HEALTH AND TODDLERS

Nutrition life cycle

Contents:

• health

• Toddlers

• Health and dental care

• Nutrition and fitness

• Healthy eating

• Physical activities

• Brain development

• Emotional and physical health

Health:

It is defined as:

"State of complete physical, mental, and social well being,

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Toddlers:

A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old, toddler years are

a time of great cognitive, emotional and social

development.

The word is derived from "to toddle", which means to

walk unsteadily, like a child of this age

HEALTH

&

DAILY CARE

Bathing a toddler:

Bathing a toddlers:

1. Bath temperature for babies and children is best

between 37°C and 38°C, and 36°C for a new born.

2. heated water needs to be stored at above 60°C to

prevent the formation of Legionella bacteria.

Baby bath time:

When:

1. you might want to give her a bath every day. But try not

to bath more than once a day, because this will dry

baby’s skin

2. It’s good to give baby a bath at the end of the day. Bath

time is helpful in setting up a bedtime routine

Bath safety

Baby bath safety:

1. Never leave your baby alone in the bath.

2. Make sure all bath lotions, shampoos and electrical

appliances are kept out of baby’s reach.

3. Run cold water from the tap first, then hot water, and

always run cold water through the tap last.

Dental care

Baby dental care:

1. You can start cleaning and caring for your baby’s gums

well before the first tooth appears

2. just wipe her gums gently using a clean, damp face

washer or gauze.

3. As soon as teeth arrive, you can clean them twice a day

•Use only water on the toothbrush until your baby is 18

months old

•Once your child is 18 months old, you can use a pea-sized

amount of low-fluoride toothpaste on the toothbrush.

•Don’t use toothpaste with babies under 18 months of age

(unless recommended by your dentist).

hygiene

Hygiene:

1.Use water and soap over hands and wrists. Dry hands

thoroughly.

2.Regular baths or showers will keep your child clean and

healthy

3.Brush teeth twice a day, once in the morning and once

in the evening.

Hygiene:

•Your child should blow her nose gently when it’s blocked

– this makes breathing easier.

•Your child should cover his mouth with a tissue when he

sneezes or coughs. Put the tissue in the bin

Sun safety

Sun safety:

•use hats

•Use sunglasses

•Long sleeves and long pants

•Use cotton fabric cloths

• In winters take sun bath , You get about 80% of your

vitamin D this way

• If a pregnant woman has low levels of vitamin D, she

might not pass on enough vitamin D to her baby.

Nutrition

&

fitness

feeding

Feeding:

•There is absolutely no substitute for mother’s breast

milk for an infant.

•Breast milk is the best food for an infant and is

recommended exclusively for the first six months.

Breast milk:

•Breastmilk can protect your baby against infection and

some chronic diseases.

• It’s a way to help your baby develop as well as possible.

• Breastfeeding can help bonding between you and your

baby.

Importance:

•Breastmilk contains all the nutrients your baby needs

•easy to digest and is easily absorbed into your baby’s

system.

•Breastmilk is a living fluid with fatty acids that are

important for baby brain development.

•

Importance:

•contain antibodies and other agents that protect your

baby from infection

•disease, including gastroenteritis, respiratory tract

infections,ear infections and type-1 diabetes.

• important for babies’ eyesight, speech, jaw and mouth

development.

its good for mother:

•Mothers who breastfeed have lower rates of breast

cancer, osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes. Breastfeeding

can help some women lose weight after the birth.

• It also provides security and comfort for babies and

toddlers.

Bottle feeding:

• Infant formula is an alternative to breast milk.

•Most formulas are based on cow’s milk

•Other formulas include soy-based and lactose-reduced

cow’s milk products.

•Whatever brand you choose, make sure your formula is

iron-fortified.

HEALTHY EATING

Carbohydrates:

• Carbohydrates are natural substances that contain oxygen,

hydrogen and carbon.

• Carbohydrates are the only fuel that the brain and red blood cells

can use, and the main source of energy for our muscles

Sources:

• starchy foods like bread, pasta, rice, cereals, biscuits and potato.

• Natural sugar in fruit and dairy, and sugary foods such as desserts

Importance:

•Your child’s total carbohydrate needs will depend on

how much physical activity your child does and how old

she is.

Glycaemic index:

• When we eat carbohydrates, our digestive system breaks them

down into their simplest form – glucose. Our cells use glucose to

produce energy.

• the glycaemic index (GI) measures the effect that carbohydrates in

food have on blood glucose levels

importance:

• The glycaemic index (GI) measures the effect that carbohydrates in

food have on blood glucose levels. GI ranks foods on a scale from 0-

100

high GI Index:

• Foods with a high GI (70-100) cause a large and fast rise and fall in

blood glucose. That’s because the carbohydrates in these foods

break down quickly.

