URBAN HOUSING

SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTUREB.Arch, SEM IX, 2011-12

Chapter 1

Housing Issues – Indian Context

Need and Demand

Housing in Five Year PlansHousing in Five Year Plans

National Housing Policy

Housing Agencies and their role in housing development

Impact of traditional lifestyle

Housing Process of providing

houses to the houseless Also related to other

processes necessary for improving the quality of life of the peoplelife of the people

Dynamic process with changes in social and physical pattern

System of various functions and components

Shelter

Basic need next to food and clothing

Important part of the social environment

Significant role in improving national economy

House

Shelter to a family

Social arena of family life

Symbol of man’s self respectrespect

Should satisfy various needs of man –psychological, safety and security needs

Concept of Housing

Includes basic environment in conjunction with an infrastructure ensuring fresh air, water, food, sanitation & recreation.

In India, housing shortage = 24.7 million (99% -EWS & LIG

Housing Need Extent to which housing

conditions fall below the acceptable levels of standards

Main aim – to shelter the houseless with decent houses of acceptable standardsof acceptable standards

Determinants of housing need Present number of households

Natural growth in same household

Migration

Rise in standard of living

Housing Demand

Will, ability & affordability of the households

Type of demand varies according to varies according to different classes in society

“Effective demand” –when desire to own a house is supported by purchasing power

Supply of Housing

Available housing stock, periodical addition, extensions, improvements, up gradation etc.,

HOUSING IN THE FIVE YEAR PLANS

Introduction

Development activities in India is structured based on the five year plans since 1951.

Successive five year plans clearly show the evolution of housing policies in India.

First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)

Introduced housingin the national policy framework

Focus on institution building and housing building and housing for weaker sections of society

Major rehabilitation programmelaunched

First Five Year Plan (1951- 56)

8% of public sector outlay spent on rehabilitation & housing

Introduced several rural and urban housing and urban housing schemes for poor

Established Ministry of works & housing

National buildings Organisation (NBO)

Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)

Housing scheme for poor expanded

Industrial housing scheme expanded

Three new schemes introduced Rural housing

Slum clearance

Sweepers housing

Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 61)

Central govt. decided to provide assistance to state govt. to develop low income housing

Gave rise to State Housing Boards

In 1959, central govt. offered loan to state govt. for 10 yrs to acquire land for building sites

Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) Followed by Triennial Plan (1966-69)

Emphasis on planned development and land acquisition particularly for urban areas

Co-ordination of all agencies & orientation of all programs to the needs of poor

Due to limited resources, towns and cities with population of 1,00,000 or more receive priority – “urban”

Funds allocated for housing and urban development including water supply and sanitation

Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)

Dual problem Rapidly growing

population

Slow growing housing stockhousing stock

Govt. decided to encourage private and co-operative housing schemes by providing financial assistance

• HUDCO established in 1970

Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)

To provide loans to low-income groups below peak interest rates and longer repayment periods

“whole lending arm for housing finance”

To finance urban development activities to help decongest cities

Support State Housing Boards

Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act adopted.

to prevent

Fifth Five Year Plan (1974 – 79)

to prevent concentration of land holdings in urban areas.

to make more land available for equitable disbursal

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