GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location/Maps/ Regions/Geography Terms.
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Transcript of GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location/Maps/ Regions/Geography Terms.
GEOGRAPHY BASICSLocation/Maps/
Regions/Geography Terms
GEOGRAPHY BASICS
Location
Maps & Globes
The Concept of Region
Geography Terms
LOCATION Place Names
– labels for locations– toponyms
Relative Location– location relative to other locations– situation
Exact Location– geographic grid (38 °N 120 °W)
latitude & longitude
– site
Location/Geographic Grid
Location– relative, exact, place names
Geographic Reference Points– Equator– North and South Poles
Geographic Grid– Latitude & Longitude
Latitude
GEOGRAPHIC GRID Equator - A circle that divides the
globe into two equal halves or hemispheres of north and
south. Located at 0 ° latitude
GEOGRAPHIC GRID
North and South Poles - located at right angles or 90° from the plane
of the equator. 90
0
Parallels are circularlines used to indicate latitude
Meridians are arcsused to indicate longitude
Prime Meridian: The meridian, designated as 0° E, W longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
International Date Line: An arc that follows 180° longitude E,W. When crossing the date line, the calendar is turned forward or backward one day, depending on direction of travel.
Longitude is angular measurement east and west of England
Latitude is angular measurement north and south of the equator
GEOGRAPHY BASICS
Location
Maps & Globes
The Concept of Region
Geography Terms
MAPS & GLOBES Tools of the Geographer –
– Globes – round models of the earth– Maps – flat representations of the earth – Remote Sensing Images
Photographic Satellite collection of data Geographic Information Systems
MAPS Map: flat representations of a globe
SCALE
Scale: the size relationship between what the map shows and actual distance on the groundLarge scale =
small areaSmall scale=
large area
SCALE Scale: the relationship between units on the
map and actual distance on the ground
Written Scale: one inch equals one mile
Linear or Graphic Scale: |---------|---------|----------|
Ratio Scale (representative fraction): 1:63,360
GEOGRAPHY BASICS
Location
Maps & Globes
The Concept of Region
Geography Terms
THE CONCEPT OF REGION
THE CONCEPT OF REGION
Worlds within worlds Areas with unifying characteristics Regions may be large or small
– continental or local– ie. World regions, countries, local regions
Subregions– regions within regions
THE CONCEPT OF REGION
Regions may be– economic– environmental– historical– cultural
other ideas?
THE CONCEPT OF REGION
Formal Regions - clear definitive regions– ie.city administrative region
Functional Regions - regions that facilitate interaction between regions– positive linkages & conflicts– ie. ethnic regions
World Culture Regions
GEOGRAPHY BASICS
Location
Maps & Globes
The Concept of Region
Geography Terms
GEOGRAPHY TERMS Hearth: The region from which a
phenomenon originates; a center of innovation.
Distance Decay: The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
Diffusion: The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people or technology from one region to another.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
Spatial Interaction: The movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
Acculturation: The modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more prevalent culture.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
Assimilation: Complete integration with dominant culture. Loss of distinguishing characteristics of original culture are lost with the second generation or later. The child will be assimilated, while the parents from another culture will acculturate.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution
– The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth’s surface.
GEOGRAPHY TERMS
Distribution includes:Density: How many of something exists
within a given unit of area.
Concentration: clusters or groupings of something.
Pattern: The geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.