GEOGRAPHY BASICSLocation/Maps/

Regions/Geography Terms

GEOGRAPHY BASICS

Location

Maps & Globes

The Concept of Region

Geography Terms

LOCATION Place Names

– labels for locations– toponyms

Relative Location– location relative to other locations– situation

Exact Location– geographic grid (38 °N 120 °W)

latitude & longitude

– site

Location/Geographic Grid

Location– relative, exact, place names

Geographic Reference Points– Equator– North and South Poles

Geographic Grid– Latitude & Longitude

Latitude

GEOGRAPHIC GRID Equator - A circle that divides the

globe into two equal halves or hemispheres of north and

south. Located at 0 ° latitude

GEOGRAPHIC GRID

North and South Poles - located at right angles or 90° from the plane

of the equator. 90

0

Parallels are circularlines used to indicate latitude

Meridians are arcsused to indicate longitude

Prime Meridian: The meridian, designated as 0° E, W longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

International Date Line: An arc that follows 180° longitude E,W. When crossing the date line, the calendar is turned forward or backward one day, depending on direction of travel.

Longitude is angular measurement east and west of England

Latitude is angular measurement north and south of the equator

GEOGRAPHY BASICS

Location

Maps & Globes

The Concept of Region

Geography Terms

MAPS & GLOBES Tools of the Geographer –

– Globes – round models of the earth– Maps – flat representations of the earth – Remote Sensing Images

Photographic Satellite collection of data Geographic Information Systems

MAPS Map: flat representations of a globe

SCALE

Scale: the size relationship between what the map shows and actual distance on the groundLarge scale =

small areaSmall scale=

large area

SCALE Scale: the relationship between units on the

map and actual distance on the ground

Written Scale: one inch equals one mile

Linear or Graphic Scale: |---------|---------|----------|

Ratio Scale (representative fraction): 1:63,360

GEOGRAPHY BASICS

Location

Maps & Globes

The Concept of Region

Geography Terms

THE CONCEPT OF REGION

THE CONCEPT OF REGION

Worlds within worlds Areas with unifying characteristics Regions may be large or small

– continental or local– ie. World regions, countries, local regions

Subregions– regions within regions

THE CONCEPT OF REGION

Regions may be– economic– environmental– historical– cultural

other ideas?

THE CONCEPT OF REGION

Formal Regions - clear definitive regions– ie.city administrative region

Functional Regions - regions that facilitate interaction between regions– positive linkages & conflicts– ie. ethnic regions

World Culture Regions

GEOGRAPHY BASICS

Location

Maps & Globes

The Concept of Region

Geography Terms

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Hearth: The region from which a

phenomenon originates; a center of innovation.

Distance Decay: The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

Diffusion: The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people or technology from one region to another.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

Spatial Interaction: The movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

Acculturation: The modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more prevalent culture.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

Assimilation: Complete integration with dominant culture. Loss of distinguishing characteristics of original culture are lost with the second generation or later. The child will be assimilated, while the parents from another culture will acculturate.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution

– The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth’s surface.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

Distribution includes:Density: How many of something exists

within a given unit of area.

Concentration: clusters or groupings of something.

Pattern: The geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.