Housing Decisionsby Evelyn Lewis & Carolyn Turner

Chapter 14Chapter 14Creating Interior BackgroundsCreating Interior Backgrounds

FloorsFloors

1

Floors walls, and ceilings create interior backgrounds

for furnishings and accessories in rooms.

They also hide construction details and provide insulation.

2

Floor Treatment• Floor treatments consist of

flooring materials and floor coverings.

• Consider its appearance, comfort, durability, cost, and maintenance.

3

Flooring Materials• Flooring Materials are materials

that are used as the top surface of a floor.

• Common flooring materials include wood, tile, concrete, and brick.

4

Wood Floors

• Wood has some resilience and is durable, but can be scratched or dented.

• The cost is moderate to high, depending on the type & quality of wood chosen.

• Hardwoods are typically more expensive than softwoods.

5

Hardwoods

• Hard Maple• Oak• Beech• Birch• Hickory• Mahogany• Cherry• Teak

6

Softwood: used for floors

• Southern Yellow Pine• Douglas Fir• Hemlock• Larch• Redwood• Cedar• Eastern White

7

• Oak is the most common hardwood because of it is smooth, strong, and hard.

• Hard maple is also common because it is smooth, strong, and hard.

• Types of wood floor installation (Unfinished solid wood and Pre-finished engineered wood flooring).

• Installing unfinished solid wooda. Give time to adjust to the house environment.b. This wood will expand and contract during fluctuations in humidity and temperature.

8

Engineered Wood• Pre-finished at the factory and , therefore,

already sanded and stained. • Can be installed over concrete and wooden

subfloors.

• Solid wood floors, require a plywood underlayment with installed over concrete.

• Will withstand moisture.

9

Strip flooring

• The planks or the sheets are tongued and grooved so they can be laid down on the floor with no gaps.

• This floor is more durable, more resistant to marking and more colorful.

10

Plank

Wood flooring in widths of 3 inches or

more.

11

Parquet Flooring

• Consists of small blocks of wood which are laid down individually in a pattern. Herringbone is the most common pattern.

• This type of flooring is often referred to a parquet.

• Decorative patterns, such as alternate plank and parquetry.

12

• Wood finishes of polyurethane, plastic, wax, and oil make the task of maintaining wood floors easy. They protect the wood from moisture, stains, and wear.

13

Tile

• Tile is a flat piece of fired clay or natural stone that is available in a wide range of sized, colors, finishes, and patterns. Tile feels cool to the touch and is therefore more popular in Sunbelt areas than in colder climates.

14

Residential Tile Choices

• Ceramic• Porcelain• Natural Stone• Quarry

Amount of labor required for installation, tile can be expensive to

install.

15

Ceramic

• Ceramic tile is a flat piece of fired clay coated with a protective glaze.

• Originated in Egypt about 4700 B.C.• Moisture resistant, durable, easy to clean, but chips and

cracks easily.• Quality & cost can vary.• Glazed ceramic tile is water & stain resistant. • Grout is the substance that fill the space between the tiles.• Often used in baths and kitchens and come in various sizes.• Can be kept clean by mopping with soapy water.

16

Porcelain Tile

• Porcelain tile is the highest quality ceramic tile made.

• Withstands freezing temperatures and can therefore be used indoors and outdoors.

• More expensive than ceramic tile.

17

Quarry Tile• Quarry tile is available in black and a range

of golds, beiges, reds, browns, and grays.• It’s made of terra-cotta that has been

mixed and fired, or baked at a high temperature.

• Resists grease, chemicals, moisture, and changes in temperature.

• Can be glazed or unglazed.

18

Natural Stone• Natural stone floors are beautiful and

durable, but are usually costly to purchase and install.

• Five types of stonea. limestone c. Granite

e. Slateb. Travertine d. Marble

19

Limestone

Limestone comes from mineral springs which cause limestone to be porous.

TaupeWhiteGrayLight & dark brownGold or light green veins

20

Travertine

Travertine-porous limestone that can be used on floors or walls.

