Post on 01-Jun-2018
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RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
A THOROUGH INVESTIGATION OFROLE OF NGO’S & CBO’S
R E S E A R C H M E T H O D S A N D T E C H N I Q U E S
S E M E S T E R 3 R D
0 8 T H M A R C H , 2 0 0 4
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Civi S!"i#$% R!# !' NGO( & CBO(
CONTENTS
E)ECUTIVE SUMMAR*
INTRODUCTION
CIVIL SOCIET*
SOCIAL+PUBLIC P ARTICIPATION
COMMUNIT* EMPOERMENT
NGOS & CBOS
CONCLUSION
R EFERENCES
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
N!-.G!v#/-#-$1 O/1-i1$i!-( NGO(5 1-6 C!7-i$%.B1(#6O/1-i1$i!-( CBO(5 1v# 9##- i- $# i# i$ '!/ (!# $i#:
Ti( /#;!/$ 1$$#;$( $! '7% i-v#($i1$# $# /#1(!-( 9#i-6 $i(#/ '!7-61$i!- 9%#
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
NGO( 1/# $%;i"1% "1((i>#6 1( i-($i$7$i!-( !7$(i6# !' $#!v#/-#-$ (#"$!/: CBO( 1/# i?# NGO( #" !#1-6 1-6 $#-6 $! 9#/#'#//#6 $! 1( /1((./!!$ !/1-i1$i!-(’: NGO( 1-6 CBO( 1v##($19i(#6 $#(#v#( 1( 1 #6i7 '!/ 6#iv#/% !' #"!-!i"1-6 (!"i1 6#v#!;#-$ i- -7#/!7( "!7-$/i#(: T#% 1/#i-"/#1(i-% "!-(i6#/#6 1( $# 9#($ "!-67i$ '!/ $# 6i($/i97$i!-!' 7$i1$#/1 1-6 9i1$#/1 1i6, $# 6i((#i-1$i!- !' -#= i6#1(1-6 "!-"#;$( =i$ /#(;#"$ $! $# 9#$$#/#-$ !' $# ;79i" 1-6#-"!7/1# ;1/$i"i;1$i!- 1-6 6#!"/1"% i- !/6#/ $! i;/!v# "ivi(!"i#$%:
Ov#/ $# %#1/( $#i/ ;!;71/i$% 1( /!=- #$( $#% !#/:
I- !/6#/ $! '7% 1;;/#"i1$# $# 9#-#>$( 1-6 '7-"$i!-( !' $#(#i-($i$7$i!-(, i$ i( i;!/$1-$ $! 1v# 1 '7 7-6#/($1-6i- !' $####-$( =i" 1/# 1((!"i1$#6 =i$ $#i/ ##"$( $! 1"i#v# $#i/
!1(:
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2.0 CIVIL SOCIETY
Civi (!"i#$% i( 1 97 ;1(# =i" i( "1/##((% $/!=- 1/!7-69% $# #6i1 1-6 !v#/-#-$(: I$ 1( 9#"!# !-# !' $!(#$#/(, =i" i( 7(#6 (! !'$#- 97$ i$( -1$7/# #1-i- 1( 9##-!($: I$ 1( 9##- 1$$1"#6 $! $!(# (!"i#$i#( =i" 9!1($ 1/#GNP >7/#(, 1v# 9#$$#/ $#"-!!% !/ $!(# =i" ;#!;# 19#1( !6#/- (!"i#$i#(’: H!=#v#/ $i( i( 1 /!(( i("!-"#;$i!-
1-6 7($ 9# 166/#((#6:
2.1 DefnitionI- i( #-i$i!- i( v#/% 9/!16: G#-#/1%(;#1?i-, 1 "ivi (!"i#$% i( $# (7 !' 1 $# (!"i#$1/#1$i!-(i;( =i" i-v!v# v!7-$1/% 1((!"i1$i!- 1-6;1/$i"i;1$i!- !' i-6ivi671(:
O-# =1% $! $1"?# $i( $#/ i( $! (;i$ i$ 7;: Fi/($ i$ i(#((#-$i1 $! ("/7$i-i# $# $/7# #1-i- !' (!"i#$%: #-
$# $#/ (!"i#$% i( #-$i!-#6, 1 -79#/ !' $#/( "!# $!i-6: S7" $#/( i?#, #-#/1 ;79i", 71-i$%,"!7-i$% $#(# 1/# 1 =!/6( =i" "!# $! i-6: T#7#($i!- /#1i-( 19!7$ =1$ 1 $/7# (!"i#$% i(: 1$"1/1"$#/i($i"( 1/# 1((!"i1$#6 =i$ (!"i#$%:
2.1.1 Society Exp!ine"
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M1- i( 1 (!"i1 1-i1 $i( i( 1- i-97i$ $/1i$ 1-6 i(-!$ #1(i% i-!/#6: A$!7 i- 1-% i-($1-"#( 1-1( 6i(;1%#6 $#-6#-"i#( !' i-6ivi671i$% $# '1"$/#1i-( $1$ $# (!"i1 71i$% i( !-# =i" "1- -!$9# #1(i% /#;/#((#6: F7/$#/!/#, i$ 1( 9#"!#
9#-#>"i1 '!/ 1- $! 9#"!# 1ii1$#6 =i$ /!7;(:I- $# (i;# ("#-1/i! !' 1 $/i9#, 1 i-6ivi671("!9i-# $#i/ #!/$( i-$! !-# "!#"$iv# /!7;'!/1$i!-: i$i- $i( /!7; $# (?i( !' #1"i-6ivi671 !/ 7-i$ 1/# 16# 1v1i19# '!/ $# /#($ !' $# (!"i#$%: S! $# (?i( !' 1 $1i!/ 1/# 1v1i19#:
2.1.2 Ci#iity N!= $1$ 1 "!;/##-(iv# 7-6#/($1-6i- !' $#=!/6 (!"i#$% 1( 9##- '7% #
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-1$7/# i( 1!=#6 $! /7- =i6, (7" #v#-$( 1(6#("/i9#6 19!v# 1/# i-#vi$19#: T#/#'!/#, 1 "ivi(!"i#$% "1- 9# 6#("/i9#6 1( !-# 1?i- $#$/1-(/#((i!- '/! 1 1= !' -1$7/# !' "ivii$%:
2.1.* Societ! Re!tion&+ip&#- $1?i- 19!7$ 1 "ivi (!"i#$%, $# #-#/11((7;$i!- i( $1$ $i( /#'#/( $! $# /#1$i!-(i;('!/#6 9#$=##- ;/iv1$# 1-6 ;79i" i-($i$7$#(: I-/#1i$%, $# #1-i- i( 7" !/# i-$/i"1$#: A-%($76% 6!-# !- "ivi (!"i#$% i( !-# =i" #
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!"? $#i/ 6!!/( 1$ -i$ 9#"17(# !' 1 '#1/ !' !$#/(i-v16i- $#i/ ;/iv1"%, 1 /i$ !' 1-% i-6ivi671 ivi-=i$i- 1-% (!"i#$%:
H#-"#, =i$ $# "!-($/7"$i!- !' 1 "ivi (!"i#$%, $#/#
=!76 9# -! -##6 '!/ (7" #19!/1$# ("##( '!/(#' ;/#(#/v1$i!- 1( $# #-#/1 "!-(#-(7( =1( $1$#v#/% i-6ivi671 i- $1$ (!"i#$% /#(;#"$#6 $# /i$(1-6 ;/ivi##( !' $# !$#/: F7/$#/!/#, $i( (!"i#$%=!76 9# !-# =i" =1( "!-"#/-#6 =i$ $# =#.'1/# !' !$#/( $! (7" 1- #$( =i"1/# 1v1i19# 1/# #
