prince and a peasant In military mat-ters

¬

and been his bursche The Emperorreined In his horse drew near the van toldthe driver that he knew lila face full wellasked lila name and on being informed shookhands with him saying lam glad to meetyou and rode on again at tine head of hisstair With him the natural Instinct of doinggracious things Iis very strong and be yields toIt simply and easily Ills telegram on hearingduring ale absence from Berlin of the death ofMarshal von Moltke was In Its spontaneitybrevity and three sentences the most com-pete tribute of affection retard and regret

I am piofoundly affected 1 have lost anarmy I icturn at ounce

At tine funeral of Germanys heroic soldierwho wan at the same time tho gentlest nullsimplest of men tbe Empoior walking beforetic hearso around which were summoned niltho herman rulers and princes stood abreastwith the Klnz ot Saxony nnd the nephew of tinedeceased but It wits noticed that ho Insistedupon tine chief mourner being Marshal vonMoltkes relative wIno accordingly walked Intine entri ulnilo the two sovereigns acccm-innlod him on eithersldA

if ho raiirren without love as hits often beensaid and to please his grandfather ha humus

since become un affectionate aunt attentivehusband ho Is seen constantly In public withthe EinprenscniivoisliiK with hernud showingplainly that ho enjoys her society It U truethat sine Is a mo t amlaldo woman nnd as goodnatured ax If thin was stilt HID > nmiK princesswho a mother could only afford to loop oneman fwvant W IUim HI li also nun excellentbrother a fond mud oonsibo father tu his KXyoung annie mini vvhntover imr have been timpassing and teciot dimensions Lutvvoon mintand Into mother itt u tlmo winch Mio recantedwith conjugal jealousy tho doting iiartiullty oftine old Imperor Willnm fur hula ci unison hohas Invariably tr MitelI lot tInt only with out ¬

ward respectI but with IIInl iMeremo mindshire hiI in i Rl m Iin Iovvir willj i inoritlmntKonuriillr That ho th riylit mint i In thomini plneo nn ntij vviiu IIliosI in j Iimnnrorllinui insluht InM lIne hldilun irlnes nt theJOpulir lloulinir can Imr uI nioinnnt tiitt Lit

olixervut unit IIOUIHIW nllko prnvnmint lie is mi ndnilicdnnd lielnvrd tuiir whlloIt In iMiuullyI i tulle IUnit inont of Ilie Monaa-clrrululed uliout lila hoiilih his nervous Ustitles causing u tunntt lurid lucid febrile avllvliyI iami tbo tears toitiunod as to the luturo areinerHfnbrleatloiH

hun speitlH with romarkaMo fanlllty antiflneiPi nnd he lose nt tlmo perhnpii 1511 car-ried

¬

iivvav by the o ointniliiil rift and illluvveil lilmsnlr iloiian uttnrm vt in publicfull PM r > s tn nl niit ukoii poitiinmitM-wnlrh nn iiliUrunil letH iiiniueiit iiiun vvutililhue u u hriilably rnoiIlllodI nrnvhled us more Inniii f rdanvH with his exulted nml tn vie posltlnn But for nil that lilnllerllner are wellsatlmled with their Kiilser and never permit anopportunity to rasn ol testifying to their loveand loyalty jj WB b

IN OUR 11IGUESTTItIBUXAr

now raa DKOtHioxa orC-

OVRTTJIIJ RrrIwjza

A HE ItKSDCIlKD-

Co jtrn Con MOTH the Conrt to Any rt5It Ilk Worrlinent for Hf i> ort r-

Ittttc Leakage In Importnnt Came

WASHINGTON Juno fiThe Supreme Conjof the United States adjourned last wool Monilar to the time anti place appointed If lawThat moans that tine Bupromo Court hut tokenIts xacatOn and that presently tho Chief Justlco and lila asoolates will go out on their eircults and preside over the deliberations of tinlessor Federal courts TIne Supreme Courtnever adjourns to a stated time or place 1rotnthe inauguration of the court wore tana acentury ago It line adjourned always te lieline and place appointed by law ThsSupreme Court does not necessarily meetat tine Capitol Congress may fix arty ilmtor any place for its assembling It CUD

Cross should meat In special session during tincoming summer It might fix cm September a>

the tlmo and San Francisco as the place forthe next mooting of the Supreme Count nni-

tbo Supremo Coutt would assemble In anFrancisco a month earlier than its unit timeof moetlna and n month earlier than It tireetito moot next fall At the tlmo tIne Drltlsh-tinrned the Capitol the Supreme Court hunt tomeet elsewhere as did Congress By a similaraccident it might be compelled foment In tornother part of Washington next October Or rsuggested Congress might require It to meetIn some other city and It would have to raettthere In tlmt respect Congress Is much th-

sitporlorof the Supreme CourtThe court rendered nearly 300 decisions oa

Its final duty For two weoks before that tlm-

tho members of tine court mot dally la theirconsulting room awl debated the Importantquestions which wore before them for adjucJi

cation It Is customary for the court to Jjvote the last two weeks a session to the teasldoratlon of cases already argued o-

as to determine as many as possiblebefore recess but la spite ot the dlligent work ot tine Justices mote than1200 cases ore left on the docket Thereare fIfteen cases In which argument has loeamade bntno decision has been rendered Thnew law establishing additional Circuit Courtswhich goes Into effect this monthvrlll do muchto keep the Supreme Court docket clear ot newcases and will Rive tho court some opportunityto catch up with Ha delayed business

