Post on 14-Jan-2016
Free Earth Observation Data on a Global Scale
Gilberto CâmaraGeneral DirectorNational Institute for Space ResearchBrazil
The fundamental question of our time
fonte: IGBP
How is the Earth’s environment changing, and what are the consequences for human civilization?
Global Change
Where are changes taking place? How much change is happening? Who is being impacted by the change?
Global Land Project•What are the drivers and dynamics of variability and change in terrestrial human-environment systems?
•How is the provision of environmental goods and services affected by changes in terrestrial human-environment systems?
•What are the characteristics and dynamics of vulnerability in terrestrial human-environment systems?
Impacts of global land change
More vulnerable communities are those most at risk
Earth observation satellites provide key information about
global land change
EO data: benefits to everyoneEO data: benefits to everyone
CBERS-2 image of Manaus
Slides from LANDSATAral Sea
Bolivia
1975 1992 2000
1973 1987 2000
source: USGS
Charles launches campaign to save ravaged rainforests
Prince Charles will this week join the battle against climate change by launching an organisation which calls for a new green economics that recognises the world's rainforests are worth more alive than dead.
Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon emissions, an output second only to energy production.
October 21 2007
Source: Carlos Nobre (INPE)
Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon
emissions (Prince Charles)
How does anyone know?
“Despite solid improvements by scientists in monitoring deforestation, the uncertainties are still substantial”. (Science, 27 April 2007)
Science, 30 march 2007
NASA’s mission formerly began with “To understand and protect our home planet…”. Those words have now been replaced with “Pioneering the future…”. The aim of better exploring the moon and Mars has attractions, but we agree with the sentiment “The planet that has to matter most to us is the one we live on.”
Growth of Space Government Investments(2002-2006)
source: EUROCONSULT
Costs of EO satellites x benefits from EO data
ENVISAT sat: US$ 3 billionENVISAT images: US$ 5 million/year
The root of the crisis: Budgets of EO satellites
Cost (US$ Million)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
SPOT-4 RADARSAT-1 LANDSAT-7 ENVISAT
The root of the crisis: Deliverables of EO satellites
Images delivered per