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A!- =i$ $# 91(i" ;/i-"i;#( !' 71- -1$7/#, ;#!;#1/# #-#/1% i- '1v!/ !' ivi- i- 1 "ivi (!"i#$%: T#/#'!/#,$#% =i 1i-$1i- 1-6 $/% $! >-6 =1%( $! #-1-"# $#(!"i#$%:
Ti( i( 1- i-($i-"$ =i$i- $# i-6ivi671 $! !v# $!=1/6((7" 1 (!"i#$% 1( i- $# #
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$.0 SOCIAL/ ULIC ARTICIATION
S! '1/ $i( /#;!/$ 1( 6#>-#6 1 "ivi (!"i#$% 1-6 ;/!v#6 $1$ i$ i(1 ($1$# $1$ i-6ivi671 1/# #1#/ $! 1$$1i-: T#/# 1/# (#v#/1$!!( 1-6 $#"-i7#( 1v1i19# $! $# ;79i" i- !/6#/ $! 1i-$1i-1-6 #-1-"# 1 "ivi (!"i#$%: O-# ;1/$i"71/% ##"$ #$!6(=i" -!$ '/##% 6i("7((#6 i( $# 7(# !' ;79i" 1-6 "i$i#-(;1/$i"i;1$i!-:
$.1 eneft& !#!i!e
i$ $# i-"7(i!- !' $# ;79i" i- 6#"i(i!- 1?i-, i$ i( 1-i-$/i"1$# 1-6 6#i"1$# #$!6 =i" 1!=( ;#!;# $! '!/1 6##;#/ 1-6 ($/!-#/ 9!-6 !' /#(;#"$ '!/ $# !$#/(1/!7-6 $#: T# /#(7$ !' $#i/ ;1/$i"i;1$i!- 1!=( '!/$# ;#!;# $! 1i- 1 (#-(# !' /#(;!-(i9ii$% '!/ $#i/(7//!7-6i-( 1-6 $# (79(#7#-$ 9#-#>$( !' $#(# 1!=$# (!"i#$% $! 9#"!# "!(#/ 1-6 !/# ;/!67"$iv#:I-i$i1%, $# (!"i#$% 1%9# 1i#-1$#6 1-6 i(!1$#6 '/!#1" !$#/: Ti( ;/!9# i( !v#/"!# $/!7 ;79i";1/$i"i;1$i!-:
T# 9#-#>$( !' (7" ;1/$i"i;1$i!- 1/# -!$ !-% 9!7-6#6 $!$# (!"i#$% 97$ 1(! iv#( $# i-6ivi671 $# !;;!/$7-i$% $!#
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$.1.$ Di#e%&ity o' exp%e&&ion
$.1.* Sec)%ity !n" %i#!cy
$.1., C)t)%! en#i%on(ent
$.2 Co(()nity O%!ni3!tion&
i$ $# /1-# !' v1/i#$% '!7-6 =i$i- 1-% iv#- (!"i#$% i$"!#( 1( -! (7/;/i(# $1$ $# -##6( !' 1 (!"i#$% 1(! v1/%"!-(i6#/19%: I-"i6#-$1%, $#(# -##6( 1/# -!$ (1/#6#71% 9% #v#/% #9#/ !' $# (!"i#$%: A( 1 /#(7$,/!7;( !' i?#.i-6#6 i-6ivi671( i( 1 91(i( '!/ $# $!"!# $!#$#/ 1-6 '!/ 9!6i#( $! ##"$iv#% 1$$1i- $#:i$ $#i/ "!9i-#6 ##"$, $#% 1/# 19# $! =!/? $!=1/6($#(# !1( $/!7 ;!!#6 /#(!7/"#( 1-6 /#1$#/1-;!=#/: H#-"# $i( =1( $# i-i$i1 ;1(# '/! =i"
NGO( 1-6 CBO( #v!v#6 '/!:
$.2.1 4o!& !n" O5ecti#e&
T# ?i-6 !' =!/? $1$ 1 "!7-i$% !/1-i1$i!-1%9# ;/!-# $!! 1/# #
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1$ (!76 9# 7-6#/($!!6 9% $i( i($ i( $1$ -!-#!' $# 19!v# 1/# "1/1"$#/i($i"( !' $# 1"$i!-( !' 1!v#/-#-$ 9!6% 1-6 $# $=! (!76 -!$ 9#"!-'7(#6: I- $# "1(# !' !v#/-#-$(, $#% 1/# 19#$! "!!(# '/! 1 v1($ /1-# !' $#"-i7#( i-"76i-
#"!-!i", "!7-i$% 9!6i#( 1=1/6 !/# #;1(i(!- $# (!"i1 ;#/(;#"$iv#: E((#-$i1%, $#i/ "#-$/1'!"7( i( $! #-(7/# $1$ $# v!i"#( 1-6 "!-"#/-( !/!/6i-1/% ;#!;# 1/# -!$ #
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"!-$/i97$#( $! i;/!v# ;#/'!/1-"# !' !v#/-#-$ ($1 1-6 $!i;/!v# "i#-$ (1$i('1"$i!- =i$ $# i-($i$7$i!-( (#/vi"#:
4: COMMUNIT* EMPOERMENT PROGRAM
T# !1( !' "!7-i$% #;!=#/#-$ ;/!/1 1/# $!;/!!$# (#"7/i$%, !;;!/$7-i$% 1-6 #;!=#/#-$ 9%K
S$/#-$#-i- 1""!7-$19#, i-"7(iv# "!7-i$%
/!7;( S7;;!/$i- 9/!16 91(#6 ;1/$i"i;1$i!- 9% ;!!/ ;#!;#
F1"ii$1$i- 1""#(( $! i-'!/1$i!- 1-6 i-?1# $! $#
1/?#$
I;/!vi- !v#/-1-"#, i-($i$7$i!-( 1-6 ;!i"i#(
CEP ;/!/1 !!?( 1$ $# i((7# !' #;!=#/#-$ 1-6!v#/-1-"# $7( ($/#-$#-i- $# v!i"#( !' $# ;!!/ i-i-7#-"i- ;79i" ;!i"i#(, 1( =# 1( i- 1?i-i-($i$7$i!-( !/# 1""!7-$19# 1-6 /#(;!-(iv# $! $#i/-##6(:
4:2 INITIATING COMMUNIT* EMPOERMENTPROGRAM
I- 1;;%i- CEP, $# "i/"7($1-"#( i- $# "!7-i$% 7($
9# "!-(i6#/#6: T# ;1/$i"i;1$i- /!7;( (!76 #67"1$#$# "i$i#- 19!7$ 6#"i(i!- 1?i- ;/!"#(( 1-6 #; $#i6#-$i'%i- $#i/ i((7#(:
A '#= "1/1"$#/i($i"( 19!7$ 1-% "!7-i$% $! "!-(i6#/9#'!/# "!!(i- 1 "!7-i$% #;!=#/#-$ ($/1$#% 1/#K
Si# !' "!7-i$%
L#v# !' ;79i" 1=1/#-#((
N79#/ !' "!7-i$% 91(#6 !/1-i1$i!-(
S"!;# !' !7$/#1" ;/!#"$(
Si# !' "!7-i$% !/1-i1$i!-( i- $#/ !' ($1 1-6
#9#/(
L1-71# 91//i#/(
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I- CEP =#- $# /#(!7/"#( 1/# 6#6i"1$#6 $! #v!vi-"!7-i$% /#(i6#-$( i- ;1--i- ;/!"#((, 11i- /#(7$("1- 9# 1"i#v#6: C!7-i$% "!-(#-(7( "1- 9# /#1"#6Ki-$#/#($ "1- 9# #-#/1$#6 i- -#i9!/!!6 $1$ 1( -#v#/16 v!i"# i- $#i/ i((7#(:
T# ###-$( $1$ #-19# $# (7""#(( 1/#
Ti#
D#6i"1$i!-
P1$i#-"#
C!7-i$% $/7($
U-6#/($1-6i- !' "!7-i$% -##6( 1-6 ?-!=#6#
C/#1$ivi$%
ii--#(( $! =!/? $!#$#/