The decisions In Bupromo Court cases artrendered always oa Mondays Each Is realby tIne Justice who has prepared It In consuIting the Justices determine on a verdctand the labor ot preparing an opinion lu ao-cordanco with this verdict Is delegated to oneof their number In the privacy of his ownlibrary the Justice prepares an opinion Irlelor extended which ho lays bolero the courtapproval If nil do not agree those whoare lu thin minority may simply announce th athey dissent they may prepare un e uborate minority report to bo rend by outs r ftheir number TUB Justice ulio writes thiopinion reads It from his own iiianuMrliit itwould not be sale to trust this manuscrli totIne hands of a copyist or the primer tocuuputhere would bo risk of 1 rovolnilon or its tontents prior to tho time ol the lormul an-nnuncemont of the courts decision TIMmight not be harmful in a minority of casesbut In many It would have n veryImportant bearing on stocks nfl oIlierinterests In the early hUtoiy ot tlie courtthe written opinions wire Itloit with tIne cerand they remain on reconl In act they formtine only lecmd winch tint iouit tins of itsearly decisions hines 1H5U tine decisions tunebeen sent to tine printer and printed copies olthem have lean me lu the archives ul thacourt Tho original decisions me returnod tothe Justices who wiote them The most Im-portant decision huwaver hive been placeJon file because of their historical value Tbaclerk of the court has made a collection of thedecisions which contains the manuscript ofevery Justice of the court with a tow excep-tions

¬

There is no manuscript ol Chief Jus-tice

¬

Marshall among themThe retuorts of tine decisions of the Supreme

Court which BO out to the world through tinedully newspapers are caught from the lips oftIne members of the court ai they are real andare copied from the declslone after they nrusent to the clerks office Itoporttra from timetwo press associations so Into the courtroomehortly before noon on Monday The ourt isopened at noon anti a few minutes afterwardthe reading of tine decisions Is begun it takesa bright clearheaded and bbarpoared manto follow tine reading of the decisions GeorgeKennan the famous Siberian traveller wastjne Supreme Court reporter ot hue Aeuciatsd-Press for many years and it Is customary lorthe pros associations to assign a ellticjgodman to this work The decisions are reel usu-ally

¬

in a low droning voice Thn readme israther n tribute to custom and to tim dignity ofthe court for it would answer all purposesmuch better it the court merely announcedthe character of tine decision and left its de-tails

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to be furnished by the court report liltbe possible tho reporters lame hurried totesof the ohief points In tine decision If thor cantnot get more than a vague idea of the decisionor If It be long and complicated they go to theclerks office where usually they run get anopportunity to toad the opinion before It issent to tine printer

The Justices are arbitrary In their doallnaswith tine reporters and sometimes the aro-ltianness takes an unpleasant and Ineonvcnlsuit form Itlsery likely that a Justice afterreading an elaborate decision of some importint case may put the manuscript ot the deci-sion

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In his pocket anna take It horns with himto the Utter confusion of tine rep mom n bo arewaiting fora glimpse of It A call at the Jus-tices homo at night usually reunite In tine pro-duction

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of the manuscript but not invariablyTine Justices object tn nnvlng literal quota-tions

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made from their decisions mint the clerkIn truing tile decisions over to tine report-ers

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absolutely prohibits any literal extractsfrom thorn Everything that tine Jn tice nanmay be put In the reporter own Innuunue andtolJ to tine public but until tho olllclal reportot the proceeding of tine court is publishedunder tIne auspices of the court tbo languageot the decision itself must not bo quoted un-

less¬

special permission is given as is done Inrare cases

Charges ot leakage of Important decisionshave boon very few There Iis little doubt thatthe decision In the Dell telephone curse reachedthin ears of the speculators before it was anuonneed and that the know dgo that tiepatent would bo sustiilneii netted them anenormous sum Thnro was a general Ileliefthat the doe lon would he In layer of Itll hutthe uncertainty about It kept the telephonestock In an uneasy and doiiieswl conditionWhen tine decision win announced It wont upWith a bound anil tine speculators wino haulbought meanly on time advance news innloenormous profits honorattnchns to thenamno tnt tine Jnsllco wIno wrote the decisionA member nf hlshnusohohi obtained sun ruoptltloui knowlodeo of tim character of the de-

cision¬

and tine Information was purchased bythe Kiioculaoii Timer pnlil for it onlyIn promisor however The dishonest parti1to thin transaction did not profit by their parIhlv The PI Ice of their dishonor wits naiortumId and thay wore not In a position tu makeoutcry nljoiit their dlaappolutmout or to domaui sutisfactlou-

lmn Juntlco Field was nlsrusKoa as aPresidential possibility on tine INdUo math-0th tif Mm campaign stories put In elrculntlonamused him or usinc lila advance KnowliMluaof tine rourtHdeclelons for stock speculationIt was said that he inerlved telecrnms fiornills lookers under A false lnatnia womans-nini That nuoiisalloii was denied ilnty wasoniiiKiiil characterised us u cumpalua He

Lund gained littlo credence

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