Post on 08-Jul-2020
Centered
Technology
Volume 2
Proceedings
of the
Human Factors
and Ergonomics
Society
40th
Annual
Meeting
universitAtsbibuothekhannover
technische
.informationsbi8liothek
V»..M.I 1,11,11.1.1 .-..'
1996
UB/TIB Hannover
115 351 272
89
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PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996
Feasibility of Military Occupational Specialty 678
Job Analysis and Redesign to Reduce PhysicalDemands in the U.S. Army
Rene J. de Pontbriand and Joseph J. Knapik
A Study of Compatibility of Army Systems with 683
Anthropometric Characteristics of Female Soldiers
Wendy L. Todd, Steven P. Paquette, and
Carolyn K. Bensel
ERGONOMICS IN CONSTRUCTION, MINING,
AND PAPER INDUSTRIES [Lecture]Thomas J. Albin (Chair), Sean Gallagher (Cochair)
Reports of Regional Body Discomfort during 688
Carpenter Apprentice Training
Peregrin 0. Spielholz and Steven F. Wiker
An Ergonomic Evaluation of a Drywall Board 693
Transport Handle: Single-Person Transport Task
Mark A. Stuart and Kerith K. Zellers
Ergonomics Cost Benefits Case Study in a Paper 698
Manufacturing CompanyDan MacLeod and Anita Morris
MEASUREMENT OF GRIP FORCE AND WRIST
REPETITION [Lecture]Robert G. Radwin (Chair), Mary Ann Holbein
(Cochair)
Effects of Glove Frictional Characteristics and 702
Load on Grasp Force and Grasp Control
Lisa Bronkema-Orr and Ram R. Bishu
Gender, Grip Span, Anthropometric Dimensions, and 707
Time Effects on Grip Strength and Discomfort
M. Peggy Pazderka, Melissa R. Henderson, and
M. Susan Hallbeck
Effects of Interdigital Spacing, Wrist Position, 712
Forearm Position, Grip Span, and Gender on
Static Grip StrengthAngela Hansen and M. Susan Hallbeck
Validation of a Frequency-Weighted Filter for 717
Repetitive Wrist Flexion Tasks against a Load
Mei-Li Lin and Robert G. Radwin
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 AND 2 723
Volume 2
MEDICAL SYSTEMS AND
REHABILITATION
TELEMEDICINE APPLICATIONS: 727*
EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES FOR
CLINICAL INTERVENTION, CONSULTATION,AND HOME HEALTH CARE [Panel]
Deborah P. Birkmire (Chair), Leslie A. Whitaker
(Cochair); Panelists: Leslie J. Peters, Linda Brink, and
Marilyn Sue Bogner
INTERFACE ISSUES IN MEDICINE AND REHAB
[Lecture]
Sherry Perdue Casali (Chair), Laura G. Militello
(Cochair)
Facilitating Information Acquisition for Over-the- 732
Counter Drugs Using Supplemental Labels
Michael S. Wogalter, Amy Barlow Magurno,Kevin L. Scott, and David A. Dietrich
Three-Dimensional Functional Capacity of Normals 737and Low Back Pain Patients
Sue A. Ferguson, William S. Marras, and
Robert R. Crowell
An Interface Agent for Retrieval of Patient-Specific 742
Cancer Information
Wayne W. Zachary, Michael A. Szczepkowski,
Jean-Christophe Le Mentec, Stanley M. Schwartz,Darius Miller, and Michael A. Bookman
Simulator Limitations and Their Effects on 747
Decision MakingColin F. Mackenzie, Ben D. Harper, and Yan Xiao
MEDICAL HUMAN FACTORS [Panel] 752*
Marilyn Sue Bogner (Chair), William H. Muto
(Cochair), F. Jacob Seagull (Contributor)Panelists: Thomas P. Gross, Thomas N. Jones,
Penelope M. Sanderson, Igal Nevo, William H. Muto,
and Yoel Donchin
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTED NETWORKS FOR 757*
COLLABORATIVE WORK IN SEMISTRUCTURED
INFORMATION-PROCESSING ENVIRONMENTS
[Symposium]Richard E. Christ (Chair), Thomas Plocher (Cochair),
John A. Modrick (abstract author)
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submittad for publication
XVI PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996
PRESTO: Multimedia Distributed Network for 758
Collaborative Work in Command and Control
John A. Modrick
Computer Support for Cooperative Work in **
Distributed Supervisory Control
Patricia M. Jones
Multiagent Societies for Collaborative Interaction 762
Robin R. Penner
Collaborative Systems Research: Establishing 767
Ecological Approaches through the
Living LaboratoryMichael D. McNeese
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND 772*
ERGONOMICS: MISCIBLE OR IMMISCIBLE?
