Guidelines for the Thesis Project of the Master’s Degree ... · Business Management offered by...
Transcript of Guidelines for the Thesis Project of the Master’s Degree ... · Business Management offered by...
Guidelines for the Thesis Project of the Master’s Degree Programme in
International Business Management
Anthony Okuogume & Pirjo Alatalo
Kemi-Tornion ammattikorkeakoulun julkaisujaSarja C. Opetusmateriaalit 1/2009
© Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Sciences and authors
ISBN 978-952-9785-77-3ISSN 1239-5099
Kemi-Tornio University of Applied SciencesP.O.Box 504, 94101 Kemi
Tel. +358 (0)10 353 50
www.tokem.fi/kirjasto/julkaisut
Graphic design and layout: KTAMK viestintä
Content
1 MASteR’S DeGRee PRoGRAMMe In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent At KeMI-toRnIo UnIVeRSItY oF APPLIeD SCIenCeS . . 5
1 .1 objective of the Master’s Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 ProfileoftheMaster’sProgramme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 CoMPLetInG MASteR’S tHeSIS In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 .1 objectives of the thesis Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 .2 What is Master’s thesis Project? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 .3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3 PRePARInG to StARt tHe ReSeARCH PRoJeCt . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1Developmentprojectoptions–PurelyDevelopmentBasedThesisProject . . . . . 12
3.2 ResearchBasedoptionwithDevelopmentaspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.1ThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 PresentationofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3.1ApprovalofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 ThesisSupervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4 WHAt IS A GooD MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt? . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
5 ReSeARCH SeMInAR PRoCeSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6 MAtURItY teSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7 eVALUAtIon oF MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt WoRK . . . . . . . . . . 24
8 MASteR’S tHeSIS RePoRt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.1LayoutofMaster’sThesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8 .2 Reference instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.3Abstract(TheregulationabidesbythestandardSFS3855) . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ReCoMMenDeD ReADInGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
APPenDIx 1: CoVeR PAGe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
APPenDIx 2: nAMe-YeAR SYSteM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
APPenDIx 3: REFERENCES–ASPECIMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
APPenDIx 4: ContentS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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1 MASteR’S DeGRee PRoGRAMMe In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent At KeMI-toRnIo UnIVeRSItY oF APPLIeD SCIenCeS
1 .1 objective of the Master’s Programme
TheobjectiveoftheIBMMaster’sProgrammeistoprovideaholisticprogrammeofmultidisciplinarysubjectsfortalentswhoareaimingtoenterintointernationalbusinessenvironmentsorwhoarealreadyworkingintheseenvironments.Astrongemphasisonmulticulturalandmultilingualpracticesisincludedtoenhancecompetenciesinthefieldofentrepreneurship,marketing,management,andfinanceininternationalbusiness.
TheProgrammealsoaimsatdesigningandbuildingconcretedevelopmentplansforenterprisestosupporttheirinternationalizationprocesses.Thesocialandproblemsolving-basedapproachrequiresclosecooperationbetweentalents,theircoachesandtheeducationalenvironment.EnterprisesareofferedanopportunitytoactivelyparticipateintheconstructionoftheProgramme,contents,researchanddevelopmentplans.Jointcourseware,virtualmodulesandprojectsarecarriedoutinclosecollaborationwithinternationalpartnerinstitutions .
BlendedandparticipatorylearningaddextravaluetotheProgrammeasitprovidesstrongopportunitiestolinktheorywithpractice.Thesenovelpracticesarecombinedwithbestpracticesfrombusinesslifeandeducation,i.e.project-andteam-work,coachingandlearningportfolio,tounderpinthefutureorientationoftheProgrammeandtostrengthenthecompetenciesofthetalents.
Innovativeentrepreneurshipandmanagementdemanddeepeningandwideningofknowledge,skillsandculturalawarenessofthetalentstobeabletounderstandthecomplexityofbringingenterprisestointernationalmarkets.Allpracticalwork,i.e.themeassignmentsandtheMaster’sPracticum,fordomesticorforeignenterprisesarealignedwiththeaboveobjective.
1.2 ProfileoftheMaster’sProgramme
TheMaster’sDegreeProgrammeisdesignedtoincreasethecompetenciesofthetalentsandtorespondtotheneedsofbusinessorganizations.Thestudiesprovideskillsininternationalbusinessmanagement.Bynatureandmethodsandasalearningprocess,theMaster’sProgrammeisaspecialformofadulteducationwherethecorefocusisonprofessional
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growthofthetalent.Itsfoundationisontheappreciationofdiversityandmulticulturalism,andondefiningandsolvingadevelopmentideaorproblemwithfellowtalentsandinpartnershipwiththeworkinglife.
TheMaster’sProgrammefocusesonsubject-specificcompetencesandgenericcompetences.Thesecompetencesrepresentadynamiccombinationofattributes(knowledge),abilities(skills)andattitudes.FosteringthesecompetencesistheobjectoftheProgramme.Competencesareobtainedbythetalents,andtheyareformedinvariouscoursesandassessedatdifferentstages.
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2 CoMPLetInG MASteR’S tHeSIS In InteRnAtIonAL BUSIneSS MAnAGeMent
TheInternationalBusinessManagementProgrammeisdividedintofivethemesorblocks.Fourblocksconsistofthree5-ECTScoursesanda3-ECTSresearchprojectworkcompletedintheresearchschool.Theaimofeachresearchprojectistodevelopyourskillsininformationretrieval,analysisandapplication,andinresearchmethodology.SothedevelopmentofcompetencesinresearchprocessandmethodologyisajourneythatstartswithresearchschoolI(RSI)rightthroughRSII,andviaRSIIIandRSIVtothefinalthesisproject.
Thefinalthesisproject(30ECTS)isanintegrativeelementoftheseresearchschoolsandconsistsofthefourthemeresearchprojects(4times3ECTS)plusthefinalthesisprojectwork(18ECTS)asshowninFigure1below.
APPlIcATIonDemonstrating knowledge in the field Application in thesis project for company’s implication
Company development competences
Competence in research process & methodology
ReseARch MeThoDsPreliminary development of research interest & focus
PRePARATIon sTAGesBuild conceptsDev. InsightsInt. perspective
IMPleMenTATIon sTAGesPlans for creating unique solutions, ideas or innovationsOutline of resource commitments (org, strategic marketing)Usage
coMPleTIon & IMPleMenTATIonsReportingPresentationEvaluationUsage/odoption
completed thesis report with skills in research methodology well demonstrated
Company development through thesis project with sufficient application value to student’s company
1 2 3 4
Rs 1–2 Rs 3–4 Rs 5
ReseARch MeThoDsPreliminary development of research interest & focus
PlAnnInG sTAGesAssesments & analysisIdentifying dev. OptionsSpecifying dev.issues
Competence development in International business management
BAsIcFocus: developing the basic understandings on the underlining conceptual & contextual drivers of film’s internationalisation
coMPeTence AwarenessThe student understands the language of international business strategies
APPlIcATIonsImplementation stages
Figure 1. TheResearchSchoolinaHolisticView
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2 .1 objectives of the thesis Project
ThepurposeoftheMaster’sThesisistodevelopyourabilitytocarryoutappliedresearchanddevelopmentactivities.Itistheapplicationofknowledgeandskillsofinternationalbusinessmanagementonaspecificareaofyourchoiceandinyourstakeholder’sorganization.Therefore,theThesisworkisadevelopmentprojectgearedtosolvingworkinglifeproblems.Amongthecompetenciestobedevelopedarecompetenceinappliedresearchmethodologyandprocess,companydevelopmentcompetenciesin,forexample,howtoanalyzeyourorganization’soperations,howtoidentifyandselectdevelopmentoptions,andhowtoimplementdevelopmentplans.
TheworkduringtheThesisprojectincludesthefollowing:• Introductorytexts• Developmentprojectwork• Developmentplan• Methodologicalstudies• Developmentactivitiesanddevelopmentproject• Developmentofyourownwork• Implementation• Report• Writtenandoralmaturitytest.
Extent: 18 eCt
Learning strategy: Projectdevelopmentactivities,seminarsessions,Thesiswork,defenceandsubmissionofafinalpaper.
Readings: Asrecommendedbythelecturers.
Resource Persons: CourseleaderisMr.AnthonyOkuogumeandThesissupervisorsareappointedonacase-by-casebasis.
2 .2 What is Master’s thesis Project?
TheMaster’sThesisor‘Project’isawrittenworkcompletedincompliancewiththerequirementsleadingtotheMasterofBusinessAdministrationDegreeinInternational
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BusinessManagementofferedbytheKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.ThevariouselementsofyourMaster’sThesisinInternationalBusinessManagementaredepictedinFigure2below.
TheMaster’sThesisiseventuallythemostimportantwrittenworkyouaretocreatetocompleteyourMaster’sstudies.ThroughtheMaster’sThesisprojectyouareexpectedtodemonstrateyourknowledgeinthefieldofInternationalBusinessManagement.Inaddition,completingtheThesisisanexcellentopportunityforyoutomakesignificantcontributiontoyourindustrysectorandstudyfield. TheThesisProjectcanbeviewedasagoodsourceofinnovationtocompaniesandalsoalegitimatewayforyoutobringyourinnovativeideastotheattentionofyourorganization.Thisisbecausetheresearchprojectcanhavethecapacitytomakepositivecontributionsonthecurrentissuesimpactingyourorganization’soperationsorfunctions.TheMaster’sThesisistodealwithapracticalinternationalbusinessmanagementproblemanditistobewrittenintheEnglishlanguage.TheThesisProjectisnotsolelyascientificorpracticalpieceofworkbutamixtureofthetwoanditmusthavepracticalvaluetoyourorganization.Inotherwords,itsapplicabilitymustbesufficient.
Also,asimplisticapproachofmerelyconductingamarketingresearchorbusinessanalysisforyourThesisresearchprojectisinadequateunlesstheresearchprojectcanprovideabasisforfurtheranalysisandsolidconclusionscanbedrawnfromit.Inaddition,descriptiveanalysesoforganizationalprocessesorexperiencesareequallyinsufficient.However,ananalysisthataddressesconceptsandtheoriesofinternationalbusinessmanagementandoffersinsightsandpracticalrelevancecanberegardedasacceptable.
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Figure 2. ElementsofMaster’sThesisinInternationalBusinessManagement
Research option with Development aspects
Developmental option with research aspects
Company Development Based Perspective
Research Based Perspectives
Figure3belowillustratesthetwopossibleapproachesyoucandrawoninyourMaster’sThesiswork.
Research Perspective
Subject Field: International
Business
Company Development
Student’s Competence Development
ThE MASTERS ThESIS
Figure 3.TwoApproachestoresearchprocess
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2 .3 Requirements
TheProgrammeDirectororthePrincipalLecturerarethepersonstocontacttomakesurethatyouhavedulyreachedthestageinyourstudiestoenableyoutostartyourThesiswork.TherequirementisthatyouhavecompletedallcompulsorystudiesasrequiredbythecurriculumoftheProgrammebeforethecommencementofyourThesiswork.TheseprerequisitesincludethecompletionofallResearchSchools(I–IV).
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3 PRePARInG to StARt tHe ReSeARCH PRoJeCt
Withthego-aheadapprovalfromtheProgrammeDirector,agoodwaytobeginistogetyourselfacquaintedwithhowtoconductanacademicresearch.Therefore,youaretotakeadvantageoftheresearchseminarsthatwillbeorganizedforyourgroupofstudents.Inaddition,youshouldkeepinmindthattheResearchSchoolsI–IVaredesignedtoprepareyoufortheresearchseminars.Inanysituationofdoubt,youareadvisedtoconsultyourtutororthecourseleaderforqueriesconcerningyourThesiswork.Readingextensivelyselectedliteratureonresearchmethodscanalsodothetrick.Theliteratureyouexposeyourselftowillgiveyouhelpfullistsofotherrelevantliteraturetodrawon.
Whenyouknowthefocusofyourresearchprojectorresearchtopic,youshouldalsoconsultyourProgrammeDirectororthecourseleaderforappointingasupervisortoyou.Seebelowformoreinformation.Eventhoughthechoiceofaresearchinterestisandwillremainyours,itisgoodtohaveasupervisorevenatanearlystageofestablishingyourresearchinterest.
3.1 Developmentprojectoptions–PurelyDevelopmentBasedThesisProject
Figure4illustratestheprocessoftheDevelopmentBasedThesisProjectoptionandthedifferentstagesinvolved.
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RePoRTInG
Reporting at each stages
Topic selection
Proof of concept /
Requirement Definition
Theoretical Considerations
Planning/ Design
Implementation
Testing
Adoption
Presentation of development project and
Maturity test
Figure 4. StagesofDevelopmentBasedThesisProject
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1. Topic selection – defining problem area
Inthetopicselectionstage,youaretogothroughthestepsaslistedanddiscussedincooperationwithyourorganizationrepresentativesandyoursupervisor.
1. Decideonthepartoftheorganization’soperationyouwishtofocusoninyourproject(afunctionalarea;adepartment).
2. Makethedecisionandwithyoursupervisor/tutor,pickanassessmentToolandcarryoutadetailedassessmentofyourorganization’soperationorSBU.