T#(# ;/!/1( 1/# (7""#(('7 67# $! $# /#1(!- $1$$#(# 1/# 91(#6 !- "!7-i$%, i-i$i1$#6 9% "!7-i$%,"!-($/7"$#6 9% "!7-i$% 1-6 "!-67"$#6 9% "!7-i$%:H!=#v#/ i$ i( -!$#6 $1$ $! i-v!v# $# ;79i", i$ i(-#"#((1/% $! #-1# $# ;79i":
4:3 SHORT COMMINGS OF CEP
I- $# i;##-$1$i!- !' CEP $# !($ i;!/$1-$ ;/!9#i( !' $i#, 9#"17(# =i$ $# i-v!v##-$ !' !/# ;#!;# i-$# ;/!#"$ 1-6 6iv#/(# #v# !' 7-6#/($1-6i- 1-6?-!=#6# (7" ;/!/1( $1?# !- $i#: S!# !' $i#6ii"7$i#( "1- 9# !v#/"!# =i$ !/# ($1 #9#/(1((i-#6 $! $# ;/!#"$, 97$ (!# ###-$( 1-6 ($#;("1--!$ 9# /7(#6 1-6 (?i;;#6: S?i;;i- $# ($#;( 1-6/7(i- $# ;/!"#(( (1"/i>"#( $# 71i$% 1-6 "!7-i$%97%.i- $! $# !- $#/ !1(:
S! i$ "1- 9# "!-"76#6 $1$ $# "!7-i$% 6#v#!;#-$!/1-i1$i!-( (!76
S#$ /#1i($i" !1( '!/ =1$ "1- 9# 1""!;i(#6
=i$ $# /#(!7/"#( 1v1i19#: T# /#(!7/"# i($(!76 "!-(i6#/ !-#%, ($1 $i#, $# i-6ivi671(
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i-v!v#6, ;1($ #
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,.0 N4OS 7 COS
T#/# i( -! #-#/1% 1""#;$#6 6#>-i$i!- !' 1- NGO 1-6 $#$#/ "1//i#( 6i#/#-$ "!--!$1$i!-( i- 6i#/#-$ "i/"7($1-"#(:N#v#/$##((, $#/# 1/# (!# '7-61#-$1 '#1$7/#(: C#1/% 1-NGO 7($ 9# i-6#;#-6#-$ '/! $# 6i/#"$ "!-$/! !' 1-%!v#/-#-$: I- 166i$i!-, $#/# 1/# $/## !$#/ #-#/1%
1""#;$#6 "1/1"$#/i($i"( $1$ #
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'7-"$i!- !' ($/#-$#-i- $# 6!-!/( i6#-$i>"1$i!- =i$ $#"17(#: P#/(716i- ;#!;# $! 6!-1$# $#i/ $i# i( -#"#((1/%, 97$,i- 166i$i!- $! 1 (1 -79#/ !' ;#!;# ivi- 1 /#1$ 6#1 !' $i#, i$ i( 1(! -#"#((1/% $! 9# 19# $! !9ii# 1/# -79#/('!/ 9/i#' ;#/i!6(: E/($"1# i-$! #
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=#/# (7""#(('7% 19# $! ($1?# $#i/ /!# i- #"!-!i" 1-6(!"i1 i((7#(: Ti( "1-# #1-$ $1$ $# $#/# =1( 1 -#=(!7/"# '!/ ($/#-$#-i- 1-6 '!/1ii- $# /#1$i!-(=i$ ;/iv1$# !/1-i1$i!-(: Ti( /#(7$#6 i- 1- 7;/16# i-$# ($1$7( !' $# E"!-!i" 1-6 S!"i1 C!7-"i ECOSOC5
$! 1 ;/i-"i;1 !/1- !' $# UN:
T! "1/i'% 1$$#/(, -#= $#/i-!!% =1( i-$/!67"#6 $!"!v#/ ECOSOC( /#1$i!-(i; =i$ $=! $%;#( !' i-$#/-1$i!-1 !/1-i1$i!-(: U-6#/ A/$i"# 0, (;#"i1i#61#-"i#(, #($19i(#6 9% i-$#/!v#/-#-$1 1/###-$"!76 ;1/$i"i;1$# =i$!7$ 1 v!$# i- i$( 6#i9#/1$i!-(,=i# 7-6#/ A/$i"# , -!-.!v#/-#-$1 !/1-i1$i!-("!76 1v# (7i$19# 1//1-##-$( '!/ "!-(7$1$i!-: T7(,(;#"i1i#6 1#-"i#( 1-6 NGO( 9#"1# $#"-i"1 UN
1/!-: U-i?# 7" UN 1/!-, $# $#/, NGO, ;1((#6i-$! ;!;71/ 7(1#, ;1/$i"71/% '/! $# #1/% 0(!-=1/6(: M1-% 6iv#/(# $%;#( !' 9!6i#( 1/# -!= 6#("/i9#61( 9#i- NGO(:
,.2 ROLE O- N4OS
,.$ NEED -OR N4OS
I$ 1( /#;#$i$iv#% 9##- ($1$#6 $/!7!7$ $i( /#;!/$ $1$NGO( 1-6 CBO( 1v# 7-6#/!-# 1 1(( 7$i;i"1$i!-=i" "1- -!$ 9# i-!/#6: Ti( # $# !/1-i1$i!-( 67$i#(: M1-% !' $# =#/#-!=-#6 /#;/#(#-$1$iv#( 1v# 1 (!7-6 /#;7$1$i!-i- $# #%#( !' $# ;79i" 1-6 #-"# 1/# !;#- $! 1i6'/! v1/i!7( (#"$!/(:
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T# ;/!9#( 1((!"i1$#6 =i$ $#(# #-$i$i#( i#( =i$$# !;#/1$i!-1 "!-($/1i-$(: I- 1-% "1(#(, =#-=!/?i- 19/!16, $#% 1/# "!-$i-71% /#($/1i-#6'/! (;/#16i- $#i/ =i-( 9% !v#/-#-$(, =i"$#-6 $! 1v# 1 i 6#/## !' 6i"$1$!/(i;: I- (7"
i-($1-"#( $#i/ 1"$i!-( 1/# 9#i- #$( $/!7 '7$7/# 97(i-#(( 1"$ivi$i#(:
,.$.$ A#!i!iity o' -)n"&
A-!$#/ #-"!7/1i- '1"$!/ '!/ $# /!=$ !' NGO(
i( "!-(#-$ !' G!v#/-#-$( $! ;1/$ =i$ 1 '/1"$i!- !' $#i/ '7-6( '!/ $# 6#v#!;#-$ !' NGO(: Ov#/ $# %#1/(, NGO( 1v# #
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,.$.* Ret%e!t o' 4o#e%n(ent
,.$., oo% 4o#e%n(ent Rep)t!tion
A$!7 1-% !v#/-#-$( 1% "1i $! '!"7(i-$#i/ #!/$( ;7/#% '!/ $# 9#-#>$ !' $# (!"i#$%,$#i/ 1"$i!-( "!-$/16i"$ $i(:
,.* ADVANTA4ES
NGO( ;!;71/i$% i( 6#/iv#6 '/! $# '7-"$i!-( $#% 1/#9#i#v#6 $! #-1"$: T#i/ 1$$/1"$iv#-#(( i#( i- $# 9#i#' $1$ NGO( "1//% !7$ $# (1# $1(?( !' !v#/-#-$( i- 1
!/# #i"i#-$ 1-6 "!($.##"$iv# 1--#/: O-# !' $# !($6#>-i- "1/1"$#/i($i"( !' NGO( i( $# ($/!- i-? $#%!6 =i$ $# ;!!/ ;#!;#: E6=1/6( 1-6 H7# ($1$#6
!"s and #$"s %grass&root organizations' areawarded a key role in the democratization process by bilateral and multilateral agencies(They are seen asan integral component of a thriving civil society and anessential counterweight to state power, opening upchannels of communication and participation,providing training ground for activists and promoting
pluralism.
