Guidelines for the Thesis Project of the Master’s Degree Programme in

International Business Management

Anthony Okuogume & Pirjo Alatalo

Kemi-Tornion ammattikorkeakoulun julkaisujaSarja C. Opetusmateriaalit 1/2009

© Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Sciences and authors

ISBN 978-952-9785-77-3ISSN 1239-5099

Kemi-Tornio University of Applied SciencesP.O.Box 504, 94101 Kemi

Tel. +358 (0)10 353 50

www.tokem.fi/kirjasto/julkaisut

Graphic design and layout: KTAMK viestintä

Content

1 MASteR’S DeGRee PRoGRAMMe In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent At KeMI-toRnIo UnIVeRSItY oF APPLIeD SCIenCeS . . 5

1 .1 objective of the Master’s Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 ProfileoftheMaster’sProgramme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 CoMPLetInG MASteR’S tHeSIS In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 .1 objectives of the thesis Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 .2 What is Master’s thesis Project? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 .3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 PRePARInG to StARt tHe ReSeARCH PRoJeCt . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1Developmentprojectoptions–PurelyDevelopmentBasedThesisProject . . . . . 12

3.2 ResearchBasedoptionwithDevelopmentaspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2.1ThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.3 PresentationofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.3.1ApprovalofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . 18

3.4 ThesisSupervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4 WHAt IS A GooD MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt? . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

5 ReSeARCH SeMInAR PRoCeSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6 MAtURItY teSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7 eVALUAtIon oF MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt WoRK . . . . . . . . . . 24

8 MASteR’S tHeSIS RePoRt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8.1LayoutofMaster’sThesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8 .2 Reference instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

8.3Abstract(TheregulationabidesbythestandardSFS3855) . . . . . . . . . . . 28

ReCoMMenDeD ReADInGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

APPenDIx 1: CoVeR PAGe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

APPenDIx 2: nAMe-YeAR SYSteM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

APPenDIx 3: REFERENCES–ASPECIMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

APPenDIx 4: ContentS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

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1 MASteR’S DeGRee PRoGRAMMe In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent At KeMI-toRnIo UnIVeRSItY oF APPLIeD SCIenCeS

1 .1 objective of the Master’s Programme

TheobjectiveoftheIBMMaster’sProgrammeistoprovideaholisticprogrammeofmultidisciplinarysubjectsfortalentswhoareaimingtoenterintointernationalbusinessenvironmentsorwhoarealreadyworkingintheseenvironments.Astrongemphasisonmulticulturalandmultilingualpracticesisincludedtoenhancecompetenciesinthefieldofentrepreneurship,marketing,management,andfinanceininternationalbusiness.

TheProgrammealsoaimsatdesigningandbuildingconcretedevelopmentplansforenterprisestosupporttheirinternationalizationprocesses.Thesocialandproblemsolving-basedapproachrequiresclosecooperationbetweentalents,theircoachesandtheeducationalenvironment.EnterprisesareofferedanopportunitytoactivelyparticipateintheconstructionoftheProgramme,contents,researchanddevelopmentplans.Jointcourseware,virtualmodulesandprojectsarecarriedoutinclosecollaborationwithinternationalpartnerinstitutions .

BlendedandparticipatorylearningaddextravaluetotheProgrammeasitprovidesstrongopportunitiestolinktheorywithpractice.Thesenovelpracticesarecombinedwithbestpracticesfrombusinesslifeandeducation,i.e.project-andteam-work,coachingandlearningportfolio,tounderpinthefutureorientationoftheProgrammeandtostrengthenthecompetenciesofthetalents.

Innovativeentrepreneurshipandmanagementdemanddeepeningandwideningofknowledge,skillsandculturalawarenessofthetalentstobeabletounderstandthecomplexityofbringingenterprisestointernationalmarkets.Allpracticalwork,i.e.themeassignmentsandtheMaster’sPracticum,fordomesticorforeignenterprisesarealignedwiththeaboveobjective.

1.2 ProfileoftheMaster’sProgramme

TheMaster’sDegreeProgrammeisdesignedtoincreasethecompetenciesofthetalentsandtorespondtotheneedsofbusinessorganizations.Thestudiesprovideskillsininternationalbusinessmanagement.Bynatureandmethodsandasalearningprocess,theMaster’sProgrammeisaspecialformofadulteducationwherethecorefocusisonprofessional

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growthofthetalent.Itsfoundationisontheappreciationofdiversityandmulticulturalism,andondefiningandsolvingadevelopmentideaorproblemwithfellowtalentsandinpartnershipwiththeworkinglife.

TheMaster’sProgrammefocusesonsubject-specificcompetencesandgenericcompetences.Thesecompetencesrepresentadynamiccombinationofattributes(knowledge),abilities(skills)andattitudes.FosteringthesecompetencesistheobjectoftheProgramme.Competencesareobtainedbythetalents,andtheyareformedinvariouscoursesandassessedatdifferentstages.

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2 CoMPLetInG MASteR’S tHeSIS In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent

TheInternationalBusinessManagementProgrammeisdividedintofivethemesorblocks.Fourblocksconsistofthree5-ECTScoursesanda3-ECTSresearchprojectworkcompletedintheresearchschool.Theaimofeachresearchprojectistodevelopyourskillsininformationretrieval,analysisandapplication,andinresearchmethodology.SothedevelopmentofcompetencesinresearchprocessandmethodologyisajourneythatstartswithresearchschoolI(RSI)rightthroughRSII,andviaRSIIIandRSIVtothefinalthesisproject.

Thefinalthesisproject(30ECTS)isanintegrativeelementoftheseresearchschoolsandconsistsofthefourthemeresearchprojects(4times3ECTS)plusthefinalthesisprojectwork(18ECTS)asshowninFigure1below.

APPlIcATIonDemonstrating knowledge in the field Application in thesis project for company’s implication

Company development competences

Competence in research process & methodology

ReseARch MeThoDsPreliminary development of research interest & focus

PRePARATIon sTAGesBuild conceptsDev. InsightsInt. perspective

IMPleMenTATIon sTAGesPlans for creating unique solutions, ideas or innovationsOutline of resource commitments (org, strategic marketing)Usage

coMPleTIon & IMPleMenTATIonsReportingPresentationEvaluationUsage/odoption

completed thesis report with skills in research methodology well demonstrated

Company development through thesis project with sufficient application value to student’s company

1 2 3 4

Rs 1–2 Rs 3–4 Rs 5

ReseARch MeThoDsPreliminary development of research interest & focus

PlAnnInG sTAGesAssesments & analysisIdentifying dev. OptionsSpecifying dev.issues

Competence development in International business management

BAsIcFocus: developing the basic understandings on the underlining conceptual & contextual drivers of film’s internationalisation

coMPeTence AwarenessThe student understands the language of international business strategies

APPlIcATIonsImplementation stages

Figure 1. TheResearchSchoolinaHolisticView

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2 .1 objectives of the thesis Project

ThepurposeoftheMaster’sThesisistodevelopyourabilitytocarryoutappliedresearchanddevelopmentactivities.Itistheapplicationofknowledgeandskillsofinternationalbusinessmanagementonaspecificareaofyourchoiceandinyourstakeholder’sorganization.Therefore,theThesisworkisadevelopmentprojectgearedtosolvingworkinglifeproblems.Amongthecompetenciestobedevelopedarecompetenceinappliedresearchmethodologyandprocess,companydevelopmentcompetenciesin,forexample,howtoanalyzeyourorganization’soperations,howtoidentifyandselectdevelopmentoptions,andhowtoimplementdevelopmentplans.

TheworkduringtheThesisprojectincludesthefollowing:• Introductorytexts• Developmentprojectwork• Developmentplan• Methodologicalstudies• Developmentactivitiesanddevelopmentproject• Developmentofyourownwork• Implementation• Report• Writtenandoralmaturitytest.

Extent: 18 eCt

Learning strategy: Projectdevelopmentactivities,seminarsessions,Thesiswork,defenceandsubmissionofafinalpaper.

Readings: Asrecommendedbythelecturers.

Resource Persons: CourseleaderisMr.AnthonyOkuogumeandThesissupervisorsareappointedonacase-by-casebasis.

2 .2 What is Master’s thesis Project?

TheMaster’sThesisor‘Project’isawrittenworkcompletedincompliancewiththerequirementsleadingtotheMasterofBusinessAdministrationDegreeinInternational

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BusinessManagementofferedbytheKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.ThevariouselementsofyourMaster’sThesisinInternationalBusinessManagementaredepictedinFigure2below.

TheMaster’sThesisiseventuallythemostimportantwrittenworkyouaretocreatetocompleteyourMaster’sstudies.ThroughtheMaster’sThesisprojectyouareexpectedtodemonstrateyourknowledgeinthefieldofInternationalBusinessManagement.Inaddition,completingtheThesisisanexcellentopportunityforyoutomakesignificantcontributiontoyourindustrysectorandstudyfield. TheThesisProjectcanbeviewedasagoodsourceofinnovationtocompaniesandalsoalegitimatewayforyoutobringyourinnovativeideastotheattentionofyourorganization.Thisisbecausetheresearchprojectcanhavethecapacitytomakepositivecontributionsonthecurrentissuesimpactingyourorganization’soperationsorfunctions.TheMaster’sThesisistodealwithapracticalinternationalbusinessmanagementproblemanditistobewrittenintheEnglishlanguage.TheThesisProjectisnotsolelyascientificorpracticalpieceofworkbutamixtureofthetwoanditmusthavepracticalvaluetoyourorganization.Inotherwords,itsapplicabilitymustbesufficient.

Also,asimplisticapproachofmerelyconductingamarketingresearchorbusinessanalysisforyourThesisresearchprojectisinadequateunlesstheresearchprojectcanprovideabasisforfurtheranalysisandsolidconclusionscanbedrawnfromit.Inaddition,descriptiveanalysesoforganizationalprocessesorexperiencesareequallyinsufficient.However,ananalysisthataddressesconceptsandtheoriesofinternationalbusinessmanagementandoffersinsightsandpracticalrelevancecanberegardedasacceptable.

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Figure 2. ElementsofMaster’sThesisinInternationalBusinessManagement

Research option with Development aspects

Developmental option with research aspects

Company Development Based Perspective

Research Based Perspectives

Figure3belowillustratesthetwopossibleapproachesyoucandrawoninyourMaster’sThesiswork.

Research Perspective

Subject Field: International

Business

Company Development

Student’s Competence Development

ThE MASTERS ThESIS

Figure 3.TwoApproachestoresearchprocess

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2 .3 Requirements

TheProgrammeDirectororthePrincipalLecturerarethepersonstocontacttomakesurethatyouhavedulyreachedthestageinyourstudiestoenableyoutostartyourThesiswork.TherequirementisthatyouhavecompletedallcompulsorystudiesasrequiredbythecurriculumoftheProgrammebeforethecommencementofyourThesiswork.TheseprerequisitesincludethecompletionofallResearchSchools(I–IV).

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3 PRePARInG to StARt tHe ReSeARCH PRoJeCt

Withthego-aheadapprovalfromtheProgrammeDirector,agoodwaytobeginistogetyourselfacquaintedwithhowtoconductanacademicresearch.Therefore,youaretotakeadvantageoftheresearchseminarsthatwillbeorganizedforyourgroupofstudents.Inaddition,youshouldkeepinmindthattheResearchSchoolsI–IVaredesignedtoprepareyoufortheresearchseminars.Inanysituationofdoubt,youareadvisedtoconsultyourtutororthecourseleaderforqueriesconcerningyourThesiswork.Readingextensivelyselectedliteratureonresearchmethodscanalsodothetrick.Theliteratureyouexposeyourselftowillgiveyouhelpfullistsofotherrelevantliteraturetodrawon.

Whenyouknowthefocusofyourresearchprojectorresearchtopic,youshouldalsoconsultyourProgrammeDirectororthecourseleaderforappointingasupervisortoyou.Seebelowformoreinformation.Eventhoughthechoiceofaresearchinterestisandwillremainyours,itisgoodtohaveasupervisorevenatanearlystageofestablishingyourresearchinterest.

3.1 Developmentprojectoptions–PurelyDevelopmentBasedThesisProject

Figure4illustratestheprocessoftheDevelopmentBasedThesisProjectoptionandthedifferentstagesinvolved.

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RePoRTInG

Reporting at each stages

Topic selection

Proof of concept /

Requirement Definition

Theoretical Considerations

Planning/ Design

Implementation

Testing

Adoption

Presentation of development project and

Maturity test

Figure 4. StagesofDevelopmentBasedThesisProject

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1. Topic selection – defining problem area

Inthetopicselectionstage,youaretogothroughthestepsaslistedanddiscussedincooperationwithyourorganizationrepresentativesandyoursupervisor.

1. Decideonthepartoftheorganization’soperationyouwishtofocusoninyourproject(afunctionalarea;adepartment).

2. Makethedecisionandwithyoursupervisor/tutor,pickanassessmentToolandcarryoutadetailedassessmentofyourorganization’soperationorSBU.

3. Discussyourfindingswithyoursupervisor/tutor.4. CarryoutaSWOTanalysis.5. Discusswithrepresentative/sofyourorganizationandyoursupervisor/tutorto

authenticatetheoutcomeoftheSWOTanalysis.6. Identifythedevelopmentoption/sorproblem/s.(Tobemadeincooperationwithyour

supervisor/tutorandorganizationrepresentatives.)7. Presenttheidentifieddevelopmentproblem/stoyourorganizationrepresentatives.8. Putthedevelopmentoptionsintopriorityorderwithyourorganizationrepresentatives.9. Identifyandselecttheareafordevelopmentandforfurtherspecificationandanalysis.Whenthetopicordevelopmentfocushasbeenestablished,shifttothefollowingstepintheprocess.

2. Proof of concept/Requirement definition

Theproofofconcept/requirementdefinitionstageisforidentificationandestablishingtheareafordevelopmentandforfurtherspecificationandanalysis,i.e.theproductconceptstobedeveloped.Further,thisstageentailsthespecificationanddefinitionoftheareafordevelopment,i.e.thedescriptionandspecificationoftheproductorserviceconcepts,includingdescriptionofproductorserviceattributes,andqualityconcept.

3. Theoretical considerations

Thetheoreticalconsiderationsstagesincorporatesidentifyingandselectingthetheoreticalpointofdeparture.

4. Planning/Design

Intheplanning/designstage,thetasksyouareengagedinareaslistedanddiscussedbelow.

1. Createdevelopmentplan:Businessplanforcreatinganewproductforexample.Youshouldformulateaverybasicdevelopmentplan;itshouldnotbeadetailedbusinessplan,butadevelopmentplanwitheachcategoryandsub-categoryclearlydefined.

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Thedevelopmentplanmustbeagreedonwithyourorganizationrepresentative.Thisshouldincludeanoutlineoftheneededinvestments,i.e.tangibleandintangibleinvestments,suchasconsultingandtrainings.Youalsodevisemanagementandorganizationplans,andstrategyandmarketingplans.

2. Prioritizedevelopmentactions.3. Compilealistofdevelopmentactionsforimplementedandconfirmationwithyour

organizationrepresentativestoseethatitsitswellwiththeorganization’sbusinesspriorities

4. Assesscompetenciesandresourcesneededtoimplementthedevelopmentactions,andfindoutwhethertheseexistinthecompany.

5. Implementation

Theimplementationstageinvolvestheexecutionofthedevelopmentactionsasfollows:

1. Monitortheoverallimplementationprocessandmakesureproblemsaresolvedforyourorganization.

2. Reportontheoverallimplementation.

5. Testing

Thetestingstagerequiresyoutodevisethetestingplanandcarryoutthetestingoftheproductorservice.

6. Adoption

Intheadoptionstagetheproductorserviceisputintouse.

7. Presentation of development project and maturity test

Thefinalstageoftheprocessincludescheckingthatallreportingphaseshavebeencompletedandtheworkhasbeencompiledintoafullmonographandsubmittedtotheappropriatepeople.Thefinalstagealsoincludesthepreparationandpresentationofyourfinaloutcomesandwritingthematuritytest.

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3.2 ResearchBasedoptionwithDevelopmentaspects

3.2.1ThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal

Typicallyeveryresearchbeginswitharesearchdescription.YourThesisProjectdescriptionisanexplanatoryaccountofwhatyouwanttodoinyourproposedresearchwork.Thedescriptiongivesdetailsofyourresearchinterestortopic,objective/s,thepointofviewfromwhichtheresearchwillbemade,thedataandmethodtobeapplied,thescopeoftheresearch,resultsexpectedandtimetable.Youmaywanttobeginwithapreliminaryresearchdescriptionandlatermatureittoafinalversion.Thispracticecanbegoodasitallowsyoutohaveaworkingdescriptionthatyoucanstartwithandwhichcanhelpyourresearchprocesstomoveforward.Atthisstage,youshouldalreadyhaveasupervisorasthiscouldbehelpfulintheprocessofcrystallizingyourresearchdescriptionprocess.ThediscussionbelowprovidesaviewofthecontentandstructureoftheexpectedProjectdescription.

1. Defining and Establishing a research interest or focus

Aswasstatedearlier,theMaster’sThesisProjectinInternationalBusinessManagementmustdealwithapracticalinternationalbusinessmanagementproblem.TheThesisProjectalsomusthaveapplicationvalueforthepurposesofyourorganization.Therefore,toguaranteeasufficientapplicabilityvaluethechoiceoftheresearchfocusmustbemadeinthisspirit.Also,itisadvisablethattheprocessforestablishingaresearchinterestorfocusshouldbemadeindirectconsultationwithyourorganization’srepresentativeotherthanyou.Forexample,thisrepresentativecanbeanappointedcompanyrepresentativewhowillactasthesecondsupervisor.Nevertheless,thefinalchoiceofresearchinterestisyourown.

Eventhoughtheresearchinterestiscleartoyou,itstillrequiredthattheinterestbeapproachedcritically.Thequestionssuchasfollowsaretobeaddressed:Whatisthesubjectarea?Whyshouldtherebeinterestinitinyourorganizationandinthisfield?Whatarethehottopicsorresearchgapsinthefield?Whyisthereneedforthisworkinyourorganization?

Youshouldreviewrelevantexistingliteratureonyourresearchareasorfieldstofindoutwhathasbeenresearchedpreviouslyandwhichproblemshavealreadybeencovered.Inaddition,itisimportanttolookintooraroundyourorganization.Inthecaseofcompetingresearchinterest,youwillhavetoestablishthesignificanceofeachresearchinterestbasedontheirimpactonyourorganizationandyourowncompetencedevelopment.Asthechoiceofresearchinterestisamongthemostcriticalaspectsofyourresearchprocess,theresearchinterestistobeapprovedbyyourthesissupervisor.Theapprovalbythesupervisordoes

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notmeanthatyouwouldberubbedofftherighttomakeyourowndecisionontheresearchinterest.Thedecisionstillremainsyoursand‘approval’meansthatthedecisionshouldbemadeunderthementorshipofanassignedsupervisorinordertomakesurethatthechosenresearchinterestisproperlydefined.

2. Methods

Themethodssectionnecessitatesthedescriptionofthedetailsoftheissuesaslistedbelow:

a. Conceptualandmethodologicalapproachb. Researchmethodology,answeringthefollowingquestions: Whataretheresearchmethodsandtechniquesproposedtobecarryoutthisresearch?Whyhavethesebeenselected?Whyaretheselectedmethodsthemostefficientinthissituation?

3. Data

Datacollectionandanalysisdescribesthefollowing:theplantocollectandanalysedata.Themoredetailedplanyouprovidehere,thebetteryourplanorproposalis.

4. Scope

Theresearchboundariesaredescribedhere.

5. Steps in the research process

Thedescriptionofthestepstobetakeninaccomplishingtheresearchworkisdetailedinthispartofyourdescription.

6. Expected research output

Theexpectedresearchoutputsectionofyourdescriptionaddressesthefollowingquestionsindetail:Whatistheexpectedoutputoftheresearch?Whatisthevalueandvalidityofyourresult/s?Whowillbenefitfromtheresult/s?Whatisthefinalproduct?

YouneedtobearinmindthatyourMaster’sThesisProjectistoproduceaproduct,e.g.areportoraplanforexampleforcreatinganewproductorserviceoracompanydevelopmentplan.

7. Timetable and resources needed

ForthissectionyoudetailtheresourcesnecessarytocarryoutyourProject.Itisimportanttomakesurethatallresourceallocationsareclearlymotivatedandrealistic.

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8. ReferencesThereferenceslistthesourcesthatyoudrawfromandliteratureandpreviousresearchthatyoudrawoninyourMaster’sThesisProject.

3.3 PresentationofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal

ThefinalProjectdescriptionwillhavetobepresentedinaresearchseminar.AdditionalinformationonthiswillbeprovidedbyyourappointedsupervisororbytheProgrammeDirector.(SeealsoinstructionsonresearchseminarinChapter4.)

3.3.1ApprovalofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal

Discussyourresearchdescriptionwithyourappointedsupervisorasyourfinalresearchdescriptionmustbeapprovedbeforeyoucancontinuewithimplementingyourresearchwork.

3.4 ThesisSupervisors

Upontheestablishmentofyourresearchinterestanditssubsequentapproval,appropriatesupervisorswillbeappointedforyourMaster’sThesisProject.OnewillbeanacademicstaffappointedbytheUniversity.Thesecondsupervisorwillcomefromyourownorganizationwheretheresearchisbeingsponsored.AnappointedmemberoftheorganizationwithexpertiseintheareasofyourresearchProjectwillactasthesecondsupervisor.ThetaskofthispersonistoassistyouwithintheorganizationandalsotoensurethatthepracticalrelevanceoftheThesisProjecttotheorganizationissafeguarded.

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4 WHAt IS A GooD MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt?

Thecompactlistbelow,partlydrawingfromGhauriandGronhaug(2002),isprovidedforyoutoshowwhichaspectsareemphasisedasthecoreaspectsofagoodMaster’sThesisProject .

1 . Research orientation2. Choiceofrelevantresearchtopic3. Integrationofscientificandpracticalorientations4. Explorativeanddescriptiveorientation5. Theoreticalknowledgeandconceptualthinkingability6. Criticalthinkingability7. Abilityandpreparednesstoquestionassumptionsnotobjectivelytested8. Relevanceandrelevantuseofmaterialsandliterature9.Workandprocessmanagement10. UseofEnglishlanguageforgoodreadabilityandlogicaltreatmentoftopic

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5 ReSeARCH SeMInAR PRoCeSS

Thefirstresearchseminarshallbeheldintheautumncontactsession.Thefirstseminarfocusesonyourpreparationandorientationtoresearchwork.Belowyouwillfindastep-by-stepdescriptionoftheMaster’sThesisseminarworkprocesstoensureyourgraduation.

1. Openingandinformationsessionconductedbythesupervisor/stolaunchthereportingprocessoftheMaster’sThesisProject,followedbydiscussionswiththesupervisor/sforinitiatingtheworkonthebasisoftheexistingProjectdescription/Projectproposalunderprocess.

2. ResearchseminarsessiontointroducetheProjectdescription/ProjectproposalfordiscussionandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudentsparticipatingintheseminarwork.

3. SeminarsessionwithafocusonResearchMethodstointroducetheresearchmethodsandthestep-by-stepprogressoftheThesisProjectfordiscussionandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents.

4. SteeringseminarsessionforassessingtheprogressoftheThesisProjectthroughaSWOTanalysis,forthefinalnarrowingdownoftheThesistopicandgoalsonthebasisofthefeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents.

5. SteeringseminarsessionwithafocusonreportingtheMaster’sThesisProjectinwriting.

6. TextseminarsessiontodiscussthewrittentextsunderthetutelageofanEnglishlanguageteacherafterthesupervisorhasgivenago-aheadinviewofthecontent oftheThesiswork.

7. PreliminaryreviewseminarsessiontointroducetheresultsoftheThesisProjectaidedbyaPPslideshowforreviewandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents,followedbysubmissionoftheworkinthreecopiestothedepartmentofficeforpreliminaryreview.

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8. FinalpresentationseminarsessiontointroducethecompletedMaster’sThesisProjectaidedbyaPPslideshowforreviewandfeedbackbythesupervisor,otherMasterstudentsandotheraudience,includingthesubmissionofthesubsequentdocumentation(seminarcards,assessmentbythesponsor,self-assessment)tothesupervisor.

9. Maturitytestwrittenbythestudent.

10.Maturitytestassessedbythesupervisorandalanguageteacher.

11.SubmissionoftheMaster’sThesisworkinthreecopiestotheLibrary,andpaymentforbindingandcasing-inoftheMaster’sThesis.

12.Applicationforofficialgraduationsubmittedtothedepartmentofficebythestudent.

13.RegistrationofthegradeofthecompletedMaster’sThesisintheWinhastudentregisterbythesupervisor.

14.Officialacceptanceofthestudent’sgraduationbytheGraduationBoard.

15.OfficialgraduationceremonyatKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences,BusinessandCultureDepartment.

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6 MAtURItY teSt

AmaturitytestwrittenonMaster’sThesesatuniversitiesofappliedsciencesispartoftheMaster’sDegreestudies.AmaturitytestreceivingthePassgradeshowsyouracquaintanceandanin-depthknowledgeofthesubjectareacoveredinyourMaster’sThesisworkandproficiencyofthelanguageinwhichthetestiswritten.TheUniversitydecidesaboutthewritingofamaturitytestwhenthestudentisnotsubjecttothelanguageproficiencydefinedin8§,clause1intheDecreeonPolytechnics(TheCouncilofStateDecreeonPolytechnics15May,2003/352,clause3,DegreesreceivedfromPolytechnicsandthedegreecriteria[16June,2005/423],10§.)

IncompliancewiththeDecree,studentswritetheirmaturitytestsunderasupervisedexamsituation.Whenthestudent’smothertongueisFinnish,she/hewritesthematuritytestinFinnish,alsowhenshe/hestudiesinastudyprogrammeinstructedinalanguageotherthanFinnish.Whenthestudent’smothertongueisSwedish,she/hehastherighttowritethematuritytestinSwedish.ThestudentwhosemothertongueisotherthanFinnishorSwedishwritesthematuritytestinthelanguageinwhichshe/hewroteher/hisMaster’sThesis.

ThematuritytestiswrittenonlyaftertheMaster’sThesishasofficiallybeenaccepted.ThesupervisorassignsthestudentsthreethemesortopicsrelatedtotheirMaster’sThesisworkandthestudentswriteanessayononeofthetopics.Theextentofthematuritytestis1–2hand-writtenofficialexaminationpapers,whichare4-sidedpreprintedforms,withwritingineachline.Itisalsopossibletowordprocessthematuritytest.OtherformsofwritingamaturitytestonMaster’sThesesareacceptable,e.g.apressreleaseoranarticlepublishedinanewspaper,magazineortheorganization’snewsletter.

ThecontentofthematuritytestisreviewedandassessedbythesupervisoroftheMaster’sThesisworkandthelanguageisassessedbyalanguageteacherofFinnish,Swedish,orEnglish.ThematuritytestisgiventhegradeofPassedorFailed.Whenassessingthelanguageusedinthematuritytest,thefollowingcriteriaareapplied:

1. Generalstructure,andthecoherentandlogicalprogressoftheentiretext,includingclearparagraphing,andheadlining.

2. Intelligibilityofthematuritytestasanindependenttext,withinformedargumentationused,statementsmade,andjustificationgivenforthestatements.

3. Clarity,includingsentenceandclausestructures,theuseofprofessionalandfield-specifictermsandconcepts,andthechoiceofappropriatewords.

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4. Style,i.e.written,factual,matter-of-factstyle,andlanguage,includingcorrectness,spelling,andlayoutasassigned.

Ifthestudentreceivesafailedgrade,she/heisentitledtobeinformedoftheflawsanderrorsinthelinguisticexpressionofthematuritytest.

Studentswithdyslexiaaresubjecttothefollowing:

• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillbeaskedtosubmitacertificatewrittenbyaspecialistdoctororaspecialistteacherdetailingthenatureofher/hisdyslexia.

• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillbeallowedanextendedtimeforwritingorwordprocessingthematuritytest.

• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillhaveanopportunitytocomplementinspeakingher/hiswrittenmaturitytest.Ifthistakesplace,aremarkofthisismadeinthedegreecertificate.

Theinstructionsgivenabovearetobefollowedwhenwriting,readingandacceptingmaturitytestswrittenbyMasterstudents.

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7 eVALUAtIon oF MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt WoRK

Grading scaleGrading criteria

5Excellent

4Good

3Sufficient

2Insufficient

1Very poor Fail

1.Relevanceof thematerialsused

2.Originality of the ontents

3.Understanding ofthetask

4.Informedargumentation

5.Analytical Skills

6.WorkManagement

7.Practicalrelevanceof theproject

ThegeneralandassessmentciteriawiththefocusonthepracticalrelevanceoftheworkareillustratedinTable1below.Amoredetaileddescriptionofeachgradewillbefoundonpage25,initiatingwiththehighestpossiblegrade5andclosingwithFail.

Table 1. GradingscaleandgradingcriteriaofMaster’sThesis

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CRIteRIA InDICAtoRS

Grade 5

AdvancedunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicareathoroughlycoveredandresearchedClear,logical,andcohesivestructureestablishedExcellentlevelofanalyticalskillsdisplayedOriginalityandindividualthinkingexplicatedStrongengagementwithresearchmaterialdemonstratedExcellentcontrolofpresentationtime,delivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedApplicationoftheresearchoutcomesarestrongandleadtodevelopmentactionsinthestudent’sorganization

Grade 4

VerygoodunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedAllrelevanttopicscoveredThoroughknowledgeoftopicliteraturepresentedClear,logical,andcohesivestructureestablishedOriginalityandindividualthinkingexplicatedVerygoodcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicability/implementationoftheresearchoutcomesareverygood

Grade 3

GoodunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedEssentialtopicscoveredAspectsofindividualthinkingpresentedonlytoabasiclevelGoodcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesaresatisfactorilysufficient

26

Grade 2

SatisfactoryunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicspresentedlisted,citedorsummarizedSomepersonalinterpretationpresentedSometopicsareuncoveredSatisfactorycontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesareweak

Grade 1

WeakunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicspresentedlisted,citedorsummarizedSometopicsuncoveredPoorqualityofreferencesdisplayedBasicknowledgecoveredOnlyadegreeofeffortdemonstratedWeakcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluetothestudent’sorganizationislackingortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesarenonexistent

Fail

BasicknowledgeuncoveredTopicsuncoveredEvidentlackofeffortshownNocontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,ormannerofrepresentationApplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomescannotbeestablishedorarenonexistent.

Note:AFailcanonlybeadministeredwhenthetotalassignmentshowsthecriteriaofFail.TheconsequenceofaFAIListhatthereportmustbere-submittedagainafterconsiderablerepairsandimprovements.

27

8 MASteR’S tHeSIS RePoRt

8.1LayoutofMaster’sThesis

AMaster’s’sThesishastoincludeatitlepage,anabstract,atextpartandreferencesaccordingto the instructions .

Paper size, font size and type and spacing

• ThetextisprintedtoaA4sizepaperusing1.5spacing.• Thepagenumberisplacedontopinthemiddleofthepage.• Thepaginationisstartedonthecoverpageanditwillgoonconsecutivelyuntilthe

endofappendices.Thefirstpagenumberismarkedontheintroductionpage.Inaddition,theappendicesaretitledandnumberedseparatelyintherunningorder.

• Thetitleoftheappendixiswrittenontheleftsideoftheheaderandthenumberoftheappendix(e.g.Appendix1)ontherightsideoftheheader.

• ThefonttypeisTimesNewRomanandthesizeis12.• ThecoverpageofaMaster’sThesisisattached(Appendix1).• ThetableofcontentofaMaster’sThesisisattached.

Margins

• Thewidthoftheleftmarginis4cms.• Thewidthoftherightmarginis2cms.• Theheightofthetopandbottommarginsis2cms.

Headings and text paragraphs

• Textparagraphsareseparatedfromeachotherwithoneemptyline.• Twoemptylinesareleftabovetheheadingsandoneemptylineunderthem.• ThemainheadingsarewritteninCAPITALLETTERS(1MAINHEADING)and

thesubheadings(2.1Subheading)insmallletters.Ifthemainchapterhassub-chapters,therehastobeatleasttwosubchapters.Usuallytwochapterlevelssuffice.

• Themainchaptersstartonanewpage.• Therearetwodifferentoptionalwaysofwriting:

–Anintroductorytextofafewlinescanbewrittenbetweenthemainheadingsandsubheadingstoindicatethemaincontentsofthesubsequenttextinthechapter.

–Themainheadingsandsubheadingscanbewrittenwithoutanyintroductorytext.

Figures and tables

Nochapterisopenedwithafigureortable.Instead,theircontenthastobeexplainedand

28

interpretedfirstinwriting.Allfiguresandtablesareconsecutivelynumberedandgivenself-explanatorytitles.ThewordsFigureandTableareboldfaced,andtherearenofullstopsattheendoftitles.Titlesoftablesareplacedabovetables,whereastitlesoffiguresareplacedbelowfigures.

8 .2 Reference instructions

Ithastobeevidentinthetext,whichpartofitisthewriter’sowntextandwhichistextfromanothersourceregardlessofthefactwhetherthetextusedisadirectquotationorareference.Alsothepage/susedinthequotationhavetobeenteredintothereference.Thepreferablewayofquotingisarephrasedsummary,inwhichthewritersumstheessentialpointofthereferenceusedupandwritesitinhis/herownwords.Theuseofadirectquotationcanalsosometimesbewell-founded.Adirectquotationisaword-for-wordcitation,whichismarkedwithquotationmarks.Directquotationsofoverthreetype-writtenlineshavetobewrittenwithdenserspacing,indentedandmarkedwithreference.Inthiscasenoquotationmarksareneeded.Thesourcesusedhavetobemarkedbothintothetextandinthelistofreferences.ReferenceguidestothelistofreferencesorsourcesattheendoftheMaster’sThesis,wherethereaderwillgetmorespecificbibliographicalinformationonthesource.Therefore,therehastobeacompletecorrespondencebetweenthereferenceandthelistofreferencesorsources.Onlytheliteraturethatactuallyhasbeenusedinthethesisandtowhichtherearereferencesinthetextwillbeenteredintothelist.AspecimenlistofreferencesisinAppendix3.Thename-yearsystemisusedwhenmarkingthereferences(Appendix2).

8.3Abstract(TheregulationabidesbythestandardSFS3855)

Theabstractcomprisesthefollowinginformation:Writer’ssurname,Writer’sforename.Year.Nameofthethesis.Master’sThesis.Kemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.BusinessandCulture.Pages99.Appendices1–3.Thenumberofpagesandappendicesvaries.NextthecontentoftheMaster’sthesiswillbewrittensothattheproblem,goalorfunction,method,resultsandconclusionsoftheworkcanbeclearlyseen.Thechapters,picturesorappendicesoftheactualreportarenottobereferredtointheabstracttext.Thetextwillhavetobeunderstoodindependently.ThetextiswrittenononeA4-sizedpageusingdivisionintoparagraphs.

Keywords:OnthebasisofthecontentoftheMaster’sThesis,3–7keywordswillbewritten.Thewordsareseparatedfromeachotherbycommas.

29

ReCoMMenDeD ReADInGS

Printed

Ghauri,PervezandGronhaug,Kjell2002.ResearchMethodsinBusinessStudies:APracticalGuide,PrenticeHall.

Gummerson,E2000.QualitativeMethodsinManagementResearch.Seconded.Sage,ThousandOaks,CA.

Meriläinen,Juha:Opinnäytetyöt,Kevät2009.Tietojenkäsittelynkoulutusohjelma,Kemi-Tornionammattikorkeakoulu.

Nokso-Koivisto,Pekka&Pikkarainen,Eero2007.Opinnäytetyö/Kehittämistehtävä.KajaaninAmmattikorkeakoulu.

Reading2.5:Criticalthinking:whatitisandwhyitcountshttp://www.austhink.org/critical/ThesisProcess.Supervisor’sguide.SavoniaBusinessSchool,SavoniaUniversityofApplied

Sciences,Kuopio.12.6.2006.TheUniversityofMichigan2005.PolicyandguidelinesforwritinganUrban+regional

PlanningThesisorprofessionalproject.Viinamäki,Leena2008.OpinnäytetyöopasSosiaalialankoulutusohjelma.Kemi-Tornion

ammattikorkeakoulunjulkaisuja.SarjaC.Opetusmateriaalit1/2008.

Electronic

Austhink2007.Reading2.5:Criticalthinking:whatitisandwhyitcounts.Lastupdated06Dec2007.<http://www.austhink.org/critical/>

30

APPenDIx 1

31

ReFeRenCeS

ThefollowinginstructionsarepremisedonthesourcebooksHirsjärvi,Sirkka&Remes,Pirkko&Sajavaara,Paula2001.Tutkijakirjoita;Repo,Irma&Nuutinen,Tahvo2003.ViestintätaitoandthelayoutinstructionsbythelibraryandinformationservicesoftheKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.Ifthereferenceisfocusedononesummarizedsentence,thereferenceisplacedinsidethesentence in question .

• Theuseofthesedevicescanbeanindicationofwriters’wishtoappearasindividualsinatechnologythatsupportsacertainamountofanonymityandsameness(Nantz&Drexel1995,46–47).

Ifthereferenceisfocusedonmorethanonesummarizedsentence,thereferenceisconsideredasanindependentsentence,whichstartswithacapitalinitialletterandendswithafullstop,whichisplacedinsidetheparenthesis.

• Face-saving,face-threatandsupportmayhavedifferentmeaningsforculturallydifferentgroupsofpeople.Restoringequilibriumcanonlybedoneinamannerappropriatetothecultureofthegroupofpeople.(Holmes1990,161.)

Iftheauthorismentionedalreadyinthetext,onlytheyearandpage/sarewritteninsidetheparentheses.

• Gains(1999,92)suggeststhatthemediumofemailisacommunicativeoffshootofconversationandemaillanguagehasconversationalfeaturesinit.

Iftherearetwoauthors,bothofthemarementionedinthetextandinthereferencebyusingan&-sign.

• IntheirnormativeguidebookontheuseofemailinbusinesscommunicationAngelandHeslop(1994,3)urgeemailwriterstoforgetabouttherulesandnormsofthetraditionalbusinesscommunication.

