GILDED AGE CULTUREGILDED AGE CULTURE

Unit VICUnit VIC

AP United States HistoryAP United States History

Gilded Age Religion► American Christians

focused values toward consequences of industrialization and urbanization Social Gospel

► Increases Catholics, Jews

► New Christian Sects Christian Science

► Spiritual life over material Pentecostals

► Baptism in spirit; speaking in tongues

Salvation Army Jehovah’s Witnesses

► Millenialist

Temperance and Reform► Alcohol and vices blamed for

urban problems► Regulating Morality

Comstock Law (1873)

► Temperance Organizations National Prohibition Party

(1869) Women’s Christian

Temperance Union (WCTU) (1874)

► Frances E. Willard Antisaloon League (1893) Carrie Nation

► “Hatchetations”

► Reform Groups Planned parenthood Humane societies Anti-prostitution

Gilded Age Academics► Educational Reforms

Compulsory Education► Most states required 8-14 year olds

to attend schools Kindergartens Public Education

► Dramatic increase in high schools and adult education

► Comprehensive education► Led to 90% literacy rate

Colleges and Universities► Increased through federal legislation

and philanthropy► Science

Darwin and Natural Selection (Evolution) Technological Innovation

► Social Sciences Scientific method applied to behavioral

sciences Development of psychology, sociology,

political science► William James’s Principles of Psychology

Gilded Age Entertainment and Leisure► Causes

Urbanization, less working hours, advertisements

► Vaudevilles Popularized with family-friendly

subjects and material

► Saloons► Amusement Parks

Coney Island

► Circus P.T. Barnum

► Sports Spectator

► Baseball, boxing, football, basketball

Amateur► Golf, tennis

Realism and Naturalism

► Realism Objective reality Depict accurate and

true characters and settings

Absent of emotional embellishment

► Naturalism Depiction of objects

in natural settings Time and place

accuracy Brooklyn Bridge at NightEdward Willis Redfield1909

Gilded Age Art

► Ashcan School Depiction of New York

City urban life George Bellows

► James M. Whistler► Winslow Homer► Mary Cassatt

Both Members of This ClubGeorge Bellows1909

Winslow Homer’s Breezing Up

George Bellow’s New York

James Whistler’s Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (Whistler’s Mother) (1871)

Mary Cassat’s The Child’s Bath (1893)

Gilded Age Architecture► Victorian Influence

Henry Hobson Richardson

► Louis Sullivan “Father of

Skyscrapers” “form follows

function”► Frank Lloyd Wright

“organic architecture”

► Foursquare Homes

Richardson’s Trinity Church

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater

Foursquare Home

Gilded Age Press and Literature► Press

Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World & William Randolph Hearst► Sensationalism and scandals

Magazines► Editorial style based on investigative journalism► Forum

► Non-Fiction Toward facts, investigations, American expansion Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor (1881) Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power on History

(1890) Josiah Strong’s Our Country

► Literature Authors focused on character development and realism over

plot Lewis Wallace

► Ben-Hur: A Tale of Christ Mark Twain

► The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn► The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today

Stephen Crane► The Red Badge of Courage

Jack London► The Call of the Wild; White Fang

Gilded Age Music► Mainstream Music

John Philip Sousa – The March King► The Washington Post► Stars and Stripes Forever► Semper Fidelis

Screamers – Circus Marches► Entry of the Gladiators► Circus Bee

► Popular Music Ragtime

► Originated from black communities combining African syncopation and classical music

► Scott Joplin Maple Leaf Rag The Entertainer

The Blues► Originated c. 1890 from Deep South

based on ballads among slaves► Lyrics mostly soulful and melancholy