HVAC, Motors & ControlsOptimize Your HVAC System

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Free technologySmart Networked Thermostats Free equipment and installation Centralized Management of Heating and Cooling

Equipment Monitor & control from a centralized web portal Typical 10% heating and cooling energy savings Must participate in limited number of Community

Energy Events

Must participate in 15 community energy events or 75% of all events, which ever is less

At least 75% of devices have to play to get credit for event

Events are 2-hours and held 1pm -7pm (typically 3pm-5pm)

South – 1 June – September 30

No events the day before or on holidays – 2 event max per week

Facility can’t have a Energy Management System

Prefer 5 or more thermostats

Participation requirements

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SolarGenerations

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SolarGenerations incentives

Expected Performance- Performance-BasedBased Buydown Incentive

Up to 25 kW size 25 kw – 500 kW size

• Public, Low Income, Non-profit $490 per kilowatt $0.0527 per kWh

• Residential, Commercial, Industrial $245 per kilowatt $0.0264 per kWh

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SolarGenerations offering

• Continuously open

• Eligible for system size up to 500 kW

• Incentives are paid up front for small systems (EPBB) and over time for larger systems (PBI)

Agenda

HVAC

Chiller/RTU

Motors

Pumps

Fans

Controls

VFDs

Programming

Sequence of operations

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Oversizing

On average, building fan systems in the US are oversized by 60%*

Most chillers are oversized by 50-200%**

Spend < 1% of operation at full load

Don’t add “safety factors” when sizing or selecting

Better dehumidification

Smaller equipment will dehum better, allowing higher cooling setpoints

Less temperature swings

Equipment runs event cycles instead of rapid on… off… on…

Lower first cost

Less energy (kWh) consumption and lower demand (kW) charges

*John Hopkins Univ. AICGS Policy Report **US EPA Report “Good Energy Management is Good Business”

Chillers

Chiller illustration

Energy Design Resources

3 Ways to increase chiller efficiency• Chilled water reset

• Supply 42-44o

• Return 54-55o

• VFD on chiller (15-25% savings)• Premium motors for pumps (VFDs)

Chiller capacity

Energy Design Resources

Chiller power kW/ton

Automated Buildings

Modern day chillers 0.45

Chiller comparison

Chilled water economizer

Energy Design Resources

HVAC systems (RTUs)

Schematic

Carrier

Advanced building strategies

US Department of Energy

Decision tree

RTU planning strategy

Assessment

Age II

Maintenance

Condition Equipment Repair

Upgrade

I Inventory

Energy Savings Retrofit Cost Control

Planned Replacement

$$$ to bottom line

Optimize

Planning

Sizing Purchasing III

Replacement

Scheduling

Data plate

What is your equipment baseline?

Investing in aged equipment may not be the best option

Review past service invoices for problem units

Identify the “worst of the worst”

Formulate a plan

Replacement approach

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Energy efficiency consumption

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Efficiency comparison

Controls

Advanced RTU controllers will have the best performance under the following conditions:

Existing RTU

Constant speed supply fan operation

Greater than 7.5 tons (evaporator fan >2 hp)

At least 5 years remaining life

Existing building

More than 50 hours per week operation

High electricity rates (over $0.10/kWh blended rate)

Located in a climate with significant swing seasons

Advanced controls

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Control devices

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RTU retrofit controls

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VFD cost

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Fan law curve

NEX REV

Average VFD project savings for retail application

12 RTUs, 20 tons each

134,760 kWh/year savings

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VFD savings

Retrofit to fans

Varies the power input to motor

On average, building fan systems in the US are oversized by 60%

If a motor running at 100% speed costs $1,000/month, what about:

Running at 75% speed = $420

Running at 50% speed = $125

Due to the Affinity Laws

Soft start means less wear and tear on couplings, belts, and motors –lower demand charge

Payback less than 18 months

*John Hopkins Univ. AICGS Policy Report

VFDs

Economizers

Many systems have never been commissioned at all

Perform functional performance tests

Economizer dampers and controls inoperative or in poor condition

Test bi-annually, repair or replace

Sensors not recalibrated on regular basis (especially enthalpy and CO2sensors)

Recalibrate sensors bi-annually

Other issues

Systems have been locked out by operator

Scheduling is not optimized (sometime running 24/7)

Economizer control not optimal (too high of OA setpoint)33

Economizer optimization

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Economizer hours

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Economizer savings

ACCA

CO2-based Demand Control Ventilation

(DCV)Now part of the building code in many municipalities

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Numerous studies confirm that correct ventilation: Increases productivity

Improves occupant/customer satisfaction

Helps prevent sick building syndrome health affects

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CO2 studies

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CO2 levels

ASHRAE

Easy to retrofit

Adaptive intelligent recovery

2-stage stat for integrated economizer as 1st stage

Shut off ventilation during unoccupied hours

Internet accessible

Payback less than 6 months

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Programmable T-stats

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Pelican wireless

Motors

Smaller Motors

Shaded Pole

Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) Motors

Electronically Commutated Motor (ECM)

Efficiency of SP vs. PSC vs. ECM

Motor Type SP PSC ECM

Watts Input 43.8 29.0 20.0

Watts Output 13.2 13.2 13.2

Watts Loss 30.6 15.8 6.8

Efficiency 30.1% 45.5% 66%

ECM Watts Saved 23.8 9.0 -

kWhrs Saved/year 197 74.5 -

Savings at $0.10/kWhr $19.70 7.45 -

*Conservatively assumes case runs 23 hours per day and 360 days per year for a total running time of 8280 hours per year.

Range from 60-75% efficiency

Quiet, less heat, multi-speed or variable

Wide range of operability choices compared to older AC HVAC motors

Electronically Commutated Motors (ECMs)

Can start and stop slowly, speeds can be easily adjusted

1.5 to 4 times in cost

Commonly <1 -10 HP

Switched-reluctance motors (SRM)

Electronically Commutated Motors (ECMs)

Pics from Johnson Controls

Premium vs. standard

Success stories

Silver Legacy Resort Casino

Installed: Lifting station pumps with VFDs

Cooling tower motor VFDs that modulate load from 20% to 100%

Logging was conducted pre- and post-installation for energy savings verification

Incentive payment: $14,400.00

kWh savings: 82,571.11 annual

Installed:

Upgraded controls and repaired economizer stuck in open position

Ductless split for the 10x12 server room

Increased comfort for office space and reduced energy consumption on the 80 ton system

Incentive payment: $6,497.20

kWh savings: 107,930

Nevada State Bank

Installed:

New condenser water pumps and chilled water pumps

Butterfly isolation valve to enable free cooling using the lake and the cooling towers at the same time

Mezzanine pump to deliver additional GPM while under heat exchanger modes

Energy savings derived from better use of equipment in the plant and utilization of variable speed drives

Incentive payment: $117,199.85 (tiered)

kWh savings: 2,313,248

Grand Sierra Resort

THANK YOU!

Louis Tisenchek, HVAC Consultant, DNV GL

1-800-342-6335commercial@nvenergy.com