Low GI Index :

• Foods with a low GI (0-55) cause a more steady and long-lasting

rise and fall in blood glucose levels. The carbohydrates in these

foods take time to break down.

Food labels:

• Food labels help us to make healthy and safe food choices

• you’ll see categories like:

• serving size

• energy

• protein

• fat

• carbohydrates

• dietary fibre

• sodium.

Fats:

• Good fat is sometimes called unsaturated fat. Unsaturated fat comes in

two forms: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

• There are two types of polyunsaturated fat: omega-3 and omega-6.

These are also known as essential fatty acids.

Sources:

1. Monounsaturated fat

• oils like olive, canola and grape seed oil

• nuts and seeds

• lean meat

• avocado

Sources:

Polyunsaturated fat

• You can get polyunsaturated fat from oily fish like salmon and

tuna, nuts, and soy products like tofu

Sources:

•Omega-3 is a type of polyunsaturated fat.

• Tuna, salmon and mackerel

•walnuts, other nuts and flaxseed

•soy foods

•green leafy vegetables

• legumes.

•Babies also get omega-3 from breastmilk

Iodine:

• During pregnancy, a woman’s thyroid gland has to work extra

hard.

• This is because the hormones it produces help the growth of her

fetus’s brain and nervous system.

Sources:

• Eggs, meat, vegetables and dairy products

• Seafood

Vegetables:

• Vegetables give your child energy, vitamins, anti-oxidants, fibre

and water.

• They help protect your child’s body against all kinds of diseases.

• The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend children under eight

years have 2-4½ serves of vegetables each day.

Mineral and vitamin:

vitamins and minerals is by eating a wide variety of fresh foods,

including:

• vegetables

• fruit

• grain food – bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, rice, corn and so on

Mineral and vitamin:

• meat, fish, chicken, eggs and legumes (peas, beans, lentils,

chickpeas and so on).

• reduced-fat dairy food – milk, yoghurt and cheese

proteins

•Protein helps a child's body build cells, break down food

into energy, fight infection, and carry oxygen.

Sources:

•Meat

•Poultry

•Fish

•Eggs

•Nuts

•Beans

•Dairy products

calcium

•Calcium is essential in helping to build a child's healthy

bones and teeth. It's also important for blood clotting

and for nerve, muscle, and heart function

Sources:

•Milk

•Cheeses

•Yogurt

• Ice cream

•Egg yolks

•Broccoli

•Spinach

iron

• Iron is necessary for a child to build healthy blood that

carries oxygen to cells all over the body.

Sources:

•Red meats

•Liver

•Poultry

•Whole grains

•Beans

•Nuts

• Iron-fortified cereals

Folate

•Folate, necessary for soon-to-be moms, is also very

important for kids. One of the B vitamins, folate is

necessary for healthy growth and development of a

child's cells. Lack of this vitamin can cause anemia.

Sources:

•Whole-grain cereals

•Lentils

•Chickpeas

•Spinach

•Black or kidney beans

Fiber:

•Fiber helps produce bowel regularity in a child. It can

also play a role in reducing the chances of heart disease

and cancer later in life.

Sources:

•Whole-grain cereals

•Chickpeas

•Lentils

•Kidney beans

•Seeds

•Nuts

Vitamin A

•Carrots

•Sweet potatoes

•Apricots

•Spinach

•Broccoli

•Cabbage

•Fish oils

•Egg yolks

Vitamin C:

•Vitamin C does more than just fighting off the common

cold. It also holds the body's cells together, strengthens

the walls of blood vessels, helps the body heal wounds,

and is important for building strong bones and teeth.

Sources:

•Citrus fruits

•Strawberries

•Tomatoes

•Potatoes

•Melons

•Cabbage

•Broccoli

•Cauliflower

•Spinach

•Papayas

•Mangos

Physical activities

•Jumping rope

•Dance

•Animal races

•Walk on pillows

•Drawing

•Stories

•Swimming

•walk

Brain development

•Sing counting songs with your toddler

•Provide toys

•Provide simple puzzles

•Be patient when your toddler asks lots of “why”

questions, and try to answer as many as possible.

•Spend time with your toddler outside by going for a walk,

collecting leaves, listening to the wind and smelling

flowers.

Emotional & mental

health

•Safe, supportive and nurturing learning environments

•Good problem-solving and communication skills

•How to communicate feelings

•Healthy practices—good nutrition, the right amount of

sleep and regular exercise

•Healthy relationships with parents, family members, and

friends

•Feeling close to at least one adult

•Parents can attend a mental health first aid training

session