• Theyencouragewriterstousemoreinformalstyleinordernottolosethedynam-ismofthenewcommunicationmedia.(Angel&Heslop1994,3.)

Iftherearethreeormoreauthors,allthenamesarelistedbyusingan&-signwhilementioningthereferenceforthefirsttime.Allthenamesareconjugatedwhenneeded.Whenreferringtosuchareferencelateron,itissufficienttowritetheabbreviationetal.afterthefirstname.

• HannuLatomaa,HeikkiPavasandTarjaKemppainen(1992,13)statethattheintroductionpresentstheparticularsofthesourcesanddata.

• Theintroductiondetailsthesourcesanddataandexplainshowthesourcesareused(Latomaa&Pavas&Kemppainen1992,13).

nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 1(5)

32

Thepublicationsareplacedinchronologicalorderandtheyearsareseparatedfromeachotherbyasemicolon.Ifoneauthorhasseveralpublicationsofthesameyear,thepublicationsareplacedinalphabeticalorderbytheirnamesandtheyearsaremarkedaccordinglywithsmalllettersa,b,cetc.

• TheuseoftechnologyinbusinesscommunicationhasbeenstudiedbyLouhiala-Salminen(1995;1999;2001;2005).

• Bargiela-Chiappini’s(1999a;1999b)reasearchfocusesoninterculturalbusinessinteraction.

Ifthereisareferencetothesourcesfromdifferentauthorsinthesameparentheses,thereferencesareplacedinchronologicalorderfromtheoldesttothelatest.Thepublicat-ionsareseparatedfromeachotherbyasemicolon.Iftheorderofimportanceofthesourcesissignificant,firstthemainsourceismentioned,afterwhichasourcelessimportantbutworthmentioningismarkedafterasemicolonwithdenotationSeealsoorSeefurther.

• Kankaanranta(2005;seealsoGains1999)hasstudiedrequestingbehaviourinbusinesscontexts.

Thereferencehastoexplicateasecondarysource.Onlyforaspecific,well-foundedreasonasecondarysourcecanbeusedinareferenceinauniversity-leveltext.Inthatcaseboththesecondaryandprimarysourcehastobementioned.Onlythosesecondarysourcesareenteredintothelistofsources,whichthewriterhasprimarilygotfamiliarwith.

• VandeKopple’s(1985;1988)classificationsystemhasbeenproductiveandithasbeenusedbyotherscientisttocreatenewsubcategoriesbycollapsing,separatingandreorganizinghisclassificationsystem(Crismore&Markkanen&Steffensen1993,55).

Iftheauthorofthepublicationusedasasourceisunknown,thename,yearandpagenumberofthepublicationisusedinthetextasareferenceorthefirst2–3wordsofthenameofthepublicationarementionedandthewordswillthenidenticallystartthecorrespondingplaceinthelistofsources.Thenameoftheauthorisreplacedinthetextandlistofsourcese.g.bythenameofanewpaperarticlebyanunknownauthor.Refer-encestolaws,acts,decrees,statutesandcommitteereportshavetobemarkedthesameway.

• AccordingtotheReport,thecompany’sinternalcommunicationneededimprove-mentanddevelopmenttoenableprofitablegrowthinthecompany(OCDPFinalReport1999,15).

Ifapersonalinformationsourcesuchasaletter,atelephoneconversation,ane-mailmessage,alectureoradiscussionhasbeenutilisedasasource,thenthereferencewillbemarkedasfollows:

• Additionalemphasisneedstobeplacedontheimplicationsofthenewtechnologyfortherequirementsoflearningmaterials(Ventola2005).

Ifthereferenceisaudiovisualmaterialorelectronicmediasuchasfilms,televisionprogrammes,cassettes,records,Internetmaterial,CD-ROMmaterialorcomputerprograms,themostaccurateprinciplesaspossibleformarkingreferencesinthetextareused:

nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 2(5)

33

• Internetsource:Theconversationalnatureofleadershipandmanagementshouldbeplacedmoreemphasisoninbusinessstudiestoday(Sieler1998).NB!NoInternetaddressesarewrittenintothereference.Theyarewrittenintothelistofsources.

• E-mailsource:TheinstructionsconcerningthelayoutoftheBachelor’sThesisarebasedontheguidelinessubmittedbytheLibraryServicesofKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences(Kangas2002).NB!Noe-mailaddressesarewrittenintothereference.Theyarewrittenintothelistofsources.

ReFeRenCe SoURCeS

Allthereferencesinthetextarelistedalphabeticallyinthelistofsources.Thesourcesareenteredintothelistprimarilybythesurname/softheauthor/s.Ifanauthorhasseveralpublications,theyareenteredchronologicallybythepublicationyear.Ifanauthorhaspublishedseveralpublicationsduringthesameyear,theyareseparatedfromeachotherbyaddinga,b,cetc.aftertheyear.

BOOKS:author’ssurname+author’sforename(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthebook+edition(ifmorethanone)+publisher+publisher’sdomicile.

• Crystal,David2001.LanguageandtheInternet.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge.

Iftherearetwoormoreauthors,theirnamesarelinkedwithan&-sign.• Holloway,Wendy&Jefferson,Tony2000.DoingQualitativeResearchDifferent-ly:FreeAssociation,NarrativeandtheInterviewMethod.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA.

Ifthebookhasaneditor,buttherearenoarticlesbynamedauthorsinthebook,theabbreviation(ed.)isindicatedasfollows:

• vanDijk,Teun(ed.)1997.DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.

Aresearchreporteditedbyoneeditoralsoshowstheabbreviation(ed.)asfollows:• Ilmonen,Kai(ed.)2000.Sosiaalinenpääomajaluottamus.SoPhi42,Jyväskylä.

Ifaneditedbookhaschapterswrittenbynamedauthors,thereferenceiswrittenbythenameoftheauthor,notbythenameoftheeditor/s.Theabbreviation(ed.)isusedasbelow.Thenumberofpagesofthewholearticlearewrittenlast.

• Drew,Paul&Sorjonen,Marja-Leena1997.InstitutionalDialogue.InT.vanDijk(ed.)DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.92–118.

Aseparatesourceiswrittenoutofthecompilationwhenneeded.

nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 3(5)

34

Ifthebookhasnonamedindividualauthor,thenameisreplacedbythenameofthebookorthecollectiveauthor.Itisenteredintothelistofsourcesaccordingtothealpha-beticalorder.Inthetextthereferenceismarkedbywritingthethreefirstwordsandtheyearofthesource.

• Murrosvaiheenvalinnat1993.Työhallinnonstrategisetlinjaukset1990-luvuntyö-politiikassa.PublicationoftheLabourAdministration36.MinistryofLabour,Helsinki.(Thereporthasnonamedindividualauthors.)

• Valtiovarainministeriö1998.Tuottavuudellatulevaisuuteen.Julkistenpalvelujenlaatustrategia-project,4.AssociationofFinnishLocalandRegionalAuthorities,Helsinki.(Collectiveauthor)

NEWSPAPERS:surnameofthewriterofthearticle+forenameofthewriterofthearticle(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthearticle+issuedate+codeofthenewspapersection+pagenumber/s.

• Zachary,David1994.It’samailthing.ElectronicmessaginggetsaratingEX.TheWallStreetJournal75,June22.

• Gronow,Kira2004.Sydämiä,siirappia,romantiikkaa!Neljäkeski-ikäistämiestäpuhuuhempeitäsanojarakkaudesta.HelsinginSanomat13.2.2004,Nyt-weeklyappendix8–11.

Ifthewriterhasnotbeenmentioned,thereferenceisindicatedasfollows:• Yksityishenkilöidenkonkurssitlisääntyneet1996.IsoSavo12.1.1996,7.

MAGAZINES:surnameofthewriterofthearticle+forenameofthewriterofthearticle(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthearticle+nameofthemagazine+annualvolume+number+thepagerangeofthewholearticle

• Haavio-Mannila,Elina1982.Työnlaatujatyöpaikkarakkaudet.Sosiologia19(4),225–236.

LAWSandACTS:nameoftheact+promulgationdateoftheact+numberofthecodeofstatutes .

• ComprehensiveSchoolAct1983.27.5.1983/476.

UNPRINTEDSOURCES(BACHELOR’STHESES):writer+year+title+publicationchannel.

• Hyväri,Susanna1991.YKSIN,KAKSINJAYHDESSÄ–Naistenjamiestentyöhö-nhakeutuminenjamuuttokahteenyhdyskuntaan.UniversityofTampere,Depart-mentofSociologyandSocialPsychology.Licentiatework.

INTERVIEW,E-MAILSOURCEETC.:interviewee’ssurname+interviewee’sfore-name+year+interviewee’spost+interviewee’sworkplace+dateofinterview.

• Viljanen,Sakari1998.ProductManager,DigitalEquipmentCorporationOy,Helsinki,1.6.1998.

• e-mailsource:sender+year+subject+date.– Kangas,Elina2002.Henkilökohtainentiedonantotiimipostinsulkemisajasta.

11 .10 .2002 .

nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 4(5)

35

AUDIOVISUALMATERIALANDELECTRONICMEDIA(films,televisionprogrammes,cassettes,records,Internetmaterial,CD-ROMmaterialandcomputerprograms:

• Internetsource:writer+year+title+printdate+webaddress.ItisgoodtoprintInternetsources,becauseduetotheircharactertheycanbeeditedinrealtimeorevenremovedfromtheweb.

–Järvinen,Taru2000.Alueellisenkehittyneisyydenjamuuttoliikkeenvälinenproblematiikka.Readorprinted8.2.2003.<http://www.utu.fi/erill/instmigr/art/jarvinen.htm>

nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 5(5)

36

PrintedAirola,Anneli2000.TowardsInternationalization.EnglishOralProficiencyinBBAStudies

atNorthKareliaPolytechnic.PublicationsinEducationN:o55.Univers-ityofJoensuu,Joensuu .

Bargiela-Chiappini,Francesca&Bülow-Møller,AnneMarie&Nickerson,Catherine&Poncini,Gina&Zhu,Yang2003.FiveperspectivesonInterculturalCommunicat-ion.BusinessCommunicationQuarterly66(3).73–96.

Crystal,David2001.LanguageandtheInternet.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge.Drew,Paul&Sorjonen,Marja-Leena1997.InstitutionalDialogue.InT.vanDijk(ed.)

DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.92–118.Harding,Rebecca2006.GlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor.UKNationalReportfor2005.

LondonBusinessSchool,London.Holden,Nigel2002.Cross-culturalManagement.AKnowledgeManagementPerspect-ive.

PrenticeHall,London.Holloway,Wendy&Jefferson,Tony2000.DoingQualitativeResearchDifferently:Free

Association,NarrativeandtheInterviewMethod.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA .

Iedema,Rick&Scheeres,Helene2003.FromDoingWorktoTalkingWork:Re-negotiatingKnowing,DoingandIdentity.AppliedLinguistics24(3).316–337.

Juholin,Elisa1999.ParadiseLostorRegained?TheMeaningsandPerceptionsofOrganisationalCommunicationsof1990’sinFinnishWorkOrganisations.Infor-viestintäOy,Helsinki.

Patton,MichaleQuinn2002.QualitativeResearch&EvaluationMethods.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA.

Poncini,Gina2002.Businessrelationshipsandrolesinamulticulturalgroup:AninvestigationofdiscourseatanItaliancompany’smeetingsofitsinternationaldistributors.UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham.

Rhodes,Cecilia&Scheeres,Helene2004.Developingpeopleinorganizations:working(on)identity.StudiesinContinuingEducation26(2).175–193.

Tucker,Robert2002.DrivingGrowththroughInnovation:HowLeadingFirmsAreTransformingTheirFutures.Berrett-Koehler,SanFrancisco,CA.

Vaara,Eero2002.ConstructionsofCulturalDifferencesinPostmergerChangeProcess-es:ASensemakingPerspectiveonFinnish-SwedishCases.M@n@gement32.81–110.

REFERENCES–ASPECIMEN APPENDIx3 1(2)

37

Not printedOCDPFinalReport:ProfitableGrowththroughBetterCommunications.FinalReportof

InterculturalCorporateTrainingProgram1999.Sieler,Alan1998.TheConversationalNatureofLeadershipandManagement.New-field

AustraliaPtyLtd.DownloadedinNovember2003.<http://www.newfieldaus.com.au/Articles/Conversational_Nature.htm>

Skyrme,David2002.The3CsofKnowledgeSharing:Culture,Co-opetitionandCommitment.EntovationInternationalNews.DownloadedinSeptember2003.<http://www.skyrme.com/updates/u64_f1.htm>

Ventola,Eija2005.NewChallengesforEnglishLanguageTeachingMaterialsandtheClassroom.ApaperpresentedattheBALEAP/SATEFLConference,April2005,HeriotWattUniversity,Edinburgh,Scotland.DownloadedinOctober2005.<http//www.satefl.org.uk/newapproaches/abstracts.html>

ReFeRenCeS APPenDIx 3 2(2)

38

APPenDIx 4

39

40

41