[Panel]Michael W. Riley (Chair), Anand K. Gramopadhye(Cochair)Panelists: Colin G. Drury, Robert L. Getty,Thomas J. Albin, and Ram R. Bishu
DISTINGUISHED LECTURE IN ODAM [InvitedAddress]
Gavriel Salvendy (Chair), Hal W. Hendrick
(Cochair), Hal W. Hendrick and Michelle M. Robertson
(Discussants)
Psychosocial Considerations in Upper Extremity 776
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Michael J. Smith
KEY ADVANCES IN JOB DESIGN: RECENT
APPLICATIONS [Lecture]Barrett S. Caldwell (Chair), Caren L. Wenner
(Cochair)
A Field Study of the Product Development Process as 781a First Step in the Design of a System to SupportConcurrent Engineering
Melroy E. D'Souza and Joel S. Greenstein
Sociotechnical Design Factors for Virtual Team 786Performance
Amoldo R. Cano and Brian M. Kleiner
Understanding Individual Learning for Organizational 791
LearningRajendra D. Paul
Active and Latent Failures in Aircraft Ground 796
Damage Incidents
Caren L. Wenner and Colin G. Drury
SAFETY
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY: PERCEPTIONSOF RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY [Lecture]
J. Paul Frantz (Chair), R. Todd Brown (Cochair)
Perceptions of Risk Associated wiui Drinking 801Alcoholic Beverages
Meredith L. McQuilkin, Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr.,and David R. Lovvoll
Subject Differences in the Perception of Risk 805
Stephen L. Young
Allocation of Responsibility for Child Safety 810Kenneth R. Laughery, Sr., David R. Lovvoll, and
Mereditii L. McQuilkin
Responsibility for Product Safety in the 814Work Environment
David R. Lovvoll, Kennem R. Laughery, Sr.,Meredith L. McQuilkin, and Michael S. Wogalter
ARNOLD SMALL LECTURE IN SAFETY [InvitedAddress]
Jerry R. Duncan (Chair), Michael J. Kalsher (Cochair)
The Pathology of Everyday Things: The Role of 818
Building Design Standards in Injury Prevention and
the Role of Ergonomics—and Ergonomists—in the
Standards Development Process
Jake L. Pauls
DIVERSITY IN SAFETY RESEARCH [Lecture]David W. Martin (Chair), Curt C. Braun (Cochair)
Understanding of Aviation Safety Pictograms among 820Respondents from Europe and the United States
Florian G. Jentsch
Differences in the Evacuation Behavior of Office 825
and Apartment Building OccupantsGuylene Proulx and Joelle Pineau
Framing Effect in Decision Making in Wildland 830
Fire Safety Officers
Stephanie A. Glusker, Nicki Jo Chadwick,and Curt C. Braun
Analysis of me Causes of Ergonomics-Related 835
Injuries at a Multifaceted Public UniversityEllen M. Kraft
AUDITORY RESEARCH: DEVELOPMENTS AND
APPLICATIONS [Lecture]Curt C. Braun (Chair), R. Todd Brown (Cochair)
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUALMEETING — 1996 xm
How Subject and Experimenter Variables Influence 840
Estimates of Hearing Protector Attenuation UsingANSI-Standardized Testing Procedures
Mark G. Mears, John R. Franks, and
John G. Casali
Measuring Perceived Urgency to Create Safe 845
Auditory WarningsEllen C. Haas and Judy Edworthy
Spatial Proximity of Multiple Alarms and the 850
Cry-Wolf Phenomenon
Daniel P. McDonald, Richard D. Gilson, and
Mustapha Mouloua
Differentiated Alarms for Carbon Monoxide Detectors 855
Carol Pollack-Nelson
SPECIAL SESSIONS
NEW TOOLS FOR OBSERVATION, MODELING,
AND PROTOTYPING [Demonstrations]David Baker (Chair), Robert E. Llaneras (Cochair)
Decomposition of Driver Reaction Time Using 860*
Video Multiplexed Views and Data OverlaysJonathan M. Hankey, Daniel V. McGehee, and
Thomas A. Dingus
A Hypertext Database for the Design of Visual 861*
Inspection OperationsJoseph H. Goldberg, Xerxes P. Kotval, and
Esa Rantanen
HTML as a Prototyping Environment 862*
C. Michael Harmon, Robert J. Logan, and
Skip Comer
GAMES FOR EXPLAINING HUMAN FACTORS: **
COME AND PARTICIPATE [Alternative Format]
Ronald G. Shapiro (Chair), Susan J. Shapiro (Cochair)
Participants: Ronald G. Shapiro, Susan J. Shapiro,
and Tina M. Brunetti-Sayer
TOOLS FOR THE COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF
HUMAN-MACHINEINTERACTIONS [Demonstrations]Clint A. Bowers (Chair)
Instrumented Interface Construction Evaluator 863*
James H. Hicinbothom
GINA: A Workbench for Constructing Interface 864*
AgentsWayne W. Zachary, Jean-Christophe Le Mentec,
and Serge D. Schremmer
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
BRIDGING THE RESEARCH/PRACTICE GAP: 865
HUMAN FACTORS PRACTITIONERS'
OPPORTUNITY FOR INPUT TO DEFINE
RESEARCH FOR THE REST OF THE
DECADE [ALTERNATIVE FORMAT]Paula Sind-Prunier (Chair)
HUMAN ERROR ANALYSIS AND DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEMS [Demonstrations]
Kimberly Smith-Jentsch (Chair)
A Tactical Decision Support System Based on 868*
Naturalistic Cognitive Processes
Ronald A. Moore, Michael L. Quinn, and
Jeffrey G. Morrison
Demonstration of a Prototype Knowledge-Based 869*
System for Estimating Human Error Probabilities
Heidi Ann Hahn, Jack L. Auflick, and
Jerome A. Morzinski
IMPLEMENTING THE ANSI Z-365 STANDARD 870*
FOR CONTROL OF WORK-RELATED
CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS [Panel]Robert G. Radwin (Chair)Panelists: Thomas J. Albin, Thomas J. Armstrong,
Larry J. Fine, Bradley Joseph, Robert G. Radwin,Stover H. Snook, and Carol Stuart-Buttle
SURFACE TRANSPORTATION
EVALUATING COMPLEX TASKS IN
TRANSPORTATION [Lecture]Louis Tijerina (Chair), Michael A. Mollenhauer
(Cochair)
Operator Support in Traffic Management: 872
A Heuristics Model and an Experimental StudyJohn Murray and Yili Liu
Simulator Evaluation of Heavy-Vehicle Driver 877
Workload: II. Complex Secondary Tasks
Barry H. Kantowitz, Richard J, Hanowski,
and Louis Tijerina
Task-Map Coherence for the Design of In-Vehicle 882
Navigation DisplaysGirish V. Prabhu, Valerie L. Shalin,
Colin G. Drury, and Martin G. Helander
Autonomous Route Guidance System Field Test 887
James P. Foley and Michael J. Hudak
xviii PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996
COLLISION AVOIDANCE [Lecture]Barry S. Grant (Chair), Tina M. Brunetti-Sayer(Cochair)
Field Measurement of Naturalistic Backing 891
Behavior
Jeffrey L. Harpster, Richard W. Huey, Jr.,and Neil D. Lemer
Initial Driver Avoidance Behavior and Reaction Time 896
to an Unalerted Intersection Incursion
Jonathan M. Hankey, Daniel V. McGehee,Thomas A. Dingus, Elizabem N. Mazzae, and
W. Riley Garrott
Braking Response Times for 100 Drivers in the 900
Avoidance of an Unexpected Obstacle as Measured
in a Driving Simulator
Nancy L. Broen and Dean P. Chiang
Sound Localization: Information Theory Analysis 905
John S. Wallace, Donald L. Fisher, and John Collura
ROADWAY VISIBILITY [Lecture]Valmon J. Pezoldt (Chair), Frances A. Greene
(Cochair)
Pictorial Negations: Preferences for Different 910
Circle-Slash Variations
Barbara L. Glover, Amy B. Magurno,La Tondra A. Murray, and Michael S. Wogalter
Conspicuity Advantage of Fluorescent Color Targets 915
in the Field
Helmut T. Zwahlen and Thomas Schnell
Visibility of Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings 919
as a Function of Line Configuration and Line Width
Helmut T. Zwahlen and Thomas Schnell
Age Differences in Visual Abilities in Nighttime 923
Driving Field Conditions
Susan T. Chrysler, Suzanne M. Danielson, and
Virginia M. Kirby
EFFECTS OF AGE, ABILITIES, AND 928*
SELECTED ERGONOMIC INTERVENTIONSON COMMERCIAL DRIVING [Symposium]
Robert W. Swezey (Chair), Steven K. Johns (Cochair),Harold P. Van Cott (Discussant)
Older Commerical Drivers: Literature Review 929
John F. Brock, Robert E. Llaneras, and
Robert W. Swezey
Older Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Abilities, Age, 933and Driving Performance
Robert E. Llaneras, Robert W. Swezey, and
John F. Brock
Research to Enhance the Safe Driving Performance 938of Older Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Effects of
Selected Ergonomic Interventions upon DrivingPerformance
William C. Rogers, Robert E. Llaneras,Robert W. Swezey, and John F. Brock
ACCIDENT CAUSATION AND RISK [Lecture]Daniel V. McGehee (Chair), Deborah M. Freund
(Cochair)
A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance 943Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration
R. Wade Allen, Zareh Parseghian, and
Anthony C. Stein
Operator Experience and Accident Risk 947
Thomas J. Ayres, Edward C. Lau,Richard A. Schmidt, and Douglas E. Young
Fatigue and Trucking Accidents: Two Modes of 952
Accident Causation
Stephen L. Young and Lobat Hashemi
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
FROM USER NEEDS TO DESIGN [Lecture]Rene Joseph de Pontbriand (Chair), Kim J. Vicente
(Cochair)
Analysis of Interview and Focus Group Data for 957
Characterizing Environments
Sally M. Cohen, Michael D. Gravelle,Karen S. Wilson, and Ann M. Bisantz
Foreign Language Tutoring—Implications for 962
Software DevelopmentSusan G. Dahl, Beth M. Plott, and
Jonathan D. Kaplan
Bridging the Gap between User-Centered Intentions 967
and Actual Design Practice
David D. Woods, Emily S. Patterson,James M. Corban, and Jennifer C. Watts
Measuring the Impact of Ecological Interface 972
Design on Operator Skill AcquisitionDianne E. Howie and Kim J. Vicente
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
PROCEEDINGS ofthe HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING —1996 xvc
DESIGNING FOR REDUCED MANNING AND THE
IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATION [Lecture]Harold R. Booher (Chair), Troy D. Kelley (Cochair)
Human Systems Integration in Navy Ship 977
Manpower Reduction
J. Robert Bost, Thomas B. Malone,
Clifford C. Baker, and Charles D. Williams
Function Allocation for Future Systems: Developing 982
an Improved MethodologyCatherine A. Cook, Colin Corbridge,Melanie T. Older, Chris W. Clegg, and
Patrick E. Waterson
Human Performance Modeling of Reduced Manning 987
Concepts for Navy ShipsRick D. Archer, G. W. Lewis, and John Lockett
Human Factors Challenges for Advanced Process 992
Control
William F. Stubler and John M. O'Hara
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: APPLICATION TO
DESIGN [Lecture]John Lockett (Chair), Christopher C. Heasly (Cochair)
Advanced Taxi Map Display Design for Low- 997
Visibility OperationsVernol Battiste, Michael Downs, and
Robert S. McCann
An Application of Auditory Alarm Research in the 1002
Design of Warning Sounds for a Integrated TowerAir Traffic Control Computer System
G. Jonathan Wolfman, Douglas L. Miller, and
Alton J. Volanth
Extrapolating CRT Color Use Research to LCD 1007
Flat-Panel Color Selection: Lessons Learned
Alton J. Volanth, Douglas L. Miller, and
G. Jonathan Wolfinan
Alphanumeric Data Entry and Editing on a 1012
Telephone-Type KeypadDaniel D. Riley and Floyd A. Glenn III
TEST AND EVALUATION
DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND MEASURES
[Lecture]Valerie J. Gawron (Chair), David Meister (Cochair)
Feasibility of a Portable Data Acquisition System 1017
for Driver Performance TestingRichard J. Carter, Philip F. Spelt, and
Frank S. Barickman
The Use of Interobserver Methods in System Tests: 1022
A Methodological Case StudyDavid L. Clarke and Barry H. Beith
Workplace Environment Digitization Using a Portable 1026
Measurement System: A Standardized MetiiodologyRebecca A. Unger, Bradley D. Purvis,Joe W. McDaniel, and Carl E. Orr
The Windows Computer Experience Questionnaire 1027
Laura A. Miller and Kay M. Stanney
ENHANCED MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES[Lecture]
Valerie J. Gawron (Chair), David Meister (Cochair)
Subdivision of Grading Units Can Increase the 1032
Reliability of Performance TestingDouglas H. Harris
An Investigation of Various Factors Affecting 1036
Measurement Accuracy of the TekScan Seat
Pressure SystemHongzheng Lu and Gang Lin
Application of Cognitive Measures and Models in 1041
Predicting Point-of-Sale Terminal Performance
Beth Meyer and Richard Catrambone
A Method to Assign Weights of Importance to 1046
Design Requirments in Human-Machine
Systems DesignHelmut T. Zwahlen, Tom Pracharktam, and
Thomas Schnell
TRAINING
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING LEARNING
[Lecture]Anand K. Gramopadhye (Chair), Daina E. Pupons(Cochair)
Augmented Concurrent Feedback Degrades Learning: 1051
Implications for Training and Simulation
Richard A. Schmidt and Gabriele Wulf
The Transfusion Medicine Tutor: A Model for the 1055
Design and Use of Expert Systems for TeachingJodi Heintz Obradovich
Switching Attention between Tasks: Exploration of 1060
the Components of Executive Control and Their
Development with TrainingDaniel Gopher, Yaakov Greenshpan, and
Lilach Armony
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
XX PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING— 1996
Training Interface Design and Task-Analytic 1065
Methods
Marcia B. Crosland, Neff Walker,
Gregory M. Corso, and Erik Sparre
