From Bacteria to PlantsPages 8-13

Anton von Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria when he observed scrapings of his teeth.

Bacteria come in 3 basic shapes Cocci which looks like sphere Spirillum which looks like spiral Bacillus which looks like a rod

They are considered to be living because they are made up of cells.

Here is a typical bacterial cell

Ribosomes make proteins Flagellum = movement Capsule = prevents drying Chromosome = genetic material

• Bacteria are Bacteria are prokaryotesprokaryotes, which , which means they lack a means they lack a nucleusnucleus..

•Some bacteria Some bacteria have features such have features such as a as a capsulecapsule, , slime slime layerlayer or or flagellaflagella to to help them survive help them survive in unfavorable in unfavorable environments.environments.

Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission)•Involves 1 parent

•Offspring are identical to the parent

•Often do this through fission: a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation) Involves 2 parents, combination of

both parents’ genetic material Creates a New Organism▪ Results in bacteria with new

combination of genetic material▪ Doesn’t increase the number of

bacteria▪ Increase kinds of bacteria

Can either be autotrophs or heterotrophs Most are consumers Breakdown food in a process called

respiration

Eubacteria Live almost everywhere Most are useful or harmless Some cause disease (tetanus & strep

throat) Help maintain some of Earth’s conditions

Archaebacteria Found in extreme conditions

Bacteria BrainPop

Some ways bacteria are good for us Make antibiotics Produce vitamins Aid in digestion of food Recycle materials Used for fuel In foods Clean up waste (pollutants) Make cleansers

Some ways bacteria are bad for us Pathogens = cause disease Produce toxins = poisons

Infectious Disease: Disease caused by virus, bacteria, protist, or fungi AND spreads.

Vaccines can be effective against preventing bacterial diseases.

Bacterial diseases CAN be treated with antibiotics.

Pasteurization = heating a liquid to kill the bacteria.