Post on 06-Jan-2018
description
GovernmentLatin America
Unitary- a state ruled by one central government
Central GovernmentsAll power is given to the one branch of government and local governments must follow the central government.
locallocal
locallocal
examples
Cuba Bolivia
True or False: In a unitary government, the national government could remove the governor of a state and pick a new one.
True
Confederation- A system in which regional governments are independent and have more power than the central government.
central
Some countries agree
that they would be better
able to solve problems or
provide help if they
worked together…
Why join a confederacy?They might sign a treaty
or a constitution under
which the countries agree
to defend each other,
trade with each other, use
a common currency, etc.Membership is usually voluntary & a country can decide to leave at any time.
examples
Bolivia, North Peru, and South Peru has a confederacy from 1836 to 1839. It didn’t last long!
NO PRESENT
DAY CONFEDERATE
GOVERNMENTS
IN LATIN
AMERICA
Disadvantages of confederate governments
• Often have little power because a high percentage of members must agree to decisions made.
• Individual countries can veto decisions.
• Changes in the constitution requires all members to agree…takes a long time.
• Confederations generally have a weak central government.
Federal- power is divided and shared between one central, regional, and local governments.
central
examplesMexico
Columbia Venezuela
Argentina Brazil
Facts about federal government
A document (such as a
constitution) may
describe the rights,
responsibilities, and
duties of the central
government & the
states.
Central government can be
powerful, but does not have
the ability to dissolve states
or choose state leaders.
Unitary Confederation Federal
A state ruled by one central government.
Regional governments are independent and have more power than the central government
Power is divided and shared between one central, regional, and local governments.
Central government holds all the power.
Regional ( local )Governments hold most of the power.
Central and local governments share the power.
Set uniform policies for a whole nation. Could make decision- making easy.
Countries can volunteer to be members. Countries agree on common bonds such as currency and trade.
Central and local governments work together. Local governments may still be able to create their own laws and choose their own leaders.
Federal government can appoint a local leader.
Decisions may take too long.Not all countries may agree.
Some state laws may cause conflict.
Definition
Who holds the power?
Advantage
Disadvantage
Citizen participation
What role do citizens play in their governments?
autocracy
Power is in the hands of a single person.
Absolute Power- citizens have no say in the laws. Citizens have no say in who
their leader is.( no elections )
Leaders are most likely chosen though bloodline.
Examples of autocratic governments in latin america
Cuba Fidel Castro ( right ) led Cuba from 1959-2008.
He stepped down due to failing health.
His brother Raul took his place and has been leading the country ever since.
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
Leaders are most likely chosen by and within the small group.
Power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.
example
Mexico
Enrique Peña Nieto
Brazil
Dilma Dilma Rousseff
Definition
citizenparticipation
examples
Autocracy Oligarchy DemocracyPower is in the hands of a single person.King/QueenDictatorTyrantDespot
Power is in the hands of a few people.
Power is vested in the people ( citizens ), who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.
Citizens have no say in the government or who becomes leader. ( No elections ). Leaders are chosen by bloodline.
Citizens have no say in the government or who become leader. Laws and leaders are decided among the small group.
Citizen conduct either a direct election or election through representatives. They also have a say in their government.
Cuba No known oligarchic governments. Many industries and corporations are run in an oligarchic system.
Brazil and Mexico
DIRECTAka- pure
democracyPeople vote
directly for a leader or a law.
Most common in smaller populated countries.
Examples:None in Latin America
REPRESENTATIVE People vote on
leaders and laws through a representative.
Used in large populated countries.
Examples:All democratic countries in Latin America
Two types of democracy
Presidentiala head of
government is also head of state and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.
Two types of Representative democracy
executive legislature
Citizens- through a representative
elect elect
President
Parliamentary
Two types of Representative democracy
executive
legislature
Citizens
elect
a system of government where power lies with the legislative body and the leader of the country is part of the legislature.
Prime Minister
The party with the most representatives elects
Presidential Chief Executive Head of State NOT HEAD OF LEGISLATURE Elected by citizens through
representative. President
Parliamentary Chief Executive NOT HEAD OF STATE Head of Legislature Elected by majority party in
Legislature who were elected by citizens.
Prime Minister
Compare and contrast
Examples in latin america
Blue- Presidential Democracies
Red- Parliamentary Democracies
What do the red countries have in common?
Democracy
Direct Representative
Presidential Parliamentary
Economics
Study of how societies decide: What to produce. How to produce it. How to
distribute what they produce.
Factors of Production
Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services.
Natural Resources
Gifts of nature that make production possible.
http://www.idahoforests.org/wood_you.htm
Scarcity
There are a limited amount of goods and services that are available to meet unlimited wants.
Trade
Exchange of goods and services.
Specialization
When people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they
can produce better than anyone else. They trade with countries that cannot make or provide that product. In return, they will receive products they cannot make or provide for themselves.
Import/Export
Import- Goods and services bought domestically but produced in other countries.
Export
Goods and Services sold to other countries.
Traditional Economy
The customs and habits of the past are used to decide what will be produced, how it will be produced, distributed and consumed.
Jobs are handed down from generation to generation.
Examples:
FarmersHuntersGatherersCraftsmen- potter, blacksmith, cooper, shearer, tanner.
Command Economy
Government planning groups make the basic economic decisions.
Government decides: What to produce How to produce Who to produce for. Prices. WagesGovernment owns and controls all factories, farms and businesses
Market Economy
Individual buyers and sellers determine.
What is produced How its produced Who to produce for. Individuals and corporations
own the businesses and competition determine prices and wages.
Examples: Mexico Brazil United States
Mixed economy
Almost all countries have characteristics of traditional, market and command economies.
Example Most countries have small
communities that barter and create their own products.
Most countries have individuals creating their own businesses and controlling their productions, distibutions and consumptions.
Most countries have their government create laws to protect both businesses and individuals.
Who owns businesses and farms?
Brazil Private citizens
and corporations. Government owns
the country’s steel industry.
Cuba Government owns
most of the businesses.
Very few farms are privately owned.
Who decides what to produce and how much to produce?Brazil Private citizens
and corporations.
Cuba Government
planners.
Who decides how goods and services will be produced?Brazil Private citizens
and corporations.
Cuba Government
planners.
Who decides on distribution methods for goods and services?Brazil Private citizens
and corporations.
Cuba Government
planners.
Who decides the prices on goods and services?Brazil Buyers an sellers
based on supply and demand.
Cuba Government
planners.
How are property rights protected?
Brazil Laws are in place,
but a poor court system is a problem for protecting property rights.
Cuba Since judges and
courts are controlled by the central government, very few ( if any ) property rights are allowed.
How difficult is it to start your own business?Brazil It’s a time-
consuming process. It could take months.
Cuba Very little private
ownership is allowed.
Trade barriers
What countries may do to limit trade.
Why would a country want to limit trade?
Tariff- a tax on imports
quota- specific limit placed on the number of imports that may enter a country
Embargo- a government order stopping trade with another country.