Table of Contents1. Ser 2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expressions5. El Pretérito and Trigger Words6. Car, Gar, y Zar7. Spock 8. Cucaracha 9. Snake10. Snakeys11. Affirmative Commands12. Negative Commands13. DOPs14. IOPs

SerDescription

Origin

Characteristics

Time

Occupation

Relationship

PossessionEvent

Date

Estar

Rules!!

1.Ar to ando2.Er and ir to iendo or

yendo

Verbs like Gustar

• These verbs follow the same conjugation as gustar with doler having an e stem changer.

1. Faltar- to lack2. Doler- to hurt3. Fascinar- to fascinate4. Molestar- to bother

Hacer Time Expressions

• Hace=Time• Que=Verb• Present Tense is since and for.• Preterite Tense is ago.

El Pretérito y Trigger Words

• It is a definite time in the past

• Ex: Ayer, Anoche, El año pasado, La semana pasada, Ante ayer

Cont’d Preterito

Er/ir Ar

-i/-imos

iste/isteisio/ieron

-e/-amos -aste/-asteis -o/-aron

El Pretérito Irregulars

• There are 3 types of irregular preterito verbs and they are:

Car, Gar, y ZarCucarachaSpock

Car, Gar, Zar

Car Gar Zar-qué -camos

-caste casteís

-có -caron

-gué -gamos

-gaste -gasteís-gó -garon

-cé -zamos

-zaste -zasteís

-zo -zaron

Spock Irregulars

• 1. ir y ser• 2.dar y ver• 3.hacer• Each group is conjugated the same

Spock

IR

SER

DAR

VER

H

A

CE

R

IR- to go SER- to be

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste Fuisteís

Fue Fueron

DAR- to give

VER- to see

I Imos

Iste Isteís

Io Ieron

HACER….

TO MAKE OR DO

Hice Hicimos

Hiciste Hicisteís

Hito Hicieron

Cucaracha• -e -imos• -iste -isteis• -o -ieron

• Andar- aduv• Estar- estuv• Poder- pud• Poner- pus• Querer- quis• Saber- sup• Tener- tuv• Venir- vin

Snakes

• The stem change occurs only in 3rd person.• The stem change is to opposite vowel with the

first vowel.

Dormi

Dormiste

Durmio

Dormimos

Dormisteis

Durmieron

Snakeys

• In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”.

lei

leiste

leyo

Leimos

leisteis

leyeron

. Affirmative Commands

1. Put verb in ‘yo’ form2. Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a3. If plural add an n4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVE

Negetive Commands

• Instead of putting the DOP at the end of the verb, put it before it.

DOPs

• Answers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb.

• DOPs are : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos• You must have a DOP in order to have an IOP,

however in a sentence you always put the IOP behind the DOP.

IOPs

• Answers the question to whom or for whom. • IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.

Se Impersonal

• Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.

• When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person

• Se can be used in all tenses

Past Participles

• Add-ado for-ar verbs• Add-ido for-ir/-er verbs• Has to agree with nouns they modify in

gender and number.

Irregular Past Participles

Abrir-abierto resolver-resueltoCubrir-cubierto romper-rotoDecir-dicho ver-vistoEscribir-escrito volver-vueltoFreir-fritoHacer-hechoMorir-muertoPoner-puesto

El futuro

• Infinitive+Ending• Endings are all the same for ar/er/ir verbseasaemoseisan

Iregular Futuro

• Decir-dir• Hacer-har• Poder-podr• Querer-querr• Saber-sabr• Salir-saldr• Tener-tendr• Valer-valdr• Venir-vendr

Extended el futuro

• Ir + A + Infinitive (going to do something)

Adjectivos Demonstratives

• Put in front of the noun it modifies• Make sure it agrees with number and gender

Singular Plural

Este/Esta Estos/Estas

Ese/Esa Esos/Esas

Aquel/Aquella Aquellos/Aquellas

Mandatos Formales

• AR-put in the yo form/ drop the o and add the e

• ER-put in the yo form/ drop the o add the a

• IR- put in the yo form/ drop the o and add the a

Affirmative&Negative MandatosAffirmativos Negativos

Di Tengas

Haz Vengas

Ve Des/Digas

Pon Vayas

Sal Seas

Se Hagas

Ten Estses

Ven Sepas

Modal Verbs

• Ir + a + infinitive - going to do something• Poder + infinitive- are able to do something• Qurer + infinitive- want to do something• Deber + infinitive- should do something• Tener que + infinitive- to have to do something

Reflexives

• - in front of the conjugated verb• - attached to the infinitive• - attached to the present participle• - attached to an affirmative command• Reflexive Pronouns: me, te, se, nos, os, se• Reflexive Verbs: acostarse, afeitarse, bañarse,

cepillarse, ducharse, llamarse, ponerse, vestirse.

Saber vs. Conocer

• Saber is used to express knowledge of information

• Conocer is used to express knowledge of a person, place, thing, etc.