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HEALTH AND TODDLERS
Nutrition life cycle
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Contents:
• health
• Toddlers
• Health and dental care
• Nutrition and fitness
• Healthy eating
• Physical activities
• Brain development
• Emotional and physical health
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Health:
It is defined as:
"State of complete physical, mental, and social well being,
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
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Toddlers:
A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old, toddler years are
a time of great cognitive, emotional and social
development.
The word is derived from "to toddle", which means to
walk unsteadily, like a child of this age
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HEALTH
&
DAILY CARE
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Bathing a toddler:
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Bathing a toddlers:
1. Bath temperature for babies and children is best
between 37°C and 38°C, and 36°C for a new born.
2. heated water needs to be stored at above 60°C to
prevent the formation of Legionella bacteria.
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Baby bath time:
When:
1. you might want to give her a bath every day. But try not
to bath more than once a day, because this will dry
baby’s skin
2. It’s good to give baby a bath at the end of the day. Bath
time is helpful in setting up a bedtime routine
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Bath safety
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Baby bath safety:
1. Never leave your baby alone in the bath.
2. Make sure all bath lotions, shampoos and electrical
appliances are kept out of baby’s reach.
3. Run cold water from the tap first, then hot water, and
always run cold water through the tap last.
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Dental care
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Baby dental care:
1. You can start cleaning and caring for your baby’s gums
well before the first tooth appears
2. just wipe her gums gently using a clean, damp face
washer or gauze.
3. As soon as teeth arrive, you can clean them twice a day
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•Use only water on the toothbrush until your baby is 18
months old
•Once your child is 18 months old, you can use a pea-sized
amount of low-fluoride toothpaste on the toothbrush.
•Don’t use toothpaste with babies under 18 months of age
(unless recommended by your dentist).
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hygiene
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Hygiene:
1.Use water and soap over hands and wrists. Dry hands
thoroughly.
2.Regular baths or showers will keep your child clean and
healthy
3.Brush teeth twice a day, once in the morning and once
in the evening.
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Hygiene:
•Your child should blow her nose gently when it’s blocked
– this makes breathing easier.
•Your child should cover his mouth with a tissue when he
sneezes or coughs. Put the tissue in the bin
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Sun safety
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Sun safety:
•use hats
•Use sunglasses
•Long sleeves and long pants
•Use cotton fabric cloths
• In winters take sun bath , You get about 80% of your
vitamin D this way
• If a pregnant woman has low levels of vitamin D, she
might not pass on enough vitamin D to her baby.
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Nutrition
&
fitness
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feeding
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Feeding:
•There is absolutely no substitute for mother’s breast
milk for an infant.
•Breast milk is the best food for an infant and is
recommended exclusively for the first six months.
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Breast milk:
•Breastmilk can protect your baby against infection and
some chronic diseases.
• It’s a way to help your baby develop as well as possible.
• Breastfeeding can help bonding between you and your
baby.
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Importance:
•Breastmilk contains all the nutrients your baby needs
•easy to digest and is easily absorbed into your baby’s
system.
•Breastmilk is a living fluid with fatty acids that are
important for baby brain development.
•
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Importance:
•contain antibodies and other agents that protect your
baby from infection
•disease, including gastroenteritis, respiratory tract
infections,ear infections and type-1 diabetes.
• important for babies’ eyesight, speech, jaw and mouth
development.
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its good for mother:
•Mothers who breastfeed have lower rates of breast
cancer, osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes. Breastfeeding
can help some women lose weight after the birth.
• It also provides security and comfort for babies and
toddlers.
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Bottle feeding:
• Infant formula is an alternative to breast milk.
•Most formulas are based on cow’s milk
•Other formulas include soy-based and lactose-reduced
cow’s milk products.
•Whatever brand you choose, make sure your formula is
iron-fortified.
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HEALTHY EATING
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Carbohydrates:
• Carbohydrates are natural substances that contain oxygen,
hydrogen and carbon.
• Carbohydrates are the only fuel that the brain and red blood cells
can use, and the main source of energy for our muscles
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Sources:
• starchy foods like bread, pasta, rice, cereals, biscuits and potato.
• Natural sugar in fruit and dairy, and sugary foods such as desserts
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Importance:
•Your child’s total carbohydrate needs will depend on
how much physical activity your child does and how old
she is.
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Glycaemic index:
• When we eat carbohydrates, our digestive system breaks them
down into their simplest form – glucose. Our cells use glucose to
produce energy.
• the glycaemic index (GI) measures the effect that carbohydrates in
food have on blood glucose levels
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importance:
• The glycaemic index (GI) measures the effect that carbohydrates in
food have on blood glucose levels. GI ranks foods on a scale from 0-
100
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high GI Index:
• Foods with a high GI (70-100) cause a large and fast rise and fall in
blood glucose. That’s because the carbohydrates in these foods
break down quickly.
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Low GI Index :
• Foods with a low GI (0-55) cause a more steady and long-lasting
rise and fall in blood glucose levels. The carbohydrates in these
foods take time to break down.
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Food labels:
• Food labels help us to make healthy and safe food choices
• you’ll see categories like:
• serving size
• energy
• protein
• fat
• carbohydrates
• dietary fibre
• sodium.
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Fats:
• Good fat is sometimes called unsaturated fat. Unsaturated fat comes in
two forms: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.
• There are two types of polyunsaturated fat: omega-3 and omega-6.
These are also known as essential fatty acids.
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Sources:
1. Monounsaturated fat
• oils like olive, canola and grape seed oil
• nuts and seeds
• lean meat
• avocado
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Sources:
Polyunsaturated fat
• You can get polyunsaturated fat from oily fish like salmon and
tuna, nuts, and soy products like tofu
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Sources:
•Omega-3 is a type of polyunsaturated fat.
• Tuna, salmon and mackerel
•walnuts, other nuts and flaxseed
•soy foods
•green leafy vegetables
• legumes.
•Babies also get omega-3 from breastmilk
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Iodine:
• During pregnancy, a woman’s thyroid gland has to work extra
hard.
• This is because the hormones it produces help the growth of her
fetus’s brain and nervous system.
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Sources:
• Eggs, meat, vegetables and dairy products
• Seafood
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Vegetables:
• Vegetables give your child energy, vitamins, anti-oxidants, fibre
and water.
• They help protect your child’s body against all kinds of diseases.
• The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend children under eight
years have 2-4½ serves of vegetables each day.
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Mineral and vitamin:
vitamins and minerals is by eating a wide variety of fresh foods,
including:
• vegetables
• fruit
• grain food – bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, rice, corn and so on
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Mineral and vitamin:
• meat, fish, chicken, eggs and legumes (peas, beans, lentils,
chickpeas and so on).
• reduced-fat dairy food – milk, yoghurt and cheese
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proteins
•Protein helps a child's body build cells, break down food
into energy, fight infection, and carry oxygen.
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Sources:
•Meat
•Poultry
•Fish
•Eggs
•Nuts
•Beans
•Dairy products
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calcium
•Calcium is essential in helping to build a child's healthy
bones and teeth. It's also important for blood clotting
and for nerve, muscle, and heart function
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Sources:
•Milk
•Cheeses
•Yogurt
• Ice cream
•Egg yolks
•Broccoli
•Spinach
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iron
• Iron is necessary for a child to build healthy blood that
carries oxygen to cells all over the body.
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Sources:
•Red meats
•Liver
•Poultry
•Whole grains
•Beans
•Nuts
• Iron-fortified cereals
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Folate
•Folate, necessary for soon-to-be moms, is also very
important for kids. One of the B vitamins, folate is
necessary for healthy growth and development of a
child's cells. Lack of this vitamin can cause anemia.
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Sources:
•Whole-grain cereals
•Lentils
•Chickpeas
•Spinach
•Black or kidney beans
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Fiber:
•Fiber helps produce bowel regularity in a child. It can
also play a role in reducing the chances of heart disease
and cancer later in life.
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Sources:
•Whole-grain cereals
•Chickpeas
•Lentils
•Kidney beans
•Seeds
•Nuts
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Vitamin A
•Carrots
•Sweet potatoes
•Apricots
•Spinach
•Broccoli
•Cabbage
•Fish oils
•Egg yolks
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Vitamin C:
•Vitamin C does more than just fighting off the common
cold. It also holds the body's cells together, strengthens
the walls of blood vessels, helps the body heal wounds,
and is important for building strong bones and teeth.
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Sources:
•Citrus fruits
•Strawberries
•Tomatoes
•Potatoes
•Melons
•Cabbage
•Broccoli
•Cauliflower
•Spinach
•Papayas
•Mangos
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Physical activities
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•Jumping rope
•Dance
•Animal races
•Walk on pillows
•Drawing
•Stories
•Swimming
•walk
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Brain development
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•Sing counting songs with your toddler
•Provide toys
•Provide simple puzzles
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•Be patient when your toddler asks lots of “why”
questions, and try to answer as many as possible.
•Spend time with your toddler outside by going for a walk,
collecting leaves, listening to the wind and smelling
flowers.
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Emotional & mental
health
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•Safe, supportive and nurturing learning environments
•Good problem-solving and communication skills
•How to communicate feelings
•Healthy practices—good nutrition, the right amount of
sleep and regular exercise
•Healthy relationships with parents, family members, and
friends
•Feeling close to at least one adult
•Parents can attend a mental health first aid training
session
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