CreamBeige

21

Slate

• Gray • Gold• Green

22

GRANITE

Almost any color

MARBLE

Almost any color

23

• The texture of stone tile may be rough or polished.

• Stone floors are fairly easy to maintain by mopping with a solution of white vinegar and water.

• Sealer protects them from grease, oil, and household stains.

24

Concrete• Easy to clean and extremely durable.• Smooth or textured surface.• It can be hard on people’s feet and joints

if stood or walked on for long periods of time.

• It is often used in large stores, restaurants, garages and utility rooms.

• It can be painted, stained or treated to be attractive.

25

Brick

• Brick floors are beautiful, durable, and costly.

26

Ceramic MosaicCeramic Mosaic

• Individual tiles mounted together on a sheet to help

keep them together and make installation easier.

27

MexicanMexican

• Made from clay taken directly from the ground.

• Shaped by hand which results in uneven thickness.

• Dried in a sun and often have prints of leaves, animals, etc., that fall into or step into the drying tile.

28

Vinyl FlooringVinyl Flooring

• one of the best resilient coverings.• resists many stains, including

grease and bleach• durable and easy to clean• comes in many patterns and colors• can have no-wax finish with built

in luster

29

AsphaltAsphalt

• Is the least expensive resilient covering.

• It can be damaged by grease or dented so it may not be good for kitchens but it is a good cover for concrete floors

30

RubberRubber

• resists denting and most stains

• is quiet and easy to walk on• often used in hospital for

“static electricity” reduction

31

Cork Cork

• Environmentally GREEN …• Quiet and comfortable easily

damaged• Not stain- or grease- resistant• Best used on area of light

traffic

32

Floor Coverings• Floor Coverings are surfaces

placed over the floor.• Floor coverings last several years

and are expensive.• They can be changed often.• They include soft & resilient

(spring back to natural form) floor covering.

33

Soft Floor Coverings• Carpets & rugs are examples.• Manufactured fibers include nylon and olefin.• Natural fibers include wool, cotton, sisal & sea

grass.• Carpets & rugs insulate cold floors, provide

sound control and walking comfort, and add color & texture to a room.

• Classified as wall-to-wall, room size, and area rugs.

34

Wall-to-Wall Carpeting• Covers an entire floor, making rooms

appear large and luxurious.• Maintain by routine vacuuming. Stains

can be removed by applying an appropriate cleaning product.

• Through cleaning by professionals.

35

Room-Size Rug

• Exposes a small border.• Maintain the same as wall to wallCarpet. There is separate cleaningProcedures for rug and adjacent floor.

Area Rug• Vary in size but smaller than room-size

rugs. • Define areas of a room, add interest,

and even serve as a focal point.• Maintain with routine vacuuming and

spot stain removal. • They are portable.

Padding• Used under carpeting and rugs to

lessen wear and increase resilience.

• Made from hair, jute, sponge, or foam rubber. Different types of carpeting require specific products be used for padding.

38

Resilient Floor Covering• Floor treatments that are generally

non-absorbent, durable, easy to maintain, and fairly inexpensive.

• Vinyl floors come in lots of colors, patterns, and textures.

• Either in tile or sheet form. Little or no waxing is needed.

Solid Vinyl Floor Coverings

• Growing in popularity.• Made totally of vinyl.• Many colors, styles, and patterns.• May look like hard wood, stone,

marble, slate, granite or geometric patterns.

• Come in planks, tiles, blocks, or square.

Laminate• Vary in quality depending on construction.• Produced by uniting one or more different

layers, usually a decorative surface to a sturdy core.

• Four layers (moisture guard backing, core of high density material, pattern design, and stain resistant finish).

• Easy to clean, comfortable for walking, good sound absorption.

Cork Tile• Must be covered with a protective coating in

order to be water resistant, durable, and easy to maintain.

• w/o the protective coating, cork cannot be classified as a resilient floor covering.

• Cork is rich in appearance and is good for walking comfort and sound control.

• Cork is the woody bark tissue of a plant.