Dr Burkhard Sanner - Heating and Cooling With Geothermal Energy
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Transcript of Dr Burkhard Sanner - Heating and Cooling With Geothermal Energy
6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005
Heating and Cooling with Geothermal EnergyDr. Burkhard SannerEuropean Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste
Geothermal Energy can be spectacular!
Photos of US Geological Survey
Geysirs and volcanoes show the earth heat
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find
Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to findOffice building heated and cooled by geothermal heat pumps since 1991
Externally, no traces of the ground system are visible. Inside, only heat pumps and piping can be seen
Office building Technorama at Dsseldorf airport
Geothermal EnergyDefinition: Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of the solid earth(This definition is official in Germany, in guideline VDI 4640)
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EUThe situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications
A short glimpse at geothermal powerFirst experiment to produce geothermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti
Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy Photos: Lund
Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy
A short glimpse at geothermal powerBad Blumau (Austria)ORC-turbine 250 kW el. output air-cooled operational since end of 2000
(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)
A short glimpse at geothermal power
Drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sousForts (F)
Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EUThe situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture
The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU
Potential after Shell-study
Deep Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig
doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany
Deep Geothermal Energy
Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A) Geological cross-section
Graph: Geoteam
Deep Geothermal Energy
In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic. Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agriculture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc. The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D) For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks
Geothermal GreenhousesGeothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece
Cultivation of spirulina algae using geothermal heat
Geothermal application in the food industry
Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece
The finished product
Geothermal application in the food industryFish factory in Laugar, Iceland
Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland The finished product
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EUThe situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture Shallow geothermal energy geothermal heat pumps everywhere
Remarks from various countries In France, heat from geothermal district heating carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced value In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These expenses are too high compared to the annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant
Shallow Geothermal Energy
For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc.
Shallow Geothermal Energy
refrigerators freezers
Cooling machines
Swimming pool
HX
primary circuit
Geothermal heating at the Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, lvsby, Sweden 33 BHE each 160 m deep
Heat pumps (2 x 113 kW)HX HX
E-boiler secondary circ.Floor heating
HX
warm tap water
Recharge Cooling (room air)
E-boilercold tap water HWSt. TD
33 Borehole heat exchangers each 160 m deep
HX: Heat Exchanger E-boiler: Electric heating (peak/back-up) TD: Towel Drying HW-St.: Hot Water Storage
DHW
Shallow Geothermal Energy
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European Centre for public law Meduca in Legraina, Greece 2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and heating) with groundwater wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey
Shallow Geothermal Energy
A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it. Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector10000 9000 8000 Number of units 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20041792 2889 3720 3945 4744
Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to heat sources(after data from IZW, Hannover and BWP, Munich)
9249
Water Ground6653 6799 7349
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not included Data for 2004 preliminary
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sectorHeat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP)
Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland, in MWth(from Kohl et al., 2002)
Some statistics on geothermal energy useGeothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from BMU, 2004)6000 2290 7000 6000 5000
GWh/a
4000 3000 2000 1000 0
1590
1483 570
510
140
130
100
60
20
30
10
NL
PT
SF
AT
IR
IT
2
(B M U)
BE
SE
LU
DE
GR
SP
DK
UK
DE
FR
Some statistics on geothermal energy useGeothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are shown in black). The values are mainly valid for 1999 and are taken from the country update reports of WGC 20006000 5451 1360
5000
4000
GWh/a
3000
2000
1147
589
447
436
1000
1135
196
166
138
135
107
76
36
21
16
0 IT FR SE HU SK AT DE SL LT
PT SF GR PL CZ BE DK NL UK
6
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heatand Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Map of the Parliament Buildings
View from Chancellor s office towards the Parliament building
Geothermal Energy for the German ParliamentHeating- and CoolingNetwork for the Parliament Buildings
Biofuel CHP: heat, el. powerca. 60 m below ground
Paul-LbeBuilding
Marie-ElisabethLders-Bldg.
cold ATES
Reichstagbuildingpiping shown in fig. 6
Rupel clay (Aquitard) warm ATESJakob-KaiserBuilding
>300 m below ground
Heat storage Cold storage
www.egec.org www.geothermie.de
Thank you fr your attention!