PRESENTED BY:RANJEET SINGH SACHIN ANAND

INTRODUTION

• Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage.

• GNSS allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line-of-sight by radio from satellites.

OBJECTIVE

• Study various navigation systems.

• Frequencies used by these systems

• Type of technologies used for the manufacturing of GNSS receivers

• C-Band consideration

• New GNSS receivers available in the market.

• Practical use of GNSS

GLOBAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

• Four types of Global Navigation Systems

1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

2. GLONASS

3. GALILEO

4. COMPASS

COMPARISON OF GNSS SYSTEMS

System Country CodingOrbital height & period

Number of satellites

Status

GPSUnited States

CDMA22,200km, 12.0h

≥ 24 operational

GLONASS Russia FDMA19,100km, 11.3h

20

operational with restrictions, CDMA in preparation

Galileo Europe CDMA23,222km, 14.1h

≥ 27in preparation

Compass China CDMA21,150km, 12.6h

>30in preparation

PRINCIPLE OF GPS

WORKING

FREQUENCIES USED

• GPS: L1 - (1575.42MHz)(C/A, P(Y), L1M), L2 - (1227.60MHz)(P(Y), L2C, L2M), L3 – (1381.05MHz)(Used by NUDET), L5 – (1176.45MHz) (New civilian (safety-of-life) signal)

• GLONASS: L1 - (1602.2MHz)(FDMA Civilian & Military),L2 -(1246.00MHz)(FDMA Civilian & Military)

• GALILEO: L1- (1575.42MHz), E5- (1189MHz), E6-(1278.75)

• COMPASS: E1 - (1589 MHz), E2 - (1561 MHz), E5b - (1207 MHz) & E6 - (1268 MHz)

GNSS RECEIVER TECHNOLOGIES• GNSS receiver technology has changed dramatically since the first

reception of a GPS signal

• The core of a modern receiver is contained in one or more highly sophisticated chips that perform all the receiver’s tasks, starting with signal processing, followed by positioning, and often ending at application processing.

• Four technologies:

1. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)

2. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)

3. Digital signal processors (DSPs)

4. General purpose processors (CPUs)

Technology Development Performance Power Consumption

Single Unit Cost

Flexibility

ASIC - - ++ ++ ++ - -

FPGA - ++ + - +

DSP/CPU ++ +/++ +/- - +/- ++

GNSS RECEIVER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON

C(4-8 GHz)/L(1-2 GHz) Band Consideration

• All GNSS signals operate in the crowded L-band portion of the radio frequency spectrum

• In the past C-band spectrum has been considered and rejected due to: - higher free space losses due to limitations on the higher signal frequency. -increase signal attenuation of C-band signals due to heavy rains or indoors.

• Reason of consideration: - Much smaller ionospherical errors for standard single frequency applications. - Decrease payload

GR-3GNSS-RECEIVER

GSR2700 GNSS

GSR2700 GNSS

Number of Channels 72 Universal Channels

Signals Tracked:GPS

GLONASS

GALILEO

L1, L1 CA, L1 P, L2, L2 C, L2 P, L5L1, L1 CA, L1 P, L2, L2 CA, L2 Pall signals

Antenna Type Integrated Micro-Center on Flat Ground Plane

Cellular Communications

Integrated via SIM Card, GSM/GPRS

Wireless Communications

Integrated Bluetooth version 1.2

Operating Temperature

–20°C to 50°C

Environmental Specification

waterproof/dustproof

Number of channels

72 universal channels

GPSGLONASS

L1, L2, L5 L1, L2

Antenna Type Internal Pinwheel GNSS antenna

Memory 64 MB standard, upgradeable to 2 GB

Cellular Communications

Integrated via SIM Card, GSM/GPRS

Operating Temperature

-40°C to +65°C

Environmental Specification

waterproof/dustproof

GR-3GNSS-RECEIVER

CASE STUDIES

1. DETECTION OF POSITION OF

TRAIN INSIDE TUNNELS

2. LANDMINES DETECTION

DETECTION OF POSITION OF TRAIN INSIDE TUNNELS

OUTSIDE TUNNEL

INSIDE TUNNEL

LANDMINE DETECTION

INTERNAL VIEW OF ROBOT

APPLICATIONS

•Automobiles

•Aircraft

•Boats and ships

•Spacecraft

•Precise time reference

•Skydiving

CONCLUSION

• GNSS will be very exciting over the next ten years where more than 70 positioning satellites will be available.

• New technologies for receiver designing

• C band is taken in consideration

REFERENCES

[1]. Guente R W. HeIN, THOMAS PANy, STefAN WALLNeR, JONG-HOON WON , “Platforms for a future GNSS Receiver” UnIversIty FAF MUnIch

[2]. Glen Gibbons, “GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass: What GNSS Race”.

[3]. India signs GLONASS agreement http://www.rin.org.uk/pooled/articles/BF_NEWSART/view.asp?Q=BF_NEWSART_156825

[4]. “Boost to Galileo sat-nav system". BBC News. 25 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5286200.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-10

[5]. "JAXA Quasi-Zenith Satellite System". JAXA. http://qzss.jaxa.jp/is-qzss/qzss_e.html Retrieved 2009-02-22

[6].Andreas Schmitz,”Architecture for a future C-band/L-band GNSS Mission”,P[1-2]

[7]. Vialite,”GPS signal Re-Radiating in tunnel network”, PPM Ltd, 65 Shrivenham Hundred Business Park, Watchfield, Swindon, Wiltshire SN6 8TY, UK,P[2-4]

[8]. Topcon,”GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO+COMPASS”, www.topcon.eu,P[2-3]

[9]. www.novatel.com\gnss-750

[10]. Two DeLorme Drive Yarmouth,” GPS Module Antenna and RF Design Guidelines”, www.delorme.com

[11]. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNSS