Greek Art and Architecture

World HistoryLibertyville High School - 2010

Greek Sculpture

Periods of Greek Art

Archaic (1000 to480 BC)

Classical (480 to 336

Hellenistic (336 BCForward)

Archaic Period

Characteristics

Stiff, formal poses

Lack of facial expression

Classical Period

Workshop of Phideas

Tools fromWorkshopOf Phideas

• Greatest sculptor = Phideas, an Athenian• Worked with wood, gold, ivory and

bronze• 1958: at workshop, found cup

engraved With “I am the property of Phideas”

Famous Classical Sculptures

Venus de Milo “Faun” of PraxitelesHermes and DionysusCharacteristics: subjects were gods / goddesses; more relaxed poses; more realistic nudes

Parthenon Sculptures

Phideas’ students sculpted marble statues, decorations after his death

Considered world’s greatest ex. of memorial sculpture

Currently located in British Museum, displayed as “Elgin Marbles” (stolen in 1816 while ambassador to Ottoman Empire)

Artists’ rendition, interior of Parthenon

Hellenistic Period

Dying Gaul

LaocoonCharacteristics: pinnacle of Greek realism;Human (not gods) were focus; vivid scenes;drama, emotion ++

Hellenistic Period

Winged Victory (Nike)

The Discus Thrower

Fate of Greek Sculptures Few survived the

ages Bronze sculptures

melted down for their metal

4th, 5th C. Christians believed destroying pagan statues was act of faith, piety

Burning marble produced lime, used during sieges

Greek Architecture

Architecture Archaic architecture (1200-700 BC)

Built of wood, mud or brick Nothing left except foundations By 700 BC, populations large enough to

support public buildings Granite & marble used for temples

Classical Architecture

Doric Column

Ionian ColumnCorinthian

Column

Classical Architecture - Doric Earliest style

Formal, austere Spread from

Greece to Italy Style

Columns tapered No base to

column Plain tops

Classical Architecture - Ionian

More relaxed style

Developed in E. Greece, colonies of Asia Minor

Dominated Hellenistic period

Style Straight,

thin column Column had

• Standard to have 24

Flutes (grooves) in each column• Two curls to

either side of top

Classical Architecture - Corinthian

Developed by Romans

Style Much more

ornamental tops (leaves, vines)

Ionian curls present

Flutes also present

Famous Greek Buildings

Lighthouse at Alexandria 100-150 m tall; fire by

night, mirrors by day Earthquake, 14th C AD

Colossus at Rhodes• At mouth of harbor• Stood for 54 years before

earthquake knocked it down

Famous Greek BuildingsStatue of Zeus at

Olympus Earthquake destroyed

temple Statue taken to

Constantinople Burned in riot

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus• Built high in mountains w/

temple rising into clouds• 425 feet long, 225 feet wide• 127 columns, 60 feet tall• Destroyed in 262 AD by

invading Goths

Parthenon• Built over older temple,

around 480 BC (original destroyed when Persians occupied Athens)

• Built from 447 to 431 BC• Constructed from limestone,

marble• Considered the finest

example of Doric architecture in its day

• Turned into a Christian church in 6th C. AD

• Then turned into a mosque in early 1460s

• Destroyed in 1687 during siege

Parthenon (Athens)

Destruction of Parthenon, 1687 (newspaper sketch, 19th C.)

Greek Art and Architecture

Documents

Transcript of Greek Art and Architecture

Greek Architecture and Art

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