Post on 25-Oct-2015
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Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy
Dr. Burkhard Sanner
European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels
Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste
6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005
Geothermal Energy can be spectacular!
Geysirs and volcanoes show the earth heat
Photos of US Geological Survey
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…
Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find…
Office building “Technorama” at Düsseldorf airport
Office building heated and cooled by geothermal heatpumps since 1991
Externally, no traces of the ground system are visible. Inside, only heat pumps andpiping can be seen
Geothermal Energy
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
Definition:
Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of thesolid earth
(This definition is
official in Germany,
in guideline
VDI 4640)
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
A short glimpse at geothermal power
Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy
First experiment to produce geo-thermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti
Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy
Photos: Lund
A short glimpse at geothermal power
Bad Blumau (Austria)
ORC-turbine• 250 kW el. output• air-cooledoperational since end of 2000
(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)
A short glimpse at geothermal power
Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production
Drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
Potential after Shell-study
The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU
Deep Geothermal Energy
doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany
Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig
Deep Geothermal Energy
Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A)
Geological cross-section
Graph: Geoteam
• In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic.
• Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agri-culture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc.
• The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D)
• For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks
Deep Geothermal Energy
Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece
Cultivation of spirulinaalgae using geothermalheat
Geothermal Greenhouses
Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece
The finished product
Geothermal application inthe food industry
Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland
The finished product
Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland
Geothermal application inthe food industry
The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture
Shallow geothermal energy – geothermal heat pumps everywhere
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU
• In France, heat from geothermal district heating carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced value
• In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These expenses are too high compared to the annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant
Remarks from various countries
• For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development
• These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc.
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating atthe Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, Älvsby, Sweden33 BHE each 160 m deep
Heatpum ps
(2 x 113 kW )prim ary circuit
Coolingm achines
refrigeratorsfreezers
33 Borehole heat exchangers each 160 m deep
H X H X
H X: H eat ExchangerE-boiler: E lectric heating (peak/back-up)TD : Tow el D ryingH W -St.: H ot W ater S torage
R echarge C ooling(room air)
secondary circ.
E -boiler
H X
Sw im m ing pool
F loorheating
H X
cold tap w ater
E-boiler
w arm tapw ater
TDH W -St.
DHW
• A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas:
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European
Centre for public law „Meduca“
in Legraina, Greece
2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and heating) with ground-water wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey
• A transition is underway of GSHP technologyinto two new areas:
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating
• Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it.
• Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to heat sources (after data from IZW, Hannover and BWP, Munich)
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not includedData for 2004 preliminary
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Heat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP)
Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland, in MWth
(from Kohl et al., 2002)
Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from BMU, 2004)
Some statistics on geothermal energy use
6000
2290
1590
1483
570
510
140
130
100
60 30 20 10 2
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
IT SE FR
DE (BMU)
AT DEGR PT SF BE NL
DK UK IR LU SP
GW
h/a
Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are shown in black).
The valuesare mainlyvalid for 1999 and are taken from the country update reports ofWGC 2000
Some statistics on geothermal energy use
5451
1360
1147
1135
589
447
436
196
166
138
135
107
76 36 21 16 6
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
IT FR SE HU SK AT DE SL LT PT SF GR PL CZ BE DK NL UK
GW
h/a
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heat- and Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Map of the Parliament Buildings
View from Chancellor´s office towards the Parliament building
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heating- and Cooling-Network for the Parliament Buildings
cold ATES
w arm ATES
ca. 60 m below ground
>300 mbelow ground
R upel c lay (Aquitard)
B iofuel
C H P: heat, e l. pow er
R eichstag-bu ild ing
M arie-E lisabeth-Lüders-B ldg.
Paul-Löbe-Build ing
Jakob-Kaiser-
Build ingH eat storage
C old storage
piping shown in fig. 6
Thank you für your attention!
www.egec.org
www.geothermie.de