Green Hotel Concepts September 2010. Our Offices.
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Transcript of Green Hotel Concepts September 2010. Our Offices.
Green Hotel Concepts September 2010
Our Offices
Our Services
Benchmarking
Benchmarking & Monitoring
How much energy do hotels use?
• Hard to benchmark• Different metrics
– Guestnights– Area
• Serviced Area• Gross Internal Area
(or Built Up Area)• Total Area
(including balconies)
• Big variance– Star Rating– Climate– Metrics used
5 Star hotels & resorts in Abu Dhabi
Source: Energy Benchmarking study for Abu Dhabi Hotel Sector by Elie Gerges El Choufani (2010). Sponsored by Cundall.
Excludes corridors, plant rooms, etc
4-5 stars280 to 320kWh/m2
3 stars260 to 280kWh/m2
2 stars240 to 270kWh/m2
Energy (kWh / m2 of serviced space)
Serviced Area = 300 kWh/m2
Gross Int Area = 275 kWh/m2
www.benchmarkhotel.com
Hotel Energy - UK
• UK Display Energy Certificate– 105kWh/m2 – electricity– 330kWh/m2 – gas– 435kWh/m2 – TYPICAL
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4 star, Bristol 4 star, London 3 star, Manchester 4 star, Sheffield
Gro
ss In
tern
al A
rea
(m2)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpti
on (
kWh/
m2
-GIA
)
Elec Gas Area
4 hotels in 2008 DEC database of 28,000 buildings
Green Guidelines for Hotels
Cundall Role: • Green Building Guidelines
for Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) for their new and existing hotels.
• Our initial focus will be in the areas of water, energy and waste reduction for the existing 113 hotels in Abu Dhabi.
5 star hotels in Abu Dhabi
= 567 per m2 of net lettable area
Gross Internal Area
Hotel Energy - Asia
HVAC54%Lighting
19%
Lifts and Escalators
8%
Others19%
Typical Electricity Use in Hong Kong Hotels
Water (m3 per guest night)
Waste (kg per guest night)
Reducing Energy & Carbon
Reducing energy in hotels
• People using buildings use energy– Expectations– Behaviour
• Passive design• Where is energy consumed?
– Light
– Equipment
– Air
– Cooling
– Heating – space & water
• Renewables
Steps to low carbon design
Design Criteria & Expectations
Passive Design
Internal Loads
Energy Efficiency
Heat Recovery
On-site renewables
Off site
Comfort criteria, lighting levels,fresh air quantity, shower flows
Form: daylight & natural ventilationFabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass
Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)Controls – turn off
Heating, cooling & ventilation systemsControl strategy
Air to air, waste heat from chillersAquifer Thermal Storage
biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydroGas CHP, geothermal
Invest in off site renewables
Red
ucin
g en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
nR
enew
able
s
Thermal Comfort is 21 to 24ºC ?
© CJP 2005
Activity: Strenuous Sitting Radiant Temp: Direct Sun Shade Clothing: Warm clothing Light Clothing Air Speed: Still Air Pleasant breeze
Air Temperature & Humidity – only part of the issue
Comfort criteria = natural ventilation or air conditioning!
Facade influences energy
PassivHaus – minimise heating
• Thermos Flask Building– Super insulation– Airtight
• Winter heating– Mechanical vent with heat
recovery– Tiny heating system
• Summer cooling– Open the windows
• Expensive but effective
PassivHausUwindows = 0.8Uwalls = 0.1Uroof = 0.1Permeability = 0.05ach
Secure Natural Ventilation
Example window system – Scandic Hotel, Sweden
Double Glazing withInterstitial blind. Window is openable.
Ventilation panel allows secure, bug free ventilation.
High Tech Cooling: Ceiling Fans?
Green Hotel Concept
Hotel Room Concept
Low Energy: Comfort + Air Quality100% outside air heat recovery unit with heating coilNo mechanical coolingThermal mass to moderate temperaturesCeiling fan for improved summer comfort
Passive DesignShading to suit orientation
Openable window
Highly insulated & sealed facade• Uwalls = 0.22• Uwindow = 1.8• Air Tightness = 4m3/hr
Variation (modular bathroom pod)
BATHROOM POD
Fan & HEX
Bathroom Exhaust
Supply Air & Heating
Toilet Exhaust Riser
Fresh Air Supply
Heating Coil
RISE
R
Sewage
Heated Towel
Rail
Heating Hot WaterDomestic Hot Water
Potable Water
Electrical SupplyData
Comms
CORRIDOR BEDROOM
Control Panel on face of pod
Skirting ConduitLight, Power & Comms
Ceiling ConduitLight, Ceiling
Fan & Fire
All Connections to POD (corridor, riser & room) are plug in
Heating Hot Water circuit could supply chilled water for cooling.
Fresh Air Supply could be tempered in peak summer conditions
LEDs are improving
LED linear replacement lamps available today do not compete with linear T8 fluorescent lamps on the basis of light output, colour quality, distribution, lumen maintenance, or cost-effectiveness. Source: US Dept of Energy (2010)
Which controls would you prefer?
Simple? Complicated?
OFF
Heating
Fresh Air Only
Warmer
Cooler
Cooling
Reduce hot water use
Hot water = 25%+ of hotel energy consumption
Reduce water use:•8l/min showers•4l/min taps
Hoxton Hotel, London
Interesting towel sign
(heavy) rain shower
Guest education is important
Notice in bedroom – Scandic Hotel, Sweden
Renewables
Renewable Heat
Solar Hot Water BiomassBoiler
Heat Pump(air or ground source)
Solar Hot Water
Hampton by Hilton, Brasov
Vatra Dornei Hotel
Ground Source Heat Pump plus Biomass Boiler (+ Solar Thermal for DHW & swimming pool)
Renewable Electricity
PhotovoltaicPanels
WindTurbines
Biofuel Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
Steps to low carbon design
Design Criteria & Expectations
Passive Design
Internal Loads
Energy Efficiency
Heat Recovery
On-site renewables
Off site
Comfort criteria, lighting levels,fresh air quantity, shower flows
Form: daylight & natural ventilationFabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass
Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)Controls – turn off
Heating, cooling & ventilation systemsControl strategy
Air to air, waste heat from chillersAquifer Thermal Storage
biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydroGas CHP, geothermal
Invest in off site renewables
Red
ucin
g en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
nR
enew
able
s
18-20 Louis BlancGround FloorSector 1, 011752BucharestTel. +40 21 208 02 30
Str. I.P Voitesti nr 1-3/ 54400153 Cluj NapocaTel. +40 264534240
David Clark [email protected]