Ti( ($1$##-$ ii$( $1$ NGO( 1/# ;#/"#iv#6 $! 9# 1#1-( !' ($/#-$#-i- "ivi (!"i#$% 1-6 '!($#/i- !!6!v#/-#-$: F/! $i( ($1$##-$, i$ i( #vi6#-$ $1$ NGO(!6 1 -79#/ !' "!;1/1$iv# 16v1-$1#( !v#/ ($1$#!v#/-#-$(, #1" !' =i" =i 9# 6i("7((#6 i- 6#$1i:E1" ###-$ 6i("7((#6 9#!= 1/# 1 '/1"$i!-( =i" 1667; $! 1 "ivi (!"i#$%:
,.*.1 %o(ote Di#e%&ity
I$ i( $%;i"1% ($1$#6 $1$ 1- i-6ivi671 6#/iv#6 !' !;;!/$7-i$% i( !-# =!(# 9!/- /i$( 1/# 9#i- vi!1$#6: E1" i-6ivi671 (!76 9# 1!=#6 $! 6#>-#$#(#v#( i- =1$#v#/ 1--#/ $#% (## vi19# 1(!- 1( i$ i( 6!-# =i$!7$ "17(i- 6i(/7;$i!- i- $#(!"i#$%: S7" #
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i-$#/#($ /!7;(: I-$#/#($ /!7;( 1/# $%;i"1% 6#>-#61( $!(# 1((!"i1$i!-( 97i$ !- $# ($/#-$ !' 1/!7; !' ;#!;# =! "!# $!#$#/ =i$ (ii1/i6#1(: T#i/ 6i($i-7i(i- "1/1"$#/i($i" i( $1$ $#%6! -!$ =i( $! 1i- "!-$/! i- !v#/-#-$ 97$ /1$#/
=i( $! 1v# $#i/ v!i"# #1/6 (! $#% "1- i- ##"$i-7#-"# $# ;/!"#(( !' ;!i"% 1?i-: T#/#1"$i!-( 1/# /#v!v#6 1/!7-6 "1#-i-!-!;!i($i" $#-6#-"i#( 1-6 ;!!/ ;#/'!/1-"# !' $# ($1$#:
I$ (!76 9# /#i-6#6 $1$ -! ;!i$i"1 ;1/$i#( 1/#1!=#6 $! 9# /#"!-i#6 1( NGO(: Ti( i( 1- 1/#1ECOSOC 1v# ##6 $1$NGO( (!76 1v# 1 #-#/1 i-$#/-1$i!-1 "!-"#/-=i$ $i( 1$$#/, -!$ /#($/i"$#6 $! $# i-$#/#($( !' 1;1/$i"71/ /!7; !' ;#/(!-(, 1 (i-# -1$i!-1i$% !/$# (i$71$i!- i- 1 (i-# S$1$#: i# $i( ;/!vi(i!-=1( 6/!;;#6 '/! $# /#vi(#6 $#
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7i$# $# (1# ($!/%: i$ $#i/ 7# (;/#16 !' (?i(1-6 =!/?.'!/"#, 1-% $#-6 $! 19i6# $! 197/#17"/1$i" !v#/-1-"# =i" i;!(#( 1-%ii$(: NGO( 6! -!$ 1v# $i( ;/!9#:
A-!$#/ /#1(!- '!/ $#i/ #i"i#-"% i#( i- $#i/17$!-!%: NGO( 1/# 1!=#6 $# '/##6! $!'7-"$i!- =i$!7$ 1-% !v#/./i6i- i-7#-"# '/!!v#/-#-$(: H!=#v#/, $i( i( i- 1- i6#1 =!/6:I-6ivi671 !v#/-#-$( 6! 1$ $i#( $/% $! i-7#-"#$# NGO "!7-i$% i- 1 ;1/$i"71/ >#6, 9%#($19i(i- NGO( $1$ ;/!!$# $#i/ ;!i"i#(: S7"i-($i$7$#( =i" '1 $! $# =i( !' !v#/-#-$(1v# 9##- '!-6% 9/1-6#6 1( GONGO(, !v#/-#-$.!/1-i#6 NGO: S7" i-($i$7$#( 9#"!# '1i#6#
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/#(#1/" /!7;( 1% 1;;i% !9$1i- !v#/-#-$'7-6( $! (7;;!/$ $#i/ ;/!/1( (!# 1/#i--!v1$iv# 1-6 (!# 1/# -!$: B#%!-6 $#(#(i$71$i!-(, /16i"1 "1;1i-i- /!7;( 1% 9#7-=ii- 1-6 7-19# $! 1$$/1"$ !v#/-#-$ '7-6(:
,.,., A""%e&&in Nee"& o' Society
#- ;/!;#/% 6#(i-#6, "!7-i$%.91(#6;/!/1( "1- 9# i% ##"$iv# i- 1-1i--1$7/1 /#(!7/"#(, ;/!vi6i- 91(i" i-'/1($/7"$7/# !/#-(7/i- ;/i1/% (!"i1 (#/vi"#(: P1/$i"i;1$i!- i-"!7-i$%.91(#6 6#v#!;#-$ 6#;#-6( !-/#v#/(i- "!-$/! 1-6 1""!7-$19ii$% '/! "#-$/117$!/i$i#( $! "!7-i$% !/1-i1$i!-(: S7""#(('76#(i- /#7i/#( $1;;i- i-$! !"1 -##6(,
7-6#/($1-6i- 1-6 97i6i- !- $# ($/#-$( !' #-i- $# "1-#(-##6#6 i- i-$#/#6i1/% i;##-$i- 1#-"i#( $!(7;;!/$ "!7-i$% 1"$i!-
,.*.; M!%
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!/1-i1$i!- $#% ;!/$/1% $#(#v#( 1( 6%-1i",i--!v1$iv# 1-6 -!-.i#/1/"i"1:
NGO( 1/# "!-($1-$% 9#i- "!-$/1($#6 $! -#= (!"i1!v##-$(: T# i6#1 !' 1 !v##-$ (i7$1-#!7(%i-v!?#( $=! 6i((ii1/ i6#1( $# ;!i$i"1 i;1"$ !'
1(( 1"$i!-, 9% v#/% 1/# -79#/( !' ;#!;#, 1-6$# /!# !' $# i-6ivi671 ;#/(!-, i-6#;#-6#-$%1?i- i(+#/ !=- v!i"# #1/6: Si-"# $# 0(,$#/# 1v# 9##- /#'#/#-"#( $! $# -#= (!"i1!v##-$(, (7" 1( $!(# '!/ ;#1"#, =!#-(/i$(, 6#v#!;#-$, $# #-vi/!-#-$ 1-6 1-$i./1"i(: T#(# "!-"#;$( 1/# "!-(i6#/#6 $! 9# -#=(i;% 9#"17(# $#% 1/# -!$ 9!7-6#6 9% i6#1( !' "1(( 6ivi(i!-(. H!=#v#/, 1-% ;/!9#( 1/i(# i-$i( 91(i( !' "!-$/1($: T#/# 1/# 9!$ "!-(#/v1$iv#1-6 /16i"1 i6#1( (1/#6 i- $#(# (!"i1 !v##-$(:
A( 1 /#(7$, NGO( $#-6 $! '1 i-$! #i$#/ !' $#(#$=! "1$#!/i#(: M1-% ("!1/( !6 $# !;i-i!- $1$1 !v##-$( 1/# 1 ;/!/#((iv# #1-( $!#-1-"i- 1 (!"i#$%: T# 1= i- $i( i#( i- $#!i((i!- !' $# '1"$ $1$ 1-% !v##-$( 1/#/#1"$i!-1/% i- -1$7/#: F!/ #
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1!- =i$ 1 $# ;#!;#, =i$i- 1-6 !7$(i6# $#!/1-i1$i!-(, =! i6#-$i'% =i$ $# "!!- !1(1-6 $# "!#"$iv# i6#-$i$%: T7(, 1 (!"i1 !v##-$i( !/# $1- 1 "!1i$i!- !' NGO( 1-6 #(( $1-(!"i#$% 1( 1 =!#:
I- $# 0(, '!7/ 7$71%./#i-'!/"i- ;/!"#((#( !' "1-# #6 $! #;1(i( !- $# "!-"#;$ !' "ivi(!"i#$%:
1- #-i$i!- 16 9##- #($19i(#6, $#UN 1$$#;$#6 $! 7$ii# $i( -#= !7$!!?: T# UN#
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i6#1( 1-6 "!-"#;$(, #1" !6i- $#i/ !=- !;i-i!-:S7" i( $# v1/i#$% $1$ !-# ;#/(!-( vi#= !' $# ;79i"i-$#/#($ 1% 9# (##- 9% 1-!$#/ ;#/(!- 1( $#1((#/$i!- !' 7-1""#;$19# v17#(, i6#!!i"1 #$ '/! /##-"!-(7#/i( !/ #v#- /#67"# "!-(7;$i!- !' #-#/%
1-6 /1= 1$#/i1( $! /#67"# "!($(: T/16# 7-i!-( 7(71%! 7" '7/$#/ $1- "!;1-i#( i- 1?i- #
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$! 16i$ $! /#1$i!-( =i$ #i$#/ ;/#((7/# /!7;( !/i-$#/#($ /!7;( 1( #1" "1//i#( =i$ $# "!($%"!-(#7#-"#(: A( 1 (1'# 1$#/-1$iv#, $#% ;/#'#/ $#91-6 $i$# !' NGO(:
NGO( 1v# 16!;$#6 $# "!-"#;$ !' ;79i" i-$#/#($ 1-66! 6i(;1% "#/$1i- "1/1"$#/i($i"( =i" 1/# (ii1/ $!9!$ i-$#/#($ /!7;( 1-6 ;/#((7/# /!7;(: H!=#v#/,$#/# i( 7$71 "!--iv1-"# i- !($ ;!i$i"1 ;/!"#((#(1$ $# !91 #v# $! i6# 9#i-6 $# 7-"!-$/!v#/(i1"1$".1 $#/ NGO(: E((#-$i1%, NGO( 1/# -!$ $1$7" 6i#/#-$ '/! ;/iv1$i!- v!7-$1/% !/1-i1$i!-(PVO5 #
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;/!67"# $# 6#(i/#6 ##"$: I$ i( !/# #1(i#/ $!16v#/$i(# $#i/ !=- i6#1( 1-6 9/i- $# ;79i" $!$#i/ =1% !' $i-?i- 1( $# ;79i" -!= 1( 9#"!#(! >"?# =i$ '#= !/1( 1-6 ;/i-"i;#(:
,.*.2 T%)e A)tono(y
O-# !' $# 9i#($ ;/!9#( 1((!"i1$#6 =i$ NGO(i( $#i/ i-?1# =i$ 6!-!/(: T# /#1(!- 9#i-6 $i(i( "#1/: A( NGO( 9#"!# /#i1-$ $! $#(# '!/#i-6!-!/(, $#% 1(! 9#"!# v7-#/19#: M1-% 6!-!/(-!= 1?# 6#1-6( =i" $#% #19# /#(7$(: A$!7 $i( 1%9# "!-(i6#/#61 !!6 $i- $! ;7( NGO( $! 1"i#v# i /#(7$(,$#/# i( 1 6!=-'1 $! $i(: NGO( 1/# ;/!vi6i- 1(#/vi"#: H#-"# $#i/ >#6 i( 71i$%: I' $#% 9#i- $!"1--# $#i/ #!/$( i-$! !9$1i-i- 71-$i$1$iv#/#(7$(, $#- $#% =i 1v# $! "!;/!i(# !-71i$%:
A-!$#/ 1/#1 =i" i( 1 6!=-'1 i- NGO( i( $1$6!-!/( 1% 6#1-6 $1$ "#/$1i- i6#1( 1/# ;7$'!/=1/6 $! $# ;79i": Ti( i( $# "1(# =#- NGO(1/# '7-6#6 9% !v#/-#-$1 9!6i#(: T# /#1(!- =%!v#/-#-$( 1% /#(!/$ $! NGO( i- (;/#16i-"!-"#;$71 i6#1( i#( i- $# '1"$ $1$ 1v# ;/!v#6 i-$# ;1($ $! 1v# 1 ($/!- 9!-6 =i$ $# ;79i": T#%1/# 9#$$#/ 19# $! (;/#16 $#(# i6#1( $/!7 $#$/7($i- /#1$i!-(i; $1$ $#% 1v# =!/?#6 1/6 $!"/#1$#: Ti( i( 1 "!;/!i(# =i" "!#( 1$ 1 /#1$#
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i( 1 v#/% v17# 1-6 19i7!7( !-# 1$ $i#( 1-6 "1--!$ 9# #1(i% #1(7/#6: A( $#% 6#1 !($% =i$"1-i- $# i-6(#$ !' $# (!"i#$%, $i( i( -!$ 1-#1(% '1"$!/ $! 6#$#/i-#: H#-"#, !/# #!/$( (!769# 16# $! $1i!/ 1 (%($# $! 9#$$#/ #1(7/# $#
$/7# ##"$iv#-#(( !' NGO(:
,.*.* 6o%-1-"i1 1-61-1#/i1 6i("i;i-#, 1-6 #
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NGO( 1%9# #-$i/#% !/ 1/#% 6#;#-6#-$ !- 6!-!/6!#($i" 1-6 '!/#i-5 '7-6i-, =i" "1- #16 $!i;##-$1$i!- !' ;/!#"$( 1""!/6i- $! i5 $#=i(#( !' $# 6!-!/(, ii5 i-($19ii$% i- $#1v1i19ii$% !' '7-6(, 1-6 iii5 (!/$.$#/ ;#/(;#"$iv#(
!- ##$i- !9#"$iv#( =i$ #;1(i( !- ##$i-;%(i"1 $1/#$(:
S7($1i-19ii$% !' ;/!#"$(, 1"$ivi$i#( 1-6 (#/vi"#( 1%-!$ 9# 1"i#v#6 9#"17(# !' '1i7/# $! 6#v#!;i-$#/-1 i-($i$7$i!-1 #"1-i( 1-6 "1;1"i$% i- $#"!7-i$% !/1-i1$i!-(:
P/!#"$( i-$/!67"#6 1% -!$ 9# i--!v1$i!-1 i-$#/( !' 7(i- !"1 /#(!7/"#( 1-6 i-;7$( =i$#;1(i( 1-6 /1'$i- -#= #$!6( $! i-"/#1(#
;/!67"$ivi$% !/ "!($.##"$iv-#((T# i;1"$ !' NGO ;/!#"$( 1-6 1"$ivi$i#( 1/# !'$#-1/6 $! 1((#(( 1-6 1% 9# 1#"$#6 9% 9!$ i-$#/-11-6 #
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right were incompetent to carry out their responsibilities in various
departments which either did not exist or was done with inferior
quality. This realization then spread to the recognition that small localgroups were better equipped with the skills and resources to meet the
demands of the civil society. ith is point in mind, foreign aid for
development proved to be an invaluable source of income for suchgroups to expand their ob!ectives. The available funds that initially
were siphoned through the government now shared by another, the
non"governmental organisations #$%&s'.
5.5.1 Existing Rules & Regulations for NGOs and NGO Bill
(ach county)s perspective of $%&s varies considerably and such
organizations must tailor to these initial foundations in order that
their efforts have a resounding effect on the society. The legal
framework is an aspect that $%&s must take into consideration.
In *akistan, there exist several rules and regulations under which
$%&s may legally register themselves. +ome of these rules were
prepared before the independence of *akistan by the then ritish
government. The registration rules and regulations are six andthese are-
The +ocieties egistration /ct #00I', 1234,
The Trust /ct, 1225,
The 6haritable (ndowment /ct 1274,
The 6ooperative +ocieties /ct, 1758,
The 9oluntary +ocial elfare /gencies #egistration and6ontrol' &rdinance, 1731 #0:9I of 1731'
The 6ompanies &rdinance under +ection ;5 of 172;.
The above acts provided $%&s with liberties allowing them to
work freely with no hindrance within a given area.
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/n increasing interest amongst international and multilateral agencies
to involve the non"governmental organisations #$%&s ' to implement
their agenda generated mushroom growth of $%&s in early 74s andalarmed the government functionaries. 6onsequently, steps to curb
them were highly under discussion by the government and first it
created own $%&s in the name of ural +upport *rogrammes #+*s'and then it introduced $%&"ill #as most of the donors preferred to
fund grassroots $%&s'.
5.5.2 NGO-bill 1996
/s $%&s became the new fashion, %overnment of *akistan began tolook into ways to control this growth as it was fast becoming a
realization that many such organizations were insincere and simply
using the establishment as a front were unethical acts were being
carried out freely. In 177;, %overnment of *akistan #%&*' has decided
to introduce a new act for the registration of $%&s. It was introducedin the +enate of *akistan as +ocial elfare /gencies #egistration and
egulation' /ct, 1773 on =anuary 58, 1773. The primary ob!ective inthe formation of this bill was to unify the various existing rules and
regulations making them clear and evident to all. This now meant that
government funding would only be provided to those $%&s whichwere duly recognized under the bill.
/nother productive step that *akistan took in this issue was to initiate
free communication linkage between $%&s and the government where
the $%&"bill could be discussed. / series of meetings were set up
which allowed for both parties to develop a certain understanding andappreciation of each others ob!ectives. This is a foundation that is still
currently being fortified and the ill in question is still under construction.
However, despite this move to reformatting, many discrepancies arise.
>any $%&s see this shift as an intrusive one on the part of the
government were their dictative forces may undermine the genuinegoals of $%&+. &n the other hand, the %overnment of *akistan stands
by the claim that their efforts in this field are to that donor funds are
used for their intended purpose. The %&* claims that her efforts are
aimed at stopping political interference by various internationalfunding agencies in *akistan?s internal affairs through religious $%&s.
