Mi Libro de la Gramática

Emilia Stuchlik

Preterite

A Snapshot in Time

Uses :

-AR Endings

-ER / -IR Endings

Preterite IrregularsCucaracha Verbs

eron

Snakey Verbs

Only change in the 3rd person

E-I

Preferir, Repetir, Venir, Servir

O-U

Dormir, Morir

E-Y

Leer, Creer

I-Y

Oir

https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=iFUAWMMdE7c

Preterite Irregulars

Spock Verbs – 5 Odd Balls

Imperfect

Continuous Action

Uses :

-AR Endings-ER / -IR EndingsNotice the “yo” and “usted “ endings are the same

Irregulars in the Imperfect

SER IR

VER

Preterite and Imperfect Together

Interruption Background/ Ongoing Action

Yo

est

aba

en

mi c

asa

cua

nd

o J

ua

n m

e

llam

ó

Practice

Nadamos

tomamos

Regresamos

leí

.me dormí

Había

estaban

almorzaban

servía

llovía

Por USES :

Para

USES :

Por and Para Change the Meaning of a Sentence

Practice

https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=fd0dlBZEw18

Stressed Possessive Adjectives

Must agree in gender and number

Placed after nouns they modify

http

s://w

ww

.you

tube

.com

/wat

ch?

v=m

4qLU

HO

SN

Fs

Stressed Possessive Adjectives

Article + Noun + De + Pronoun/Noun

Preceded by article, indefinite article, or demonstrative adjective

“El” and “La” usually omitted with SER

Possessive Pronouns

MANDATAS FORMALES Ud. + Uds.

Ejemplos -1) Drop the final “o” in the yo form

2) AR VERBS Add –e or –en

3) ER/IR VERBS Add -a or –an

With pronouns

AFFIRMATIVE

Attach to

comm

and

Add accent om

third to last

syllable if you

add one syllable

and on the

fourth to last if

you add two

(one pronoun or

two) NEGATIVE

Place pronouns before

command

Do not add accents

CAR → QUE

GAR →GUE

ZAR → CE

MANDATOS FORMALES IRREGULARES

ir-(formal)to go (vaya(n))ser-(formal) to be (sea(n))saber-(formal)to know (sepa(n))estar-(formal) to be (esté(n))dar -(formal) to give (dé(n))jugar-(formal) to play (juegue(n))llegar-(formal) (llegue(n))buscar-(formal) (busque(n))tocar-(formal) to touch (toque(n))empezar -(formal) to start (empiece(n))

T V D I S H E S

TenerTenerTraerTraer

VenirVenir DarDarDecirDecir

IrIr SalirSalir HacerHacerHaberHaber

EstarEstar SerSer

TengaTraiga

Venga DeDije

Vaya Salga HagaHaya

Este Sea

EL SUBJUNTIVO

Used to express actions that are uncertain or hypothetical

1) Will and Influence 2)Emotion3)Doubt, disbelief, and denial 4) Indefiniteness and nonexistence

SAME CONJUGATION AS FORMAL COMMANDS BUT INCLUDES NOSOTROS/YO

TRIGGER...

EJEMPLO -

EL SUBJUNTIVO CONT.

Verbs of Will and Influence

Aconsejar -

To advise

Mandar - To order

Importar - To be

important ;to matter

Insistir (en) - To insist (on)

Rogar (o-ue) -To beg ; to plead

Recomendar

(e-ie) - To

recommend

Prohibir - To

prohibit

Sugerir (e-ie) -

To suggest

Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion

Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt, Disbelief and Denial

Used when there is a change in subject

(And the main clause implies negation or uncertainty)

When to use just the INDICATIVE?

There is no doubt/uncertainty

que indicative

No negamos que hay demasiados carros. (We DON”T DENY = affirmative)

Affirmative SentenceCreer → IndicativeNegative Sentence No Creer → Subjunctive

Que significaPERHAPS = DOUBT

Subjunctive w/Conjunctions

Use the infinitive after the prepositions ANTES DE, PARA, and SIN when there is no change in subject

Te llamamos el viernes antes de salir de la casa

Te llamamos manana antes de que salgas

Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command

Use the indicative if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or happened in the past

Conjunctions → SubjunctiveAntes de quePara queSin que Prepositions → Infinitive (noAntes de change in subject)Parasin

P.S. -ger > ja

EXTRA SUBJUNCTIVE

Keanu se alegra de QUE la profe sea su novia.

Irregulars

WE

IRD

OS