TRAINING ISSUES: HUMAN FACTORS IN 1070*
AVIATION [Symposium]Prasad V. Prabhu (Chair), Anand K. Gramopadhye(Cochair)
Application of Advanced Technology to 1072
Team TrainingAnand K. Gramopadhye, David C. Kraus,Pradeep Rao, and Daniel Jebaraj
Team Situation Awareness in Aviation Maintenance 1077
Mica R. Endsley and Michelle M. Robertson
Integrating Training into Human Factors 1082
ImplementationColin G. Drury
System for Training in Aviation Regulations: 1087
Situating the Work Experience through Storytellingand Multimedia Techniques
Terrell N. Chandler
EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF FACTORS INFLUENCING
LEARNING [Lecture]Clint A, Bowers (Chair), Joseph P. Haschart (Cochair)
Effects of Performance Strategies on the Air 1092
Traffic Control Simulation Test
Thomas L. Seamster, Richard E. Redding,and Dana L. Broach
Effects of Exercise and Alternating Task Modules 1097
in Skill AcquisitionBarry P. Goettl, Wayne L. Shebilske,Catherine Connolly-Gomez, and
Linda Robertson-Schul6
Pattern-Driven Visual Search for Multiple Defects 1102
Anpin "Max" Chin and Ram R. Bishu
A Comparison of Landing Site Safety Training 1107
Techniques for LoggersVicki L. Neale and Thomas A. Dingus
VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
SENSORY PERCEPTIONS IN VIRTUAL
ENVIRONMENTS [Lecture]Paul Milgram (Chair), Maxwell J. Wells (Cochair)
Distance Perception in Virtual Environments: 1H2Effects of Field of View and Surface Texture at
Near Distances
Paul B. Kline and Bob G. Winner
Spatial Perception in Desktop Virtual Environments 1117Dennis C. Neale
Assessing the Impact of Control and Sensory 1122Compatibility on Sickness in Virtual Environments
Christopher J. Rich and Curt C. Braun
Developing Automated Methods to Quantify the 1126Visual Stimulus for Cybersickness
Robert S. Kennedy, Kevin S. Berbaum,William P. Dunlap, and Lawrence J. Hettinger
VISUAL AND VESTIBULAR DISPLAYS IN VIRTUAL
ENVIRONMENTS [Lecture]Robert S. Kennedy (Chair), Sherrie A. Jones (Cochair)
An Initial Evaluation of a Direct Vestibular 1131
Display in a Virtual Environment
Jeffrey D. Cress, Lawrence J. Hettinger,James A. Cunningham, Gary E. Riccio,Grant R. McMillan, and Michael W. Haas
Effect of Visual Display Parameters on Driving 1136
Performance in a Virtual Environments
Driving Simulator
Oren H. Levine and Ronald R. Mourant
Impact of Varying Levels of Autostereovision upon 1141
TelemanipulationSteven F. Wiker, Daniel R. Baker,Steven R. Arndt, and Weijia Zhou
Exploring the Influence of a Virtual Body on 1146
Spatial Awareness
Mark H. Draper, Maxwell J. Wells,
Valerie J. Gawron, and Thomas A. Furness III
VISUAL PERFORMANCE
GRAPHS, TABLES, AND CONFIGURAL DISPLAYS
[Lecture]Robert K. Osgood (Chair), Michael Venturino
(Cochair)
Predicting Values and Trends from Tables and 1151
GraphsMarcia Kuskin Shamo, Joachim Meyer, and
Daniel Gopher
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING— 1996 xxt
Display of Quantitative Information: Are Grables 1155
Better than Plain Graphs or Tables?
Jessica K. Hink, Michael S. Wogalter,and Jason K. Eustace
The Effect of Configural Graphs on Concurrent and 1160
Retrospective Performance
Karel Hurts
Design Techniques to Offset Potential Costs in 1165
Configural DisplaysKevin B. Bennett, Bob Nittoli, and Brett Walters
ASSESSMENT AND MEASUREMENT OF 1170*
SITUATION AWARENESS [Panel]Daniel J. Garland (Chair), Mica R. Endsley
(Cochair)Panelists: Mica R. Endsley, Anthony D. Andre,
Peter A. Hancock, Steven J. Selcon, and
Michael A. Vidulich
POTPOURRI I [Lecture]
Barry P. Goetti (Chair), Carita DeVilbiss (Cochair)
Comparison of Variable Coded Symbology to a 1174
Conventional Tactical Situation Display Method
William A. Nugent
Tabular versus Schematic Designs for Air Defense 1179
Equipment DisplaysBeverly G. Knapp, Kenneth C. Reynolds,Richard Steinberg, and Wendy J. Markert
Single and Combined Visual Distance Cues 1184
Kelly G. Elliott, Elizabeth T. Davis,Robert A. King, and Greg E. Fujawa
Subjective Image Quality Evaluation of Image 1188
Compression TechniquesCathlyn Y. Wen and Robert J. Beaton
STEREOSCOPIC AND MOTION DISPLAYS [Lecture]Maxwell J. Wells (Chair), Mark H. Draper (Cochair)
Stereoscopic Depth Perception in Simulated Displays: 1193
What Helps and What Hurts?
John W. Akers, Elizabeth T. Davis, and
Robert A. King
Effects of Age on the Judged Distance to Virtual 1197
Objects in the Near Visual Field
Stephen R. Ellis and Brian M. Menges
Research Paradigm as a Factor Influencing 1202
Estimates of Time to Contact
Michael P. Manser, Peter A. Hancock, and
Carolyn A. Kinney
Active Control versus Passive Perception of 1207
Heading: Evidence for Different
Perceptual Mechanisms
Brian P. Dyre, Rik Warren, and Sheila A. Gamess
VIGILANCE AND VISUAL SEARCH PERFORMANCE
[Lecture]Mark W. Scerbo (Chair), Joel S. Warm (Cochair)
Knowledge of Results in Simultaneous and 1212
Successive Tasks: What Children Can Teach Us
Pamela J. Bishop, Mark W. Scerbo,Michelle L. Kelley, Glynn D. Coates,and Frank Aiello Til
Effects of Caffeine and Gender on Vigilance and 1217
MarksmanshipRichard F. Johnson and Donna J, Merullo
Multiple Monitors and Knowledge of Results in 1222
Vigilance: The Decrement Still Wins
Peter J. Ceplenski, Mark W. Scerbo, and
Debra A. Major
Effects of Spatial Auditory Preview on Dynamic 1227
Visual Search Performance
Bartholomew Elias
POTPOURRI H [Lecture]Leonard D. Williams (Chair), Joseph J. Galushka
(Cochair)
The Value of Display Space at Encoding and 1232
Retrieval in Keeping Track
Stephen M. Hess and Mark C. Detweiler
Dual-Task Performance as a Function of Individual 1237
Alarm Validity and Alarm System ReliabilityInformation
James P. Bliss, Sonya M. Jeans, and
Heidi J. Prioux
The Mueller-Lyer Illusion Produced by Features 1242
in MapsWilliam Schmidt and Douglas J. Gillan
Evaluation of ANSI/HFS 100-1988 Fucker 1247
Assessment Mediod
Megan M. Jones and Robert J. Beaton
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted forpublication
xxii PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996
POSTERS
Establishing Baseline Measures for Air Traffic 1252*
Control SystemsJoseph Galushka, Richard Mogford, and
Kenneth Allendoerfer
The Sky Arc: A New Symbology for Attitude 1252*
Control
Gina T. Galante and Sam A. Metalis
Examining the Relationship between 1253*
Communications and Situation Awareness
(SA) in the Tactical Air-to-Air
Environment
Brian T. Schreiber, Kelly M. Lee,William B. Raspotnik, and David C. Hubbard
Examining die Relationship between Errors and 1253*
Situation Awareness in a Simulated Combat
Environment
Kelly M. Lee, Brian T. Schreiber,William B. Raspotnik, and C. B. Sinclair
An Evaluation of Visual-Vestibular Sensory 1254*
Conflict from Physical and Visual Orientation
Marcus H. Gregory and Justin D. Rueb
Use of Human Factors Computer Modeling to 1254*
Predict Locations and Settings for Crew Aids
Used in Extravehicular Activity on an
International Space Station Assembly Mission
H. Charles Dischinger, Jr., Ann M. Evans,
and Tomas E. Loughead
Age-Related Effects of Blocked and Random 1255*
Training for Automatic Teller Machines
Brian A. Jamieson and Wendy A. Rogers
Map Reading in Older Adults 1255*
Cathy D. Emery
Human Reliability, Task Analysis, and Older 1256*
Workers in Technological ManufacturingEnvironments
R. Darin Ellis and Edward Pines
The Impact of Age on Occupants' Behavior 1256*
during a Residential Fire
Guylene Proulx and Joelle Pineau
Computer Input Devices and the Elderly User 1257*
Performing a Fine Graphics Manipulation Task
Didrik W. Hoag
Retention of a Spatial Mental Model: Do Young **
and Older Adults Differ?
D. Kristen Gilbert, Mary C. Cregger,and Wendy A. Rogers
Training Decision Making Strategies for a 1257*
Dynamic Environment
Donita A. Phipps and Neff Walker
The Role of Risk in Pilots' Perceptions of 1258*
Problem Situations
Thomas E. Nygren and Ute Fischer
Use of Double-Ended Scales on Statistical Maps 1258*
as Decision Aids
Mildred L. Dodson and C. Melody Carswell
The Stages of Decision Making: A Stage Model 1259*
for the Use of Decision TechniquesJohn F. McGrew
Experimental Investigations of Pilot Workload 1259*
in Free FlightDiana Avans and Kip Smith
View: A Visualization-Based Mental Model 1260*
Elicitation Workstation
Eva Hudlicka, Greg L. Zacharias,
Christine Illgen, Mehran Asdigha,Jake M. Yara, and James W. Lussier
Development of a Cognitive Performance 1260*
Monitoring SystemSteven R. Hursh, Use Munro,
Daniel P. Redmond, and Robert W. Conlan
Investigating Operator Alertness Using 1261*
Event-Related Potentials
Debbie S. Bartolome, Edward H. Bogart,and Daniel W. Burdette
Validating Experimental Scenario Workload **
Levels Using Physiological Measures
Edward H. Bogart, Debbie S. Bartolome,
and Daniel W. Burdette
Configural Display of Tactical Information 1261*
for Instantaneous Decision MakingMichael J. Barnes and Liana Suantak
Offshore Installation Emergencies: Situation 1262*
Awareness, Decision Making, and Human Error
Jan Skriver and Rhona Flin
Designing a GUI for Multimedia Messaging: 1262*
A Case History of an Iterative Design Process
Pamela A. Savage and Susan Pearsall
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
PROCEEDINGS ofthe HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY40th ANNUAL MEETING— 1996 xnii
Effects of Informational Support and Help 1263*
Screen Displays in Understanding Instructions
Cynthia A. Spencer and Mark C. Detweiler
Externalizing a Work Domain Structure Using an 1263*
Abstraction Hierarchy: An Alternative Approachfor Hypertext Interface Designs
Wei Xu, Marvin J. Dainoff, and Leonard S. Mark
Handwriting Recognition and Soft Keyboard Study 1264*
Naomi A. Kleid and Marivic A. Bonto-Kane
The Interactive Monitoring and Control Design 1264*
Methodology: Application and Empirical Results
David A. Thurman and Christine M. Mitchell
Threshold of Tolerance: Do Users Hate Tiny Icons? 1265*
Lori S. Steckler and Jennifer A. Smith
Usage-Centered Ergonomics Research for die 1265*
Design of Consumer Products
H. Kanis
Combining die Best Elements of Human Factors 1266*
and Industrial Design in a Real-World
Consumer Product
Michael E. Maddox and Jon Buzzard
Use of Audio-Haptic Interface Techniques to Allow 1266*
Nonvisual Access to Touchscreen AppliancesGregg C. Vanderheiden
Word Games 1267*
Marcie R. Benne, Katiiy K. Baxter, and
Gregory M. Corso
Laboratories for Applied Industrial Ergonomics: 1267*
Using Graduate Students to Develop a Laboratory
MethodologyDavid E. Mandeville, Terry R. Collins,
Nizam S. Najd, Ann M. Krieser, David M. Reid,
Jose P. Cortez, Noe D. Gonzales, and
Haikal A. Azof
Practical Problems Associated with 1268*
Anthropometric Metiiods for ErgonomicDesign Testing
Kristie J. Nemeth
Posture Effects on Reaching Behavior 1268*
Kristie J. Nemeth, Jennifer C. McEvoy,Clare E. Wookey, and Marvin J. Dainoff
Applying Ergonomic Principles to the Design of 1269*
New Facilities: A Case StudyTamara M. James and Vincent C. Conzola
Reactions to Furniture-Integrated Task Lighting 1269*
Systems in a Windowless Office
Alan Hedge
Backrest Angle, Head Tilt, and Visual Target 1270*
Location
Kristie J. Nemeth, Hayley R. Pence, and
Dennis R. Ankrum
Effects of Noise on Perceived Annoyance and 1270*
Performance Impact: A Comparison of Variable
and Consistent Visual Search Tasks
Sharon E. Carter
A Survey of HFES Student List Serve Users: 1271*
Attitudes, Needs, and Human Factors Issues
Daina E. Pupons and Wendy A. Rogers
Performance on a Team Tracking Task with 1271*
Human and Computer Teammates
Mark W. Scerbo, Peter J. Ceplenski,Kristin Krahl, and Todd M, Eischeid
Human Error Root Cause Analysis 1272*
Michael T. Collopy and Robert M. Waters
Effects of Aging and Workload on Monitoring 1272*
of Automation Failures
Dennis A. Vincenzi, Bob Muldoon,
Mustapha Mouloua, Raja Parasuraman,
and Rob Molloy
Trait Individual Differences and Perceptual 1273*
Motor Performance
Tonya Smith Jackson
Effect of Personality Type on Muscle 1273*
Coactivation during Elbow Flexion
Naomi F. Glasscock, Kristine L. Turville,Sharon M. B. Joines, and Gary A. Mirka
Distributions of the Percent of Time Highway 1274*
Construction Workers Spend in Awkward
Trunk Postures: Implications for Measurement
Strategies and Analysis of Nonrepetitive Work
Victor L. Paquet, Bryan Buchholz, Susan Woskie,and Laura Punnett
Manual Handling in the U.K. Brewing Industry 1274*
Christopher J. Rourke
A Computer-Based Job Analysis System: 1275*
Designed to Be Used by First-Line
SupervisorsSteven L. Johnson, Sherry Brown, and
Jeff Hardcastle
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted forpublication
XXIV PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996
Critical Task Mediodology for Evaluation of 1275*
Storage Furniture
Colin G. Drury and Catherine E. Drury
Objective Evaluations of Different Training 1276*
Methods for VDT Work
Diana J. Schwerha, Dianne L. McMullin,and Linda J. Frederick
Analyses of Glove Types and Pinch Forces in 1276*
Windshield Glass HandlingBrian D. Lowe and Andris Freivalds
Pressure-Induced Discomfort in Seated Human 1277*
Back RegionsWenqi Shen and Alicia M. V6rtiz
Cooperative Telesurgery: Effects of Time Delay 1277*
on Tool Assignment Decision
Mark P. Ottensmeyer, James M. Thompson,and Thomas B. Sheridan
Identifying System Error in the Health Care 1278*
Delivery Process
David A. Kobus, D. Amundson, K. D. Gubler,D. Rascona, G. Pang, and Karl F. Van Orden
Measurement of Neuromuscular Performance of the 1278*
Trunk in Healthy Subjects and Low-Back
Pain Patients during Repetitive SagittalFlexion and Extension
Jung-Yong Kim, Mohamad Pamianpour, and
William S. Marras
Human Factors Issues in die Design and Evaluation 1279*
of an IVR Application for Mental Disorder ScreeningDaryle Gardner-Bonneau, John W. Gosbee,
Eileen Ritchie, Charles Baar, and Richard Stahlhut
Stress Control Interventions in Data Entry Work 1279*
Ami B. Becker, Traci L. Galinsky,Naomi G. Swanson, and Steven L. Sauter
Gender, Race, and Citizenship Factors in 1280
Work Values
Lawrence R. Zeitlin
The Effect of Alternative Keyboard Design on 1280*
Work Postures
Naomi G. Swanson, Libby Cole,
Christopher S. Pan, Traci L. Galinsky,and Steven L. Sauter
Signal Words: Do Definitions Correspond with 1281*
Connoted Hazard?
Kelly L. Drake, Vincent C. Conzola, and
Michael S. Wogalter
The Influence of Pictorials on die Evaluations 1281*
of Prescription Medication Instructions
Russell J. Sojourner and Michael S. Wogalter
Effects of a Pleasant Ambient Fragrance on 1282*
Simulated Driving Performance: The Sweet
Smell of. . . Safety?
Robert A. Baron and Michael J. Kalsher
Anthropometric Manikins for Acoustic 1282*
Measurement and Research
Dennis C. Neale
A Protocol for the Assessment of Subjective 1283*
SleepinessStephen H. Fairclough and Nicholas J. Ward
Usability Analysis of an IVIS Signing 1283*
Subsystem PrototypeRafael K. Marshall and Karen R. Mahach
Effects of Smoking upon Working Memory and 1284*
Driving Performance
George J. Spilich, Stacy Waicker,
Stephanie Self, and Catherine Curl
The Relationship between Driving Knowledge 1284*
and Driving Behaviors
Margaret M. Sweeney and Carol Jarboe
Development of a New Guide Sign Alphabet 1285*
Philip M. Garvey, Martin T. Pietrucha,
and Donald Meeker
Crew Adaptation Evaluation of a Coast Guard 1285*
"Live-Aboard" Boat
Antonio B. Carvalhais, Kevin Cavanaugh,Kevin F. Downer, and Leonard C. Kingsley
Computer Simulation for Ergonomic Transit 1286*
Bus Operator's Workstation Design Using JACK®Heecheon You, Brian D. Lowe, Brian Oesterling,Andris Freivalds, and Brian J. Gilmore
Duration of Automation: Is There an Optimum Period? **
Michael D. New and Gregory M. Corso
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Risk: Validation 1286*
of a Self-Report QuestionnaireLibby Cole, Roger R. Rosa, William Dember,and Joel S. Warm
An Empirical Validation for die Natural Log 1287*
Transformation of Reaction Time
Mark Y. Czarnolewski
Daytime Cognitive Performance and Fatigue Change 1287*
Wayne C. Harris, Phillip N. Goenert,Karl Nelson, Steve Netsch, and Matt Scheel
'Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication
PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 40th ANNUAL MEETING — 1996 xxv
Mobilization Training and Civilian Occupation 1288*
Richard E. Maisano, Mark A. Sabol,Christina K. Cumow, and Benjamin A. Knott
The Role of Personal Digital Assistants in 1288*
Advanced Training SystemsJohn J. Burns, John S. Pruitt,
Kim Smith-Jentsch, and Philip C. Duncan
Problem-Based Learning Partnerships: 1289*
A Case Study of Problem-Based LearningRebecca Denning and Philip J. Smith
Learner Aptitudes, Elaborations, and Attention 1289*
Control in Training a Complex Skill
Barry P. Goetti, Wayne L. Shebilske, and Eric Day
Enhancing a Paper-Based Team-Performance 1290*
Measure through TechnologyJohn S. Pruitt, John J. Bums,J. Peter Rosenfeld, Peter Bilazarian,and Robert Levas
Simulator Sickness in Stereoscopic versus 1290*
Monoscopic Helmet-Mounted DisplaysJennifer A. Ehrlich and Michael J. Singer
Virtual Reality Therapy in the Treatment of 1291*
Psychological Disorders
Max M. North, Sarah M. North, and
Joseph R. Coble
Tracking Control in Forming Spatial 1291*
Representations from Virtual Reality Environments
Benjamin A. Knott and Marc M. Sebrechts
Usability Evaluation of Low-End Virtual 1292*
Reality SystemsEric A. Vaden, Jennifer A. Ehrlich, and
Eugenia M. Kolasinski
Effects of Structure and Color on Symbol 1292*
VisibilityKarl F. Van Orden and Joseph DiVita
Visual Support in Operating Unmanned Aerial 1293*
Vehicles
Jan B. F. van Erp, B. Kapp6, and J. E. Korteling
Comparing Human Performance on Spatially 1293*
Dynamic Tasks Using Volumetric, Perspective, andStereoscopic Three-Dimensional (3D) Displays
James W. Broyles and Karl F. Van Orden
The Effect of ANVIS Night Vision Goggle Eyepiece 1294*Focus on Visual Acuity: Part 1. Short-Term Wear
Gerald A. Gleason, Joseph T. Riegler, and
Sheila A. Garness
The Effect of ANVIS Night Vision Goggle Eyepiece 1294*
Focus on Visual Acuity: Part 2. Long-Term Wear
Gerald A. Gleason, Joseph T. Riegler, and
Sheila A. Garness
Recognition of Shape and Metric Changes **
in 3D Models
Eric N. Wiebe and Sharolyn A. Converse
Workload Effects on Observer Accuracy in 1295*
Detecting Differences in Informational Source
ReliabilityDeMaris A. Montgomery, Jay Janovics,and Jason Voss
The Detection of Missing Information in Visual 1295*
Arrays: A Potentially Useful Cue
William Elliot Inman
Navigation Strategies in Free Flight: Pilots' 1296*
Use of Time to Contact
Jeffrey E. K. Lewin, Kip Smith, and
Peter A. Hancock
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 AND 2 1297
KEY WORD INDEX TO VOLUMES 1 AND 2 1301
"Abstract only
"Manuscript not submitted for publication