3. Discussyourfindingswithyoursupervisor/tutor.4. CarryoutaSWOTanalysis.5. Discusswithrepresentative/sofyourorganizationandyoursupervisor/tutorto
authenticatetheoutcomeoftheSWOTanalysis.6. Identifythedevelopmentoption/sorproblem/s.(Tobemadeincooperationwithyour
supervisor/tutorandorganizationrepresentatives.)7. Presenttheidentifieddevelopmentproblem/stoyourorganizationrepresentatives.8. Putthedevelopmentoptionsintopriorityorderwithyourorganizationrepresentatives.9. Identifyandselecttheareafordevelopmentandforfurtherspecificationandanalysis.Whenthetopicordevelopmentfocushasbeenestablished,shifttothefollowingstepintheprocess.
2. Proof of concept/Requirement definition
Theproofofconcept/requirementdefinitionstageisforidentificationandestablishingtheareafordevelopmentandforfurtherspecificationandanalysis,i.e.theproductconceptstobedeveloped.Further,thisstageentailsthespecificationanddefinitionoftheareafordevelopment,i.e.thedescriptionandspecificationoftheproductorserviceconcepts,includingdescriptionofproductorserviceattributes,andqualityconcept.
3. Theoretical considerations
Thetheoreticalconsiderationsstagesincorporatesidentifyingandselectingthetheoreticalpointofdeparture.
4. Planning/Design
Intheplanning/designstage,thetasksyouareengagedinareaslistedanddiscussedbelow.
1. Createdevelopmentplan:Businessplanforcreatinganewproductforexample.Youshouldformulateaverybasicdevelopmentplan;itshouldnotbeadetailedbusinessplan,butadevelopmentplanwitheachcategoryandsub-categoryclearlydefined.
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Thedevelopmentplanmustbeagreedonwithyourorganizationrepresentative.Thisshouldincludeanoutlineoftheneededinvestments,i.e.tangibleandintangibleinvestments,suchasconsultingandtrainings.Youalsodevisemanagementandorganizationplans,andstrategyandmarketingplans.
2. Prioritizedevelopmentactions.3. Compilealistofdevelopmentactionsforimplementedandconfirmationwithyour
organizationrepresentativestoseethatitsitswellwiththeorganization’sbusinesspriorities
4. Assesscompetenciesandresourcesneededtoimplementthedevelopmentactions,andfindoutwhethertheseexistinthecompany.
5. Implementation
Theimplementationstageinvolvestheexecutionofthedevelopmentactionsasfollows:
1. Monitortheoverallimplementationprocessandmakesureproblemsaresolvedforyourorganization.
2. Reportontheoverallimplementation.
5. Testing
Thetestingstagerequiresyoutodevisethetestingplanandcarryoutthetestingoftheproductorservice.
6. Adoption
Intheadoptionstagetheproductorserviceisputintouse.
7. Presentation of development project and maturity test
Thefinalstageoftheprocessincludescheckingthatallreportingphaseshavebeencompletedandtheworkhasbeencompiledintoafullmonographandsubmittedtotheappropriatepeople.Thefinalstagealsoincludesthepreparationandpresentationofyourfinaloutcomesandwritingthematuritytest.
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3.2 ResearchBasedoptionwithDevelopmentaspects
3.2.1ThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal
Typicallyeveryresearchbeginswitharesearchdescription.YourThesisProjectdescriptionisanexplanatoryaccountofwhatyouwanttodoinyourproposedresearchwork.Thedescriptiongivesdetailsofyourresearchinterestortopic,objective/s,thepointofviewfromwhichtheresearchwillbemade,thedataandmethodtobeapplied,thescopeoftheresearch,resultsexpectedandtimetable.Youmaywanttobeginwithapreliminaryresearchdescriptionandlatermatureittoafinalversion.Thispracticecanbegoodasitallowsyoutohaveaworkingdescriptionthatyoucanstartwithandwhichcanhelpyourresearchprocesstomoveforward.Atthisstage,youshouldalreadyhaveasupervisorasthiscouldbehelpfulintheprocessofcrystallizingyourresearchdescriptionprocess.ThediscussionbelowprovidesaviewofthecontentandstructureoftheexpectedProjectdescription.
1. Defining and Establishing a research interest or focus
Aswasstatedearlier,theMaster’sThesisProjectinInternationalBusinessManagementmustdealwithapracticalinternationalbusinessmanagementproblem.TheThesisProjectalsomusthaveapplicationvalueforthepurposesofyourorganization.Therefore,toguaranteeasufficientapplicabilityvaluethechoiceoftheresearchfocusmustbemadeinthisspirit.Also,itisadvisablethattheprocessforestablishingaresearchinterestorfocusshouldbemadeindirectconsultationwithyourorganization’srepresentativeotherthanyou.Forexample,thisrepresentativecanbeanappointedcompanyrepresentativewhowillactasthesecondsupervisor.Nevertheless,thefinalchoiceofresearchinterestisyourown.
Eventhoughtheresearchinterestiscleartoyou,itstillrequiredthattheinterestbeapproachedcritically.Thequestionssuchasfollowsaretobeaddressed:Whatisthesubjectarea?Whyshouldtherebeinterestinitinyourorganizationandinthisfield?Whatarethehottopicsorresearchgapsinthefield?Whyisthereneedforthisworkinyourorganization?
Youshouldreviewrelevantexistingliteratureonyourresearchareasorfieldstofindoutwhathasbeenresearchedpreviouslyandwhichproblemshavealreadybeencovered.Inaddition,itisimportanttolookintooraroundyourorganization.Inthecaseofcompetingresearchinterest,youwillhavetoestablishthesignificanceofeachresearchinterestbasedontheirimpactonyourorganizationandyourowncompetencedevelopment.Asthechoiceofresearchinterestisamongthemostcriticalaspectsofyourresearchprocess,theresearchinterestistobeapprovedbyyourthesissupervisor.Theapprovalbythesupervisordoes
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notmeanthatyouwouldberubbedofftherighttomakeyourowndecisionontheresearchinterest.Thedecisionstillremainsyoursand‘approval’meansthatthedecisionshouldbemadeunderthementorshipofanassignedsupervisorinordertomakesurethatthechosenresearchinterestisproperlydefined.
2. Methods
Themethodssectionnecessitatesthedescriptionofthedetailsoftheissuesaslistedbelow:
a. Conceptualandmethodologicalapproachb. Researchmethodology,answeringthefollowingquestions: Whataretheresearchmethodsandtechniquesproposedtobecarryoutthisresearch?Whyhavethesebeenselected?Whyaretheselectedmethodsthemostefficientinthissituation?
3. Data
Datacollectionandanalysisdescribesthefollowing:theplantocollectandanalysedata.Themoredetailedplanyouprovidehere,thebetteryourplanorproposalis.
4. Scope
Theresearchboundariesaredescribedhere.
5. Steps in the research process
Thedescriptionofthestepstobetakeninaccomplishingtheresearchworkisdetailedinthispartofyourdescription.
6. Expected research output
Theexpectedresearchoutputsectionofyourdescriptionaddressesthefollowingquestionsindetail:Whatistheexpectedoutputoftheresearch?Whatisthevalueandvalidityofyourresult/s?Whowillbenefitfromtheresult/s?Whatisthefinalproduct?
YouneedtobearinmindthatyourMaster’sThesisProjectistoproduceaproduct,e.g.areportoraplanforexampleforcreatinganewproductorserviceoracompanydevelopmentplan.
7. Timetable and resources needed
ForthissectionyoudetailtheresourcesnecessarytocarryoutyourProject.Itisimportanttomakesurethatallresourceallocationsareclearlymotivatedandrealistic.
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8. ReferencesThereferenceslistthesourcesthatyoudrawfromandliteratureandpreviousresearchthatyoudrawoninyourMaster’sThesisProject.
3.3 PresentationofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal
ThefinalProjectdescriptionwillhavetobepresentedinaresearchseminar.AdditionalinformationonthiswillbeprovidedbyyourappointedsupervisororbytheProgrammeDirector.(SeealsoinstructionsonresearchseminarinChapter4.)
3.3.1ApprovalofThesisProjectdescriptionorProjectproposal
Discussyourresearchdescriptionwithyourappointedsupervisorasyourfinalresearchdescriptionmustbeapprovedbeforeyoucancontinuewithimplementingyourresearchwork.
3.4 ThesisSupervisors
Upontheestablishmentofyourresearchinterestanditssubsequentapproval,appropriatesupervisorswillbeappointedforyourMaster’sThesisProject.OnewillbeanacademicstaffappointedbytheUniversity.Thesecondsupervisorwillcomefromyourownorganizationwheretheresearchisbeingsponsored.AnappointedmemberoftheorganizationwithexpertiseintheareasofyourresearchProjectwillactasthesecondsupervisor.ThetaskofthispersonistoassistyouwithintheorganizationandalsotoensurethatthepracticalrelevanceoftheThesisProjecttotheorganizationissafeguarded.
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4 WHAt IS A GooD MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt?
Thecompactlistbelow,partlydrawingfromGhauriandGronhaug(2002),isprovidedforyoutoshowwhichaspectsareemphasisedasthecoreaspectsofagoodMaster’sThesisProject .
1 . Research orientation2. Choiceofrelevantresearchtopic3. Integrationofscientificandpracticalorientations4. Explorativeanddescriptiveorientation5. Theoreticalknowledgeandconceptualthinkingability6. Criticalthinkingability7. Abilityandpreparednesstoquestionassumptionsnotobjectivelytested8. Relevanceandrelevantuseofmaterialsandliterature9.Workandprocessmanagement10. UseofEnglishlanguageforgoodreadabilityandlogicaltreatmentoftopic
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5 ReSeARCH SeMInAR PRoCeSS
Thefirstresearchseminarshallbeheldintheautumncontactsession.Thefirstseminarfocusesonyourpreparationandorientationtoresearchwork.Belowyouwillfindastep-by-stepdescriptionoftheMaster’sThesisseminarworkprocesstoensureyourgraduation.
1. Openingandinformationsessionconductedbythesupervisor/stolaunchthereportingprocessoftheMaster’sThesisProject,followedbydiscussionswiththesupervisor/sforinitiatingtheworkonthebasisoftheexistingProjectdescription/Projectproposalunderprocess.
2. ResearchseminarsessiontointroducetheProjectdescription/ProjectproposalfordiscussionandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudentsparticipatingintheseminarwork.
3. SeminarsessionwithafocusonResearchMethodstointroducetheresearchmethodsandthestep-by-stepprogressoftheThesisProjectfordiscussionandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents.
4. SteeringseminarsessionforassessingtheprogressoftheThesisProjectthroughaSWOTanalysis,forthefinalnarrowingdownoftheThesistopicandgoalsonthebasisofthefeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents.
5. SteeringseminarsessionwithafocusonreportingtheMaster’sThesisProjectinwriting.
6. TextseminarsessiontodiscussthewrittentextsunderthetutelageofanEnglishlanguageteacherafterthesupervisorhasgivenago-aheadinviewofthecontent oftheThesiswork.
7. PreliminaryreviewseminarsessiontointroducetheresultsoftheThesisProjectaidedbyaPPslideshowforreviewandfeedbackbythesupervisorandotherMasterstudents,followedbysubmissionoftheworkinthreecopiestothedepartmentofficeforpreliminaryreview.
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8. FinalpresentationseminarsessiontointroducethecompletedMaster’sThesisProjectaidedbyaPPslideshowforreviewandfeedbackbythesupervisor,otherMasterstudentsandotheraudience,includingthesubmissionofthesubsequentdocumentation(seminarcards,assessmentbythesponsor,self-assessment)tothesupervisor.
9. Maturitytestwrittenbythestudent.
10.Maturitytestassessedbythesupervisorandalanguageteacher.
11.SubmissionoftheMaster’sThesisworkinthreecopiestotheLibrary,andpaymentforbindingandcasing-inoftheMaster’sThesis.
12.Applicationforofficialgraduationsubmittedtothedepartmentofficebythestudent.
13.RegistrationofthegradeofthecompletedMaster’sThesisintheWinhastudentregisterbythesupervisor.
14.Officialacceptanceofthestudent’sgraduationbytheGraduationBoard.
15.OfficialgraduationceremonyatKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences,BusinessandCultureDepartment.
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6 MAtURItY teSt
AmaturitytestwrittenonMaster’sThesesatuniversitiesofappliedsciencesispartoftheMaster’sDegreestudies.AmaturitytestreceivingthePassgradeshowsyouracquaintanceandanin-depthknowledgeofthesubjectareacoveredinyourMaster’sThesisworkandproficiencyofthelanguageinwhichthetestiswritten.TheUniversitydecidesaboutthewritingofamaturitytestwhenthestudentisnotsubjecttothelanguageproficiencydefinedin8§,clause1intheDecreeonPolytechnics(TheCouncilofStateDecreeonPolytechnics15May,2003/352,clause3,DegreesreceivedfromPolytechnicsandthedegreecriteria[16June,2005/423],10§.)
IncompliancewiththeDecree,studentswritetheirmaturitytestsunderasupervisedexamsituation.Whenthestudent’smothertongueisFinnish,she/hewritesthematuritytestinFinnish,alsowhenshe/hestudiesinastudyprogrammeinstructedinalanguageotherthanFinnish.Whenthestudent’smothertongueisSwedish,she/hehastherighttowritethematuritytestinSwedish.ThestudentwhosemothertongueisotherthanFinnishorSwedishwritesthematuritytestinthelanguageinwhichshe/hewroteher/hisMaster’sThesis.
ThematuritytestiswrittenonlyaftertheMaster’sThesishasofficiallybeenaccepted.ThesupervisorassignsthestudentsthreethemesortopicsrelatedtotheirMaster’sThesisworkandthestudentswriteanessayononeofthetopics.Theextentofthematuritytestis1–2hand-writtenofficialexaminationpapers,whichare4-sidedpreprintedforms,withwritingineachline.Itisalsopossibletowordprocessthematuritytest.OtherformsofwritingamaturitytestonMaster’sThesesareacceptable,e.g.apressreleaseoranarticlepublishedinanewspaper,magazineortheorganization’snewsletter.
ThecontentofthematuritytestisreviewedandassessedbythesupervisoroftheMaster’sThesisworkandthelanguageisassessedbyalanguageteacherofFinnish,Swedish,orEnglish.ThematuritytestisgiventhegradeofPassedorFailed.Whenassessingthelanguageusedinthematuritytest,thefollowingcriteriaareapplied:
1. Generalstructure,andthecoherentandlogicalprogressoftheentiretext,includingclearparagraphing,andheadlining.
2. Intelligibilityofthematuritytestasanindependenttext,withinformedargumentationused,statementsmade,andjustificationgivenforthestatements.
3. Clarity,includingsentenceandclausestructures,theuseofprofessionalandfield-specifictermsandconcepts,andthechoiceofappropriatewords.
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4. Style,i.e.written,factual,matter-of-factstyle,andlanguage,includingcorrectness,spelling,andlayoutasassigned.
Ifthestudentreceivesafailedgrade,she/heisentitledtobeinformedoftheflawsanderrorsinthelinguisticexpressionofthematuritytest.
Studentswithdyslexiaaresubjecttothefollowing:
• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillbeaskedtosubmitacertificatewrittenbyaspecialistdoctororaspecialistteacherdetailingthenatureofher/hisdyslexia.
• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillbeallowedanextendedtimeforwritingorwordprocessingthematuritytest.
• Thestudentwithdyslexiawillhaveanopportunitytocomplementinspeakingher/hiswrittenmaturitytest.Ifthistakesplace,aremarkofthisismadeinthedegreecertificate.
Theinstructionsgivenabovearetobefollowedwhenwriting,readingandacceptingmaturitytestswrittenbyMasterstudents.
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7 eVALUAtIon oF MASteR’S tHeSIS PRoJeCt WoRK
Grading scaleGrading criteria
5Excellent
4Good
3Sufficient
2Insufficient
1Very poor Fail
1.Relevanceof thematerialsused
2.Originality of the ontents
3.Understanding ofthetask
4.Informedargumentation
5.Analytical Skills
6.WorkManagement
7.Practicalrelevanceof theproject
ThegeneralandassessmentciteriawiththefocusonthepracticalrelevanceoftheworkareillustratedinTable1below.Amoredetaileddescriptionofeachgradewillbefoundonpage25,initiatingwiththehighestpossiblegrade5andclosingwithFail.
Table 1. GradingscaleandgradingcriteriaofMaster’sThesis
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CRIteRIA InDICAtoRS
Grade 5
AdvancedunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicareathoroughlycoveredandresearchedClear,logical,andcohesivestructureestablishedExcellentlevelofanalyticalskillsdisplayedOriginalityandindividualthinkingexplicatedStrongengagementwithresearchmaterialdemonstratedExcellentcontrolofpresentationtime,delivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedApplicationoftheresearchoutcomesarestrongandleadtodevelopmentactionsinthestudent’sorganization
Grade 4
VerygoodunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedAllrelevanttopicscoveredThoroughknowledgeoftopicliteraturepresentedClear,logical,andcohesivestructureestablishedOriginalityandindividualthinkingexplicatedVerygoodcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicability/implementationoftheresearchoutcomesareverygood
Grade 3
GoodunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedEssentialtopicscoveredAspectsofindividualthinkingpresentedonlytoabasiclevelGoodcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesaresatisfactorilysufficient
26
Grade 2
SatisfactoryunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicspresentedlisted,citedorsummarizedSomepersonalinterpretationpresentedSometopicsareuncoveredSatisfactorycontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluestothestudent’sorganizationortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesareweak
Grade 1
WeakunderstandingofthetaskdemonstratedTopicspresentedlisted,citedorsummarizedSometopicsuncoveredPoorqualityofreferencesdisplayedBasicknowledgecoveredOnlyadegreeofeffortdemonstratedWeakcontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,andmannerofrepresentationrealizedPracticalvaluetothestudent’sorganizationislackingortheapplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomesarenonexistent
Fail
BasicknowledgeuncoveredTopicsuncoveredEvidentlackofeffortshownNocontrolofpresentationtimeanddelivery,ormannerofrepresentationApplicabilityoftheresearchoutcomescannotbeestablishedorarenonexistent.
Note:AFailcanonlybeadministeredwhenthetotalassignmentshowsthecriteriaofFail.TheconsequenceofaFAIListhatthereportmustbere-submittedagainafterconsiderablerepairsandimprovements.
27
8 MASteR’S tHeSIS RePoRt
8.1LayoutofMaster’sThesis
AMaster’s’sThesishastoincludeatitlepage,anabstract,atextpartandreferencesaccordingto the instructions .
Paper size, font size and type and spacing
• ThetextisprintedtoaA4sizepaperusing1.5spacing.• Thepagenumberisplacedontopinthemiddleofthepage.• Thepaginationisstartedonthecoverpageanditwillgoonconsecutivelyuntilthe
endofappendices.Thefirstpagenumberismarkedontheintroductionpage.Inaddition,theappendicesaretitledandnumberedseparatelyintherunningorder.
• Thetitleoftheappendixiswrittenontheleftsideoftheheaderandthenumberoftheappendix(e.g.Appendix1)ontherightsideoftheheader.
• ThefonttypeisTimesNewRomanandthesizeis12.• ThecoverpageofaMaster’sThesisisattached(Appendix1).• ThetableofcontentofaMaster’sThesisisattached.
Margins
• Thewidthoftheleftmarginis4cms.• Thewidthoftherightmarginis2cms.• Theheightofthetopandbottommarginsis2cms.
Headings and text paragraphs
• Textparagraphsareseparatedfromeachotherwithoneemptyline.• Twoemptylinesareleftabovetheheadingsandoneemptylineunderthem.• ThemainheadingsarewritteninCAPITALLETTERS(1MAINHEADING)and
thesubheadings(2.1Subheading)insmallletters.Ifthemainchapterhassub-chapters,therehastobeatleasttwosubchapters.Usuallytwochapterlevelssuffice.
• Themainchaptersstartonanewpage.• Therearetwodifferentoptionalwaysofwriting:
–Anintroductorytextofafewlinescanbewrittenbetweenthemainheadingsandsubheadingstoindicatethemaincontentsofthesubsequenttextinthechapter.
–Themainheadingsandsubheadingscanbewrittenwithoutanyintroductorytext.
Figures and tables
Nochapterisopenedwithafigureortable.Instead,theircontenthastobeexplainedand
28
interpretedfirstinwriting.Allfiguresandtablesareconsecutivelynumberedandgivenself-explanatorytitles.ThewordsFigureandTableareboldfaced,andtherearenofullstopsattheendoftitles.Titlesoftablesareplacedabovetables,whereastitlesoffiguresareplacedbelowfigures.
8 .2 Reference instructions
Ithastobeevidentinthetext,whichpartofitisthewriter’sowntextandwhichistextfromanothersourceregardlessofthefactwhetherthetextusedisadirectquotationorareference.Alsothepage/susedinthequotationhavetobeenteredintothereference.Thepreferablewayofquotingisarephrasedsummary,inwhichthewritersumstheessentialpointofthereferenceusedupandwritesitinhis/herownwords.Theuseofadirectquotationcanalsosometimesbewell-founded.Adirectquotationisaword-for-wordcitation,whichismarkedwithquotationmarks.Directquotationsofoverthreetype-writtenlineshavetobewrittenwithdenserspacing,indentedandmarkedwithreference.Inthiscasenoquotationmarksareneeded.Thesourcesusedhavetobemarkedbothintothetextandinthelistofreferences.ReferenceguidestothelistofreferencesorsourcesattheendoftheMaster’sThesis,wherethereaderwillgetmorespecificbibliographicalinformationonthesource.Therefore,therehastobeacompletecorrespondencebetweenthereferenceandthelistofreferencesorsources.Onlytheliteraturethatactuallyhasbeenusedinthethesisandtowhichtherearereferencesinthetextwillbeenteredintothelist.AspecimenlistofreferencesisinAppendix3.Thename-yearsystemisusedwhenmarkingthereferences(Appendix2).
8.3Abstract(TheregulationabidesbythestandardSFS3855)
Theabstractcomprisesthefollowinginformation:Writer’ssurname,Writer’sforename.Year.Nameofthethesis.Master’sThesis.Kemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.BusinessandCulture.Pages99.Appendices1–3.Thenumberofpagesandappendicesvaries.NextthecontentoftheMaster’sthesiswillbewrittensothattheproblem,goalorfunction,method,resultsandconclusionsoftheworkcanbeclearlyseen.Thechapters,picturesorappendicesoftheactualreportarenottobereferredtointheabstracttext.Thetextwillhavetobeunderstoodindependently.ThetextiswrittenononeA4-sizedpageusingdivisionintoparagraphs.
Keywords:OnthebasisofthecontentoftheMaster’sThesis,3–7keywordswillbewritten.Thewordsareseparatedfromeachotherbycommas.
29
ReCoMMenDeD ReADInGS
Printed
Ghauri,PervezandGronhaug,Kjell2002.ResearchMethodsinBusinessStudies:APracticalGuide,PrenticeHall.
Gummerson,E2000.QualitativeMethodsinManagementResearch.Seconded.Sage,ThousandOaks,CA.
Meriläinen,Juha:Opinnäytetyöt,Kevät2009.Tietojenkäsittelynkoulutusohjelma,Kemi-Tornionammattikorkeakoulu.
Nokso-Koivisto,Pekka&Pikkarainen,Eero2007.Opinnäytetyö/Kehittämistehtävä.KajaaninAmmattikorkeakoulu.
Reading2.5:Criticalthinking:whatitisandwhyitcountshttp://www.austhink.org/critical/ThesisProcess.Supervisor’sguide.SavoniaBusinessSchool,SavoniaUniversityofApplied
Sciences,Kuopio.12.6.2006.TheUniversityofMichigan2005.PolicyandguidelinesforwritinganUrban+regional
PlanningThesisorprofessionalproject.Viinamäki,Leena2008.OpinnäytetyöopasSosiaalialankoulutusohjelma.Kemi-Tornion
ammattikorkeakoulunjulkaisuja.SarjaC.Opetusmateriaalit1/2008.
Electronic
Austhink2007.Reading2.5:Criticalthinking:whatitisandwhyitcounts.Lastupdated06Dec2007.<http://www.austhink.org/critical/>
30
APPenDIx 1
31
ReFeRenCeS
ThefollowinginstructionsarepremisedonthesourcebooksHirsjärvi,Sirkka&Remes,Pirkko&Sajavaara,Paula2001.Tutkijakirjoita;Repo,Irma&Nuutinen,Tahvo2003.ViestintätaitoandthelayoutinstructionsbythelibraryandinformationservicesoftheKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences.Ifthereferenceisfocusedononesummarizedsentence,thereferenceisplacedinsidethesentence in question .
• Theuseofthesedevicescanbeanindicationofwriters’wishtoappearasindividualsinatechnologythatsupportsacertainamountofanonymityandsameness(Nantz&Drexel1995,46–47).
Ifthereferenceisfocusedonmorethanonesummarizedsentence,thereferenceisconsideredasanindependentsentence,whichstartswithacapitalinitialletterandendswithafullstop,whichisplacedinsidetheparenthesis.
• Face-saving,face-threatandsupportmayhavedifferentmeaningsforculturallydifferentgroupsofpeople.Restoringequilibriumcanonlybedoneinamannerappropriatetothecultureofthegroupofpeople.(Holmes1990,161.)
Iftheauthorismentionedalreadyinthetext,onlytheyearandpage/sarewritteninsidetheparentheses.
• Gains(1999,92)suggeststhatthemediumofemailisacommunicativeoffshootofconversationandemaillanguagehasconversationalfeaturesinit.
Iftherearetwoauthors,bothofthemarementionedinthetextandinthereferencebyusingan&-sign.
• IntheirnormativeguidebookontheuseofemailinbusinesscommunicationAngelandHeslop(1994,3)urgeemailwriterstoforgetabouttherulesandnormsofthetraditionalbusinesscommunication.
• Theyencouragewriterstousemoreinformalstyleinordernottolosethedynam-ismofthenewcommunicationmedia.(Angel&Heslop1994,3.)
Iftherearethreeormoreauthors,allthenamesarelistedbyusingan&-signwhilementioningthereferenceforthefirsttime.Allthenamesareconjugatedwhenneeded.Whenreferringtosuchareferencelateron,itissufficienttowritetheabbreviationetal.afterthefirstname.
• HannuLatomaa,HeikkiPavasandTarjaKemppainen(1992,13)statethattheintroductionpresentstheparticularsofthesourcesanddata.
• Theintroductiondetailsthesourcesanddataandexplainshowthesourcesareused(Latomaa&Pavas&Kemppainen1992,13).
nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 1(5)
32
Thepublicationsareplacedinchronologicalorderandtheyearsareseparatedfromeachotherbyasemicolon.Ifoneauthorhasseveralpublicationsofthesameyear,thepublicationsareplacedinalphabeticalorderbytheirnamesandtheyearsaremarkedaccordinglywithsmalllettersa,b,cetc.
• TheuseoftechnologyinbusinesscommunicationhasbeenstudiedbyLouhiala-Salminen(1995;1999;2001;2005).
• Bargiela-Chiappini’s(1999a;1999b)reasearchfocusesoninterculturalbusinessinteraction.
Ifthereisareferencetothesourcesfromdifferentauthorsinthesameparentheses,thereferencesareplacedinchronologicalorderfromtheoldesttothelatest.Thepublicat-ionsareseparatedfromeachotherbyasemicolon.Iftheorderofimportanceofthesourcesissignificant,firstthemainsourceismentioned,afterwhichasourcelessimportantbutworthmentioningismarkedafterasemicolonwithdenotationSeealsoorSeefurther.
• Kankaanranta(2005;seealsoGains1999)hasstudiedrequestingbehaviourinbusinesscontexts.
Thereferencehastoexplicateasecondarysource.Onlyforaspecific,well-foundedreasonasecondarysourcecanbeusedinareferenceinauniversity-leveltext.Inthatcaseboththesecondaryandprimarysourcehastobementioned.Onlythosesecondarysourcesareenteredintothelistofsources,whichthewriterhasprimarilygotfamiliarwith.
• VandeKopple’s(1985;1988)classificationsystemhasbeenproductiveandithasbeenusedbyotherscientisttocreatenewsubcategoriesbycollapsing,separatingandreorganizinghisclassificationsystem(Crismore&Markkanen&Steffensen1993,55).
Iftheauthorofthepublicationusedasasourceisunknown,thename,yearandpagenumberofthepublicationisusedinthetextasareferenceorthefirst2–3wordsofthenameofthepublicationarementionedandthewordswillthenidenticallystartthecorrespondingplaceinthelistofsources.Thenameoftheauthorisreplacedinthetextandlistofsourcese.g.bythenameofanewpaperarticlebyanunknownauthor.Refer-encestolaws,acts,decrees,statutesandcommitteereportshavetobemarkedthesameway.
• AccordingtotheReport,thecompany’sinternalcommunicationneededimprove-mentanddevelopmenttoenableprofitablegrowthinthecompany(OCDPFinalReport1999,15).
Ifapersonalinformationsourcesuchasaletter,atelephoneconversation,ane-mailmessage,alectureoradiscussionhasbeenutilisedasasource,thenthereferencewillbemarkedasfollows:
• Additionalemphasisneedstobeplacedontheimplicationsofthenewtechnologyfortherequirementsoflearningmaterials(Ventola2005).
Ifthereferenceisaudiovisualmaterialorelectronicmediasuchasfilms,televisionprogrammes,cassettes,records,Internetmaterial,CD-ROMmaterialorcomputerprograms,themostaccurateprinciplesaspossibleformarkingreferencesinthetextareused:
nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 2(5)
33
• Internetsource:Theconversationalnatureofleadershipandmanagementshouldbeplacedmoreemphasisoninbusinessstudiestoday(Sieler1998).NB!NoInternetaddressesarewrittenintothereference.Theyarewrittenintothelistofsources.
• E-mailsource:TheinstructionsconcerningthelayoutoftheBachelor’sThesisarebasedontheguidelinessubmittedbytheLibraryServicesofKemi-TornioUniversityofAppliedSciences(Kangas2002).NB!Noe-mailaddressesarewrittenintothereference.Theyarewrittenintothelistofsources.
ReFeRenCe SoURCeS
Allthereferencesinthetextarelistedalphabeticallyinthelistofsources.Thesourcesareenteredintothelistprimarilybythesurname/softheauthor/s.Ifanauthorhasseveralpublications,theyareenteredchronologicallybythepublicationyear.Ifanauthorhaspublishedseveralpublicationsduringthesameyear,theyareseparatedfromeachotherbyaddinga,b,cetc.aftertheyear.
BOOKS:author’ssurname+author’sforename(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthebook+edition(ifmorethanone)+publisher+publisher’sdomicile.
• Crystal,David2001.LanguageandtheInternet.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge.
Iftherearetwoormoreauthors,theirnamesarelinkedwithan&-sign.• Holloway,Wendy&Jefferson,Tony2000.DoingQualitativeResearchDifferent-ly:FreeAssociation,NarrativeandtheInterviewMethod.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA.
Ifthebookhasaneditor,buttherearenoarticlesbynamedauthorsinthebook,theabbreviation(ed.)isindicatedasfollows:
• vanDijk,Teun(ed.)1997.DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.
Aresearchreporteditedbyoneeditoralsoshowstheabbreviation(ed.)asfollows:• Ilmonen,Kai(ed.)2000.Sosiaalinenpääomajaluottamus.SoPhi42,Jyväskylä.
Ifaneditedbookhaschapterswrittenbynamedauthors,thereferenceiswrittenbythenameoftheauthor,notbythenameoftheeditor/s.Theabbreviation(ed.)isusedasbelow.Thenumberofpagesofthewholearticlearewrittenlast.
• Drew,Paul&Sorjonen,Marja-Leena1997.InstitutionalDialogue.InT.vanDijk(ed.)DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.92–118.
Aseparatesourceiswrittenoutofthecompilationwhenneeded.
nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 3(5)
34
Ifthebookhasnonamedindividualauthor,thenameisreplacedbythenameofthebookorthecollectiveauthor.Itisenteredintothelistofsourcesaccordingtothealpha-beticalorder.Inthetextthereferenceismarkedbywritingthethreefirstwordsandtheyearofthesource.
• Murrosvaiheenvalinnat1993.Työhallinnonstrategisetlinjaukset1990-luvuntyö-politiikassa.PublicationoftheLabourAdministration36.MinistryofLabour,Helsinki.(Thereporthasnonamedindividualauthors.)
• Valtiovarainministeriö1998.Tuottavuudellatulevaisuuteen.Julkistenpalvelujenlaatustrategia-project,4.AssociationofFinnishLocalandRegionalAuthorities,Helsinki.(Collectiveauthor)
NEWSPAPERS:surnameofthewriterofthearticle+forenameofthewriterofthearticle(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthearticle+issuedate+codeofthenewspapersection+pagenumber/s.
• Zachary,David1994.It’samailthing.ElectronicmessaginggetsaratingEX.TheWallStreetJournal75,June22.
• Gronow,Kira2004.Sydämiä,siirappia,romantiikkaa!Neljäkeski-ikäistämiestäpuhuuhempeitäsanojarakkaudesta.HelsinginSanomat13.2.2004,Nyt-weeklyappendix8–11.
Ifthewriterhasnotbeenmentioned,thereferenceisindicatedasfollows:• Yksityishenkilöidenkonkurssitlisääntyneet1996.IsoSavo12.1.1996,7.
MAGAZINES:surnameofthewriterofthearticle+forenameofthewriterofthearticle(oritsinitialletter)+publicationyear+titleofthearticle+nameofthemagazine+annualvolume+number+thepagerangeofthewholearticle
• Haavio-Mannila,Elina1982.Työnlaatujatyöpaikkarakkaudet.Sosiologia19(4),225–236.
LAWSandACTS:nameoftheact+promulgationdateoftheact+numberofthecodeofstatutes .
• ComprehensiveSchoolAct1983.27.5.1983/476.
UNPRINTEDSOURCES(BACHELOR’STHESES):writer+year+title+publicationchannel.
• Hyväri,Susanna1991.YKSIN,KAKSINJAYHDESSÄ–Naistenjamiestentyöhö-nhakeutuminenjamuuttokahteenyhdyskuntaan.UniversityofTampere,Depart-mentofSociologyandSocialPsychology.Licentiatework.
INTERVIEW,E-MAILSOURCEETC.:interviewee’ssurname+interviewee’sfore-name+year+interviewee’spost+interviewee’sworkplace+dateofinterview.
• Viljanen,Sakari1998.ProductManager,DigitalEquipmentCorporationOy,Helsinki,1.6.1998.
• e-mailsource:sender+year+subject+date.– Kangas,Elina2002.Henkilökohtainentiedonantotiimipostinsulkemisajasta.
11 .10 .2002 .
nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 4(5)
35
AUDIOVISUALMATERIALANDELECTRONICMEDIA(films,televisionprogrammes,cassettes,records,Internetmaterial,CD-ROMmaterialandcomputerprograms:
• Internetsource:writer+year+title+printdate+webaddress.ItisgoodtoprintInternetsources,becauseduetotheircharactertheycanbeeditedinrealtimeorevenremovedfromtheweb.
–Järvinen,Taru2000.Alueellisenkehittyneisyydenjamuuttoliikkeenvälinenproblematiikka.Readorprinted8.2.2003.<http://www.utu.fi/erill/instmigr/art/jarvinen.htm>
nAMe-YeAR SYSteM APPenDIx 2 5(5)
36
PrintedAirola,Anneli2000.TowardsInternationalization.EnglishOralProficiencyinBBAStudies
atNorthKareliaPolytechnic.PublicationsinEducationN:o55.Univers-ityofJoensuu,Joensuu .
Bargiela-Chiappini,Francesca&Bülow-Møller,AnneMarie&Nickerson,Catherine&Poncini,Gina&Zhu,Yang2003.FiveperspectivesonInterculturalCommunicat-ion.BusinessCommunicationQuarterly66(3).73–96.
Crystal,David2001.LanguageandtheInternet.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge.Drew,Paul&Sorjonen,Marja-Leena1997.InstitutionalDialogue.InT.vanDijk(ed.)
DiscourseasSocialInteraction.SAGE,London.92–118.Harding,Rebecca2006.GlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor.UKNationalReportfor2005.
LondonBusinessSchool,London.Holden,Nigel2002.Cross-culturalManagement.AKnowledgeManagementPerspect-ive.
PrenticeHall,London.Holloway,Wendy&Jefferson,Tony2000.DoingQualitativeResearchDifferently:Free
Association,NarrativeandtheInterviewMethod.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA .
Iedema,Rick&Scheeres,Helene2003.FromDoingWorktoTalkingWork:Re-negotiatingKnowing,DoingandIdentity.AppliedLinguistics24(3).316–337.
Juholin,Elisa1999.ParadiseLostorRegained?TheMeaningsandPerceptionsofOrganisationalCommunicationsof1990’sinFinnishWorkOrganisations.Infor-viestintäOy,Helsinki.
Patton,MichaleQuinn2002.QualitativeResearch&EvaluationMethods.SAGEPublications,ThousandOaks,CA.
Poncini,Gina2002.Businessrelationshipsandrolesinamulticulturalgroup:AninvestigationofdiscourseatanItaliancompany’smeetingsofitsinternationaldistributors.UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham.
Rhodes,Cecilia&Scheeres,Helene2004.Developingpeopleinorganizations:working(on)identity.StudiesinContinuingEducation26(2).175–193.
Tucker,Robert2002.DrivingGrowththroughInnovation:HowLeadingFirmsAreTransformingTheirFutures.Berrett-Koehler,SanFrancisco,CA.
Vaara,Eero2002.ConstructionsofCulturalDifferencesinPostmergerChangeProcess-es:ASensemakingPerspectiveonFinnish-SwedishCases.M@[email protected]–110.
REFERENCES–ASPECIMEN APPENDIx3 1(2)
37
Not printedOCDPFinalReport:ProfitableGrowththroughBetterCommunications.FinalReportof
InterculturalCorporateTrainingProgram1999.Sieler,Alan1998.TheConversationalNatureofLeadershipandManagement.New-field
AustraliaPtyLtd.DownloadedinNovember2003.<http://www.newfieldaus.com.au/Articles/Conversational_Nature.htm>
Skyrme,David2002.The3CsofKnowledgeSharing:Culture,Co-opetitionandCommitment.EntovationInternationalNews.DownloadedinSeptember2003.<http://www.skyrme.com/updates/u64_f1.htm>
Ventola,Eija2005.NewChallengesforEnglishLanguageTeachingMaterialsandtheClassroom.ApaperpresentedattheBALEAP/SATEFLConference,April2005,HeriotWattUniversity,Edinburgh,Scotland.DownloadedinOctober2005.<http//www.satefl.org.uk/newapproaches/abstracts.html>
ReFeRenCeS APPenDIx 3 2(2)
38
APPenDIx 4
39
40
41