Post on 21-May-2017
URBAN HOUSING
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTUREB.Arch, SEM IX, 2011-12
Chapter 1
Housing Issues – Indian Context
Need and Demand
Housing in Five Year PlansHousing in Five Year Plans
National Housing Policy
Housing Agencies and their role in housing development
Impact of traditional lifestyle
Housing Process of providing
houses to the houseless Also related to other
processes necessary for improving the quality of life of the peoplelife of the people
Dynamic process with changes in social and physical pattern
System of various functions and components
Shelter
Basic need next to food and clothing
Important part of the social environment
Significant role in improving national economy
House
Shelter to a family
Social arena of family life
Symbol of man’s self respectrespect
Should satisfy various needs of man –psychological, safety and security needs
Concept of Housing
Includes basic environment in conjunction with an infrastructure ensuring fresh air, water, food, sanitation & recreation.
In India, housing shortage = 24.7 million (99% -EWS & LIG
Housing Need Extent to which housing
conditions fall below the acceptable levels of standards
Main aim – to shelter the houseless with decent houses of acceptable standardsof acceptable standards
Determinants of housing need Present number of households
Natural growth in same household
Migration
Rise in standard of living
Housing Demand
Will, ability & affordability of the households
Type of demand varies according to varies according to different classes in society
“Effective demand” –when desire to own a house is supported by purchasing power
Supply of Housing
Available housing stock, periodical addition, extensions, improvements, up gradation etc.,
HOUSING IN THE FIVE YEAR PLANS
Introduction
Development activities in India is structured based on the five year plans since 1951.
Successive five year plans clearly show the evolution of housing policies in India.
First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)
Introduced housingin the national policy framework
Focus on institution building and housing building and housing for weaker sections of society
Major rehabilitation programmelaunched
First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)
8% of public sector outlay spent on rehabilitation & housing
Introduced several rural and urban housing and urban housing schemes for poor
Established Ministry of works & housing
National buildings Organisation (NBO)
Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)
Housing scheme for poor expanded
Industrial housing scheme expanded
Three new schemes introduced Rural housing
Slum clearance
Sweepers housing
Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)
Central govt. decided to provide assistance to state govt. to develop low income housing
Gave rise to State Housing Boards
In 1959, central govt. offered loan to state govt. for 10 yrs to acquire land for building sites
Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) Followed by Triennial Plan (1966-69)
Emphasis on planned development and land acquisition particularly for urban areas
Co-ordination of all agencies & orientation of all programs to the needs of poor
Due to limited resources, towns and cities with population of 1,00,000 or more receive priority – “urban”
Funds allocated for housing and urban development including water supply and sanitation
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
Dual problem Rapidly growing
population
Slow growing housing stockhousing stock
Govt. decided to encourage private and co-operative housing schemes by providing financial assistance
• HUDCO established in 1970
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
To provide loans to low-income groups below peak interest rates and longer repayment periods
“whole lending arm for housing finance”
To finance urban development activities to help decongest cities
Support State Housing Boards
Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act adopted.
to prevent
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974 – 79)
to prevent concentration of land holdings in urban areas.
to make more land available for equitable disbursal
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