I- A;/i 8, Mi1- N1=1 S1/i' =1( $# >/($P1?i($1-i P/i# Mi-i($#/ $! ##$ =i$ $# P/#(i6#-$!' $# E7/!;#1- C!i((i!-: T# /#1(!- 9#i-6 $i(17(;i"i!7( !""1(i!- =1( $# (i-i- !' 1 -#=
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1/###-$ 9#$=##- $# EU 1-6 P1?i($1-: T# EU i((7;;!/$i- 1/# 1-6 (1 ;/!#"$( i- P1?i($1-7-6#/ $# #16i-( !'K
71- /#(!7/"# 6#v#!;#-$
;!v#/$% 1#vi1$i!- $# i;/!v##-$ !' $# (i$71$i!- !' =!#-
1-6 "i6/#- $# #-vi/!-#-$
E"1$i!-;/!/1# 1-6 $# F!!6 P/!$#"$i!- 1-6R#19ii$1$i!- ;/!#"$(: B7$ EU 1((i($1-"# 1(!9#-#>$( $# (!"i1 (#"$!/ (7;;!/$ '!/ #67"1$i!-11"$ivi$i#( !' $# A1 @1- F!7-61$i!-, 1 ;/!#"$ =i$
$# ILO $! "!91$ "i6 19!7/, 1 1/#E-vi/!-#-$1 R#19ii$1$i!- ;/!#"$ 1-6 1 1!/;/!#"$ $! ($/#-$#- "1;1"i$% i- $# NGO (#"$!/:T# 1$$#/ ;/!#"$ =1( -!$ =i$!7$ ;/!9#(,!=#v#/:
I$ (##( 1$%;i"1 $1$ P1?i($1-, 1 "!7-$/% =i" 1(6iv#/#6 '/! $# $/16i$i!- !' "ivi (!"i#$% 67# $!/#"7//#-$ !' ii$1/% /7# (!76 #-$#/$1i- $#"!-"#;$ !' NGO(: H!=#v#/, 7-6#/ $# i-7#-"# !' ;#!;#. "#-$/#6 6#v#!;#-$ !6#( 1-6 . !/#
i;!/$1-$% . 67# $! $# 1((iv# >-1-"i1 (7;;!/$'/! 6!-!/(, $# "!7-$/% 1( (##- 1 9!! !' NGO1"$ivi$% i- /#"#-$ %#1/(: A$!7 $i( #v!7$i!-(##( 1 ;!(i$iv# $7/-i- ;!i-$, "!-"#/-( 19!7$ $#71i$% !' NGO( 1( 9##- 1 '!"1 ;!i-$ i- /#"#-$ %#1/(: T# #1(% 1v1i19ii$% !' '7-6( 1( #1-$ $1$NGO(, =i" 1%9# (i-"#/# 97$ 1"?i- i-1-1#/i1 1-6 $#"-i"1 (?i( $! 6#(i-, i;##-$1-6 !-i$!/ ;/!/1(, 1/# 19# $! "!-$i-7# $#i/i'#(;1- =i$ /#1$ i-#i"i#-"i#(:
T# EU.'7-6#6 R7/1 S!"i1 D#v#!;#-$P/!/1# RSDP5 1i#6 $! ($/#-$#- $#6#v#!;#-$ NGO( 1-6 C!7-i$% B1(#6O/1-i1$i!-( i- P1?i($1-: I-i$i1% 6#(i-#6 i- 3,$# ;/!/1# '!"7(#6 !- i-($i$7$i!-16#v#!;#-$ !' S7;;!/$ O/1-i1$i!-( 1-6, $/!7$#, $! ;/!vi6# (7;;!/$ $! "!7-i$%.91(#6!/1-i1$i!-( 1-6 i66# #v# NGO(::: H!=#v#/,
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9!$ $# 6#1%( i- -#!$i1$i- $# C!!;#/1$i!- A/###-$ 1-6 "1-#( i- $# C!i((i!-(;/i!/i$i#( #1-$ $1$ $# ;/!/1# ($i 16 -!$?i"?#6 ! =#- $# 1/###-$ =1( >-1% (i-#6 i-8:
T#(# 6#1%( 9/!7$ =i$ $# (i$ "1-#( i-$# #;1(i( !' $# ;/!/1: #/# i- #1/i#/ 6/1'$($# #;1(i( =1( !- $# i;/!v##-$ !' /7/1 1-6(#i.7/91- NGO (#/vi"#( i- $# >#6( !' 91(i"#1$, 91(i" #67"1$i!- 1-6 '1i% ;1--i-, 1$#/ !-$# ;/!/1 ;7$ !/# ($/#(( !- $# -##6 $! i-v#($ i-$# "1;1"i$% !' $# S7;;!/$ O/1-i1$i!-($#(#v#(: T# !/ii-1 1i !' i;/!vi- (!"i1(#/vi"#( =1( /#;1"#6 9% $# !9#"$iv# !' (7;;!/$i-(#v#- 1/# NGO(, i- $# !;# $1$ $1$ =!769#-#>$ $# NGO (#"$!/ 1( 1 =!#:
F7/$#/!/#, $#/# =#/# ;1/$i"71/ ;/!9#( =i$(!# !' $# !/1-i1$i!-( $1$ =#/# $! "1--# $#EU '7-6( $! $# /7/1 NGO( 1-6 CBO(: O-#!/1-i1$i!-, =i" '!"7(#( !- '1i% ;1--i-i((7#(, =1( "!;#$#% ;1/1%#6 9% $# ($/7# i-i$( B!1/6 9#$=##- ;#!;# =! /#;/#(#-$#6 $# !6!v#/-#-$ 1-6 $!(# =! =#/# ;7$ i- $# B!1/6 9%$# N1=1 S1/i' !v#/-#-$: N#"#((1/% -#= ($1 "!76 -!$ 9# i/#6 1-6, i- $# #-6, $# Di/#"$!/ =1(>/#6 1( # =1( (##- $! 9# $!! ;!i$i"1 i:#: $!! 7"
i- i-# =i$ $# ;/#vi!7( !v#/-#-$5:
Ti( "1(# ($76% i( 1 ;/i# #
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1 9#$$#/.;1i6 1-6 9#$$#/.#7i;;#6 "!;#$i$!/ $!=1$ =!76 -!/1% 9# !v#/-#-$/#(;!-(i9ii$i#(. T#% 1/# $#/#'!/# /#7"$1-$ $!1;;/!v# !' 1i6 ;1"?1#( $1$ i-v#($ #1vi% i- $#NGO (#"$!/ 1-6 i-!/# $# -##6( !' $#
!v#/-#-$1 ($/7"$7/#(: NGO( /#(;!-(# i( 7(71%$! 1""7(# $# !v#/-#-$ !' /##6i-#(( 1-6"!//7;$i!- i-($#16 !' 166/#((i- $#(# '#1/( '1"# !-:T#% 1"$i!- i( (ii1/ $! 1 "i6 1v!i6i- ;7-i(#-$'/! 1 ;1/#-$ 9#"17(# $#% ?-!= $#% 1/# $!! v1719#K NGO( 1/# =# 1=1/# $1$ $#% 1/# $#'1v!/i$#( !' $# i-$#/-1$i!-1 1i6 "!7-i$% 1-6 1"$i- $i( /#"?#(( i//#(;!-(i9# 1--#/:
I-$#/#($i-% #-!7, NGO( 1"$ivi$i#( 1v# 9##-7#($i!-#6: D#(;i$# $#i/ ;!;71/i$%, #-7i-#
"!-"#/-( 19!7$ $#i/ '7-"$i!-( 1v# 9##-("/7$i-i#6: T# i-$#/-1$i!-1 "1i $1$ NGO( 6!/#1% /#1" $# ;!!/, 1-6 6! (! i- 1 "!($.##"$iv#1-6 i--!v1$iv# =1% i( -!= 9#i- #v171$#6:T/16i$i!-1%, NGO( 1/# !!6 1$ 1?i- 9i "1i(,97$ #(( !!6 1$ "/i$i"1% #v171$i- $#i/1"i#v##-$(: M1-% NGO( (;#1? !' #v171$i!-,=#- 1 $#% 6! i( !-i$!/ =1$ $#% 6!:M!-i$!/i- i( #1(7/i- 1"$ivi$%K Ev171$i!- i(#1(7/i- i;1"$:
F7/$#/!/#, NGO( $#-6 $! 1?# 1 (!- 1-6 61-"#19!7$ $#i/ 71-$i>19# /#(7$( %#$ $# !/#i-$/i"1$# 1$$#/( !' i;!/$1-"# 1/# -##"$#6: I- $#;1($, 1-% #v171$i!-( !' NGO( 1( /#v!v#6 1/!7-6$# #"1-i"( !' $#i/ ;/!"#((#(K -79#/( !' ;#!;#$/1i-#6, 1!7-$( !' #7i;#-$ (7;;i#6 !/ -79#/1-6 61$#( !' =!/?(!;( #6: B7$ v#/% '#= NGO#v171$i!-( 1-(=#/ 7#($i!-( (7" 1( =1$ =1( $#71i$% !' !"1 ;1/$i"i;1$i!- H1( $# $1/#$ /!7;9#-#>$#6 '/! $# ;/!#"$ H1v# $# ;!!/#($ /!7;(i-"/#1(#6 $#i/ (#'./#i1-"# 1-6 "1;1"i$% $! 6#1
=i$ $# =!/6 1/!7-6 $#
T# /#1(!- 9#i-6 $i( 1"? !' 1$$#-$i!- i( -!$ 1(16i($i" !-# /i66#6 =i$ "!-(;i/1"i#(: R1$#/ $#(i;# "17(# '!/ $i( 1v!i61-"# i#( i- $# 6ii"7$%$! "#1/% #v171$# $# i;1"$ !' NGO =!/?: NGO(=!/? i- $# (!"i1 6#v#!;#-$ (#"$!/, =i" i( 1 !$!/# "!;i"1$#6 $1-, (1%, $# "!-($/7"$i!- !' $79#
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=#( !/ 9/i6#(: *!7 "1- #1(7/# $# i;1"$ !' 1-#=% "!-($/7"$#6 61, 97$ != 6! %!7 #1(7/# $#1$$1i-#-$ !' 1- !9#"$iv# i?# #;!=#/#-$ !' $#/7/1 ;!!/ !/ $# i;/!v##-$ !' $# (i$71$i!- !' =!#- 1-6 "i6/#-
Ti( /#"!-i$i!- 1( $/i#/#6 6!-!/( $! ($!;i-(i($i- !- i;1"$ #v171$i!-(, /#(7$i- i- i.$!7$ !7$ ;/!/1( (7" 1( $# RSDP, =i"i-v#($( !-#% i- 1 '#= 1/# !/1-i1$i!-( i- $#!;# $1$ i$ =i $/i"?# 6!=- $! $# ;!!/ ;#!;# !' P1?i($1-: T# #;1(i( !' -##6 1( $/1-('#//#6$!=1/6( ($/#(( !- "!-$/! 1-6 1""!7-$19ii$% i- $#NGO (#"$!/: D!-!/( -!= $1?# 1 !/# 1"$iv# /!# i-$i( ;/!"#67/#: T# $/7# 1i i( -!$ $! i;!(# !- $#=1% NGO( ?##; $#i/ 9!!?( /1$#/ $#% 1((i($ i-
#;i- >-6 =1%( $! 1((#(( 1"i#v##-$, =i$!7$"/#1$i- 1 !$ !' ;1;#/=!/? 1-6 7--#"#((1/%97/#17"/1"% $! #-(7/# $1$ 1i6 !-#% i( =i(#%7(#6:
5.5.3 !e "onors #ttitude
In *akistan, donors? attitude toward working style of $%&s is alsovery complex. They respond quite slow on reports and news such as
corruption and misappropriation of funds within their partners?
organisations. 6ontinuation of higher funding on recommendations of @consultants@ #most of the time friends of $%& owners' and withoutassessing the capacity of an organisation or evaluation of the previous
progress are ma!or causes. eak monitoring by the donors is another
factor that promotes corruption within $%&s. The $%&s take shelter by using western !argon such as autonomy to an organization,
participatory decisions or consensus etc. :ikeness and dislike ness to
fund $%&s and reluctancy to work with rural"based $%&s are other reasons that have bring the $%&"sector of *akistan at this situation.
,.,.* eneft& o' %ei&te%in !n N4O in !-1-"i1 1((i($1-"# '/!!v#/-#-$ 1#-"i#( 1-6 !"1, -1$i!-1 &i-$#/-1$i!-1 6!-!/(: O$#/ 9#-#>$( $1$ 1/# 9#i#v#6
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$! != '/! /#i($/1$i!- 1/# 7i61-"# 1-6 #; '/!/##v1-$ /#i($/1$i!- 17$!/i$i#(, "!-$/1"$( '7-6( 1-6(7;;!/$ '/! $# /##v1-$ 6#;1/$#-$(, $1< #-# 1-6 ;/!!$# "/#1$iv# (!7$i!-($! $# ;/!9#( $1$ 1/# 9#i- ;/!v#6 1( $! 9# 1 i-6/1-"# i- $#(!"i1 6#v#!;#-$, ;/i1/i% i- $# /#i!- !' A(i1 1-6 A'/i"1: I$ i( 1-!-.6#-!i-1$i!-1, i-$#/-1$i!-1 1#-"% =i" 1( 9/1-"#( 1-6i-6#;#-6#-$ 1ii1$#( i- 2 "!7-$/i#(: T# F!7-61$i!- 1vi- 1 (1($1, 1 1/# -79#/ !' "!.!;#/1$i- 1#-"i#( 1-6 $!7(1-6( !'
v!7-$##/( /#1"#( !7$ $! v7-#/19# ;!;71$i!- !- $!7/ "!-$i-#-$(,i//#(;#"$iv# !' $#i/ /1"#, /#ii!-, ;!i$i"1 ;#/(71(i!- !/ #-6#/: I-, i$ '7-6#6 20 ;/!#"$( i- 3 "!7-$/i#( 1-6 (;#-$ 88: ii!-:
;.1 So)%ce& o' -)n"inT# F!7-61$i!- /i(#( i$( '7-6i- $/!7
• B#i- $# '!7-6#/ 1-6 "1i/1- !' $# F!7-61$i!-, Hi(
Hi-#(( $# A1 @1- ;/!vi6#( $# F!7-61$i!- =i$
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T# '!7-61$i!- 1( i$( ($/!- /!!$( - 9!$ $# 6#v#!;#6 1-66#v#!; i- =!/6(: E-1-"i- #"1-i(( 1-6 91(i" (#/vi"#( =i##-19i- "!7-i$i#( $! 16!;$ ##"$iv# #1$ ;/1"$i"#(:
T# !1 !' $# '!7-61$i!-’( #1$ ;/!/1# i( $!1"i#v# (7($1i-19# i;/!v##-$ i- #1$ ($1$7( 1!-
v7-#/19# /!7;(, #(;#"i1% $# #!/1;i"1% /#!$#,=!#- !' "i69#1/i- 1#, 1-6 $# "i6/#- 7-6#/ >v#:F/## ($1-6i- "!7-i$%.91(#6 #1$ ;/!/1#(,(7;;!/$#6 9% $# '!7-61$i!- 1-6 !$#/ 6!-1/(, (7""##6#6i- 1"i#vi- #1$ i;/!v##-$( '!/ 1-6 ii$#6 $i# 1$1 /#1$iv#% != "1($: T# '!7-61$i!- -!= (7;;!/$(i-$#/v#-$i!-( $1$ 97i6 $# i-($i$7$i!-1 "1;1"i$% !' #1$ (%($# 9%
• S$/#-$#-i- 1-6 6#v#!;i- ;1/$-#/(i;(9#$=##- 1 ($1?#!6#/( '/! $# ($1$# $! $#
"!7-i$%:• P/!!$i- ;!i"% 6i1!7# 1-6 #"1-i(( $!
6#v#!; 1-6 (7($1i- #1$ (%($#( 1-6 (#/vi"#:
• D!"7#-$i- 1-6 6i((#i-1$i- 9#($ ;/1"$i!(:
T# '!7-61$i!- -!$ !-% =!/? $! ($/#-$#- #1$(%($#( 1-6 (#/vi"#( 97$ 1(! ;/!vi6# i-'!/1$i!- $!1v!i6 i-#((: T# '!7-61$i!- 1(! i;##-$( i-"!##-#/1$i- ($/1$#i#( $1$ 1!=( !7(#!6( 1-6"!7-i$i#( $! 1"7i/# 9#$$#/ -7$/i$i!- 1-6 #1$($1$7(:
;.*.2 E")c!tion@T# '!7-61$i!- 1( 1 1!/ !1 $! i;/!v# $# 71i$% !' 91(i" #67"1$i!- 9% 1 ;/!/1# !' /1-$( $!!v#/-#-$( 1-6 NGO(: I$( '!7/ !9#"$iv#( (#$ $# =i6#/1#-61 !' $# '!7-61$i!-
E-(7/i- 9#$$#/ #1/% #1//i- 1-6 #1/-i-
#-vi/!-#-$ '!/ %!7- "i6/#- I-"/#1(i- 1""#(( $! #67"1$i!-
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@##;i- "i6/#- i- ("!! !-#/
I-"/#1(i- #v#( !' 1"16#i" 1"i#v##-$(
T# '!7-61$i!- ;1%( (;#"i1 1$$#-$i!- $! $# i/(, $# v#/%;!!/ 1- #!/1;i"1% /#!$# ;!;71$i!- ;1/$i"71/%, $#'!7-61$i!- '!"7(#( !' '!7/ !' $# '1"$!/( $1$ 1$$#($ $#71i$% !' 91(i" #67"1$i!-:
T# !"1$i!- $ii- 1-6 "!-$#-$( !'
$#1"#/ $/1i-i-: P/!'#((i!-1 6#v#!;#-$ '!/ 1
"1$#!/i#( !' #67"1$!/( 1-6"1/#iv#/(:
T# /!# !' !v#/-#-$(, NGO(,
"!7-i$i#( 1-6 ;1/#-$( i- >-1-"i-1-6 1-1i- #67"1$i!-:
T# "7$7/1 1-6 #"!-!i" /##v1-"#
!' $# "7//i"77:
T# '!7-61$i!- (7;;!/$( $# #67"1$i!- ;/!#"$( 1( =# 1( i$($i71$#( $# 6#v#!;#-$ !' $# #67"1$i!- !' %!7-"i6/#-: T# '!7-61$i!- i( =!/?i- i- (7" #-vi/!-#-$=#/# 1-% $#1"#/( 1v# -! !/# $1- ;/i1/%.#v##67"1$i!- $#: T# '!7-61$i!- i( ;/!vi6i- $# $/1i-i-$/!7 /#(!7/"# "#-$#/(:
;.*.$ R)%! De#eop(ent@T# A1 @1- F!7-61$i!- i( "!i$$#6 $! /#67"i- /7/1;!v#/$%, ;1/$i"71/% i- /#(!7/"# ;!!/, 6#/16#6 !/ /#!$#
#-vi/!-#-$: I$ "!-"#-$/1$#( !- 1 (1 -79#/ !' ;/!/1#( !' (i-i>"1-$ ("1#: T#(# ;/!/1#($%;i"1% i-? ###-$( (7" 1( /7/1 (1vi- 1-6 "/#6i$,-1$7/1 /#(!7/"# 1-1##-$, ;/!67"$iv# i-'/1($/7"$7/#6#v#!;#-$, i-"/#1(#6 ;/!67"$ivi$% 1-6 71- (?i6#v#!;#-$: T# '!7-61$i!- 1( 1 ($/1$#% $! "/#1$# !/($/#-$#- 1- i-($i$7$i!-1 ($/7"$7/#: I$( $/1i-i-;/!/1#( #-1-"# $# ##"$iv#-#(( 1-6 (7($1i-19ii$% !' $# i-($i$7$i!-( 9% ;/!vi6i- $# 1-1##-$ 1-6 $#"-i"1(?i( $! ;1-, i;##-$ 1-6 1i-$1i- !"1 6#v#!;#-$1"$ivi$i#(: T# '!7-61$i!- i( 1(! $1?i- ($#;( '!/ $# =#'1/#!' /7/1 1/#1( (7" 1(
• I-"!# /!=$ i( ;/!!$#6 9% i-"/#1(i- 1/i"7$7/1;/!67"$ivi$% $/!7 i;/!v#6 '!/i- #$!6(,i-;7$ (7;;%, 1/?#$i-, 1-6 6#v#!;#-$ 1-61-1##-$ /#'!/( !/ 9% i-"/#1(i- !.'1/i-"!#(:
• L!"1 "1;i$1 i( !9ii#6 9% ;/!!$i- (1vi-( 1-66#v#!;i- >-1-"i1 (#/vi"#( $! #-19# 9/!16 1""#(($! "!-6i$i!- (7($1i-19# 91(i(:
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!;$i!-( 1-6 ;1i6 #((, i- (;i$# !' $# '1"$ $1$ $#% 1-1# !7(#!6, /1i(#"i6/#-, ;1(( ?-!=#6# $! $# -#
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=.0 CONCLUSION
T# 6i("7((i!- (! '1/ i$ 1;;#1/ $! i;% $1$ 1 NGO( 1/#;!i$i"1% 1"$iv#: Ti( i( !9vi!7(% -!$ $# "1(#, i//#(;#"$iv# !'
$# ;!i$i"1 (i$71$i!- !/ $# i((7# 7-6#/ "!-(i6#/1$i!-: A$ 1-%(;#"i>" ;!i-$ i- $i#, 1- NGO 1% 1v# i$$# "!-$1"$ =i$ $!(#=! 1/# -!$ #9#/(: O- $# !$#/ 1-6, 1 "1-# i- (!"i#$%$1$ i( (1i#-$ $! $# /!7; "1- !$iv1$# 1- i-$/!(;#"$iv# NGO$! #-1# i- (7($1i-#6 ;!i$i"1 1"$i!-: I$ i( "#/$1i-% -!$ $/7#$1$ 1 NGO( 1/# 1"$iv# i- !91 ;!i$i"(: I$ i( -!$ #v#- $/7#$1$ 1 NGO( 1$$#;$ $! i-7#-"# ;!i$i"( 1$ $# "!7-$/% #v#,i- $# -1//!= (#-(# !' 6i/#"$ #-1##-$ i- $# 6#91$# !v#/;79i" ;!i"%: H!=#v#/, ;!i$i"( 1% 1(! 9# (##-, !/# 9/!16%,1( $# ;/!"#(( 9% =i" 1-% (#$ !' ;#!;# /#1"#( 1 "!#"$iv#6#"i(i!-: Ti( #1-( $1$ 1$$#;$( 9% 1- NGO $! !9ii#
i-6ivi671( 1-6 "1-# $#i/ ;#/(!-1 9#1vi!/, $! =i- (7;;!/$'/! 1 /#ii!7( /!7; !/ 1 $/16# 7-i!-, !/ $! 1/$i"71$# $#i/ v17#( i- $# -#=( #6i1 1/# 1 '!/( !' ;!i$i"1 1"$i!-: L#1(%($#( 1% "1((i'% /1i(i- !-#% '!/ ;7/;!(#( (7" 1(;!v#/$% 1#vi1$i!-, 6i(1($#/ /#i#' !/ #-vi/!-#-$1"!-(#/v1$i!- 1( -!-.;!i$i"1, 97$ $# #1 6i($i-"$i!- 9#$=##-"1/i$19# 1-6 ;!i$i"1 1"$ivi$% i( 1=1%( 91(#6 !- 1- 1/9i$/1/%,i!i"1 1-6 "!-$/!v#/(i1 6#>-i$i!- !' ;!i$i"(: M1-% NGO( =i-!$ (## $#(#v#( 1( #-1i- 6i/#"$% i- ;79i" ;!i"%, 97$$#i/ 1"$ivi$i#( 1/# 1=1%( 1 (!"i1 #"1-"#: T#i;1"$ !' 1 ;1/$i"71/ NGO 1% v1/% 1"/!(( $i# 1-6 ;1"#, 1-6'/! !-# i((7# $! 1-!$#/, 97$ "!#"$iv#% NGO( #-#/1$# $#6%-1i"( !' ;!i$i"1 "1-#: # 1v# (##- $1$ $#/# i( !'$#-
1- 1((7;$i!- $1$ NGO( 1/# !;#/1$i- '!/ $# #-#/1 ;79i"!!6 !/ #v#- $1$ $#% 1/# ;/!/#((iv#: H!=#v#/, $#/# i( (7"6iv#/(i$% $! $# v17#( 16v!"1$#6 9% 6i#/#-$ NGO( $1$ $#%!;;!(# #1" !$#/, 1( =# 1( ;7$$i- ;/#((7/# !- !v#/-#-$(1-6 "!;1-i#(: M1-% =!#-( NGO( !;;!(# /#ii!7( NGO( !-7#($i!-( !' (#
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;#/(;#"$iv#( !- (7($1i-19# 6#v#!;#-$ '/! #1" !$#/: M1-%/16i"1 NGO( 1/# !($i# $! /#'!/i($ NGO( =! 1""#;$i-"/##-$1 "1-#: I$ i( -!$ !i"1% ;!((i9# '!/ 1-%9!6% $!(7;;!/$ 1 NGO( -!/ i-6##6 $! 9# !($i# $! 1 NGO(: M1-%!v#/-#-$ #16#/( #
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$# ;!i$i"1 ;1/$i#(, $# #6i1 1-6 (!"i#$% 1( 1 =!# ;7$7#($i!-( !- $# ;!i$i"1 1#-61, '!/71$# 1$#/-1$iv# ;!i"%;/!;!(1( 1-6 "/i$i"i# $# ;!i"% !' $# !v#/-#-$: O- $i(91(i(, 1-% NGO 1( 1 /i$ $! ;1/$i"i;1$#, !=#v#/ 1/# !/(1 1-6 !=#v#/ /#;/#(#-$1$iv# !/ 7-/#;/#(#-$1$iv# !' 1
;1/$i"71/ (#"$!/ !' (!"i#$% i$ 1% 9#: I-6##6, i- 9!$ 6!#($i"1-6 !91 ;!i$i"(, ;!i"%.1?i- "!76 -!$ 9# 6#!"/1$i"=i$!7$ $# 1"$iv# ;1/$i"i;1$i!- !' NGO(: N#v#/$##((, $#i/#i$i1$# /!# i- (7($1i-i- 1- i-6#;#-6#-$ "ivi (!"i#$% 6!#(-!$ iv# $# 1-% /i$ $! (7;;1-$ $# /!# !' !v#/-#-$(: