Green Hotel Concepts September 2010

Our Offices

Our Services

Benchmarking

Benchmarking & Monitoring

How much energy do hotels use?

• Hard to benchmark• Different metrics

– Guestnights– Area

• Serviced Area• Gross Internal Area

(or Built Up Area)• Total Area

(including balconies)

• Big variance– Star Rating– Climate– Metrics used

5 Star hotels & resorts in Abu Dhabi

Source: Energy Benchmarking study for Abu Dhabi Hotel Sector by Elie Gerges El Choufani (2010). Sponsored by Cundall.

Excludes corridors, plant rooms, etc

4-5 stars280 to 320kWh/m2

3 stars260 to 280kWh/m2

2 stars240 to 270kWh/m2

Energy (kWh / m2 of serviced space)

Serviced Area = 300 kWh/m2

Gross Int Area = 275 kWh/m2

www.benchmarkhotel.com

Hotel Energy - UK

• UK Display Energy Certificate– 105kWh/m2 – electricity– 330kWh/m2 – gas– 435kWh/m2 – TYPICAL

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4 star, Bristol 4 star, London 3 star, Manchester 4 star, Sheffield

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m2

-GIA

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Elec Gas Area

4 hotels in 2008 DEC database of 28,000 buildings

Green Guidelines for Hotels

Cundall Role: • Green Building Guidelines

for Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) for their new and existing hotels.

• Our initial focus will be in the areas of water, energy and waste reduction for the existing 113 hotels in Abu Dhabi.

5 star hotels in Abu Dhabi

= 567 per m2 of net lettable area

Gross Internal Area

Hotel Energy - Asia

HVAC54%Lighting

19%

Lifts and Escalators

8%

Others19%

Typical Electricity Use in Hong Kong Hotels

Water (m3 per guest night)

Waste (kg per guest night)

Reducing Energy & Carbon

Reducing energy in hotels

• People using buildings use energy– Expectations– Behaviour

• Passive design• Where is energy consumed?

– Light

– Equipment

– Air

– Cooling

– Heating – space & water

• Renewables

Steps to low carbon design

Design Criteria & Expectations

Passive Design

Internal Loads

Energy Efficiency

Heat Recovery

On-site renewables

Off site

Comfort criteria, lighting levels,fresh air quantity, shower flows

Form: daylight & natural ventilationFabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass

Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)Controls – turn off

Heating, cooling & ventilation systemsControl strategy

Air to air, waste heat from chillersAquifer Thermal Storage

biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydroGas CHP, geothermal

Invest in off site renewables

Red

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ergy

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Thermal Comfort is 21 to 24ºC ?

© CJP 2005

Activity: Strenuous Sitting Radiant Temp: Direct Sun Shade Clothing: Warm clothing Light Clothing Air Speed: Still Air Pleasant breeze

Air Temperature & Humidity – only part of the issue

Comfort criteria = natural ventilation or air conditioning!

Facade influences energy

PassivHaus – minimise heating

• Thermos Flask Building– Super insulation– Airtight

• Winter heating– Mechanical vent with heat

recovery– Tiny heating system

• Summer cooling– Open the windows

• Expensive but effective

PassivHausUwindows = 0.8Uwalls = 0.1Uroof = 0.1Permeability = 0.05ach

Secure Natural Ventilation

Example window system – Scandic Hotel, Sweden

Double Glazing withInterstitial blind. Window is openable.

Ventilation panel allows secure, bug free ventilation.

High Tech Cooling: Ceiling Fans?

Green Hotel Concept

Hotel Room Concept

Low Energy: Comfort + Air Quality100% outside air heat recovery unit with heating coilNo mechanical coolingThermal mass to moderate temperaturesCeiling fan for improved summer comfort

Passive DesignShading to suit orientation

Openable window

Highly insulated & sealed facade• Uwalls = 0.22• Uwindow = 1.8• Air Tightness = 4m3/hr

Variation (modular bathroom pod)

BATHROOM POD

Fan & HEX

Bathroom Exhaust

Supply Air & Heating

Toilet Exhaust Riser

Fresh Air Supply

Heating Coil

RISE

R

Sewage

Heated Towel

Rail

Heating Hot WaterDomestic Hot Water

Potable Water

Electrical SupplyData

Comms

CORRIDOR BEDROOM

Control Panel on face of pod

Skirting ConduitLight, Power & Comms

Ceiling ConduitLight, Ceiling

Fan & Fire

All Connections to POD (corridor, riser & room) are plug in

Heating Hot Water circuit could supply chilled water for cooling.

Fresh Air Supply could be tempered in peak summer conditions

LEDs are improving

LED linear replacement lamps available today do not compete with linear T8 fluorescent lamps on the basis of light output, colour quality, distribution, lumen maintenance, or cost-effectiveness. Source: US Dept of Energy (2010)

Which controls would you prefer?

Simple? Complicated?

OFF

Heating

Fresh Air Only

Warmer

Cooler

Cooling

Reduce hot water use

Hot water = 25%+ of hotel energy consumption

Reduce water use:•8l/min showers•4l/min taps

Hoxton Hotel, London

Interesting towel sign

(heavy) rain shower

Guest education is important

Notice in bedroom – Scandic Hotel, Sweden

Renewables

Renewable Heat

Solar Hot Water BiomassBoiler

Heat Pump(air or ground source)

Solar Hot Water

Hampton by Hilton, Brasov

Vatra Dornei Hotel

Ground Source Heat Pump plus Biomass Boiler (+ Solar Thermal for DHW & swimming pool)

Renewable Electricity

PhotovoltaicPanels

WindTurbines

Biofuel Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Steps to low carbon design

Design Criteria & Expectations

Passive Design

Internal Loads

Energy Efficiency

Heat Recovery

On-site renewables

Off site

Comfort criteria, lighting levels,fresh air quantity, shower flows

Form: daylight & natural ventilationFabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass

Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)Controls – turn off

Heating, cooling & ventilation systemsControl strategy

Air to air, waste heat from chillersAquifer Thermal Storage

biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydroGas CHP, geothermal

Invest in off site renewables

Red

ucin

g en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

nR

enew

able

s

18-20 Louis BlancGround FloorSector 1, 011752BucharestTel. +40 21 208 02 30

Str. I.P Voitesti nr 1-3/ 54400153 Cluj NapocaTel. +40 264534240

David Clark d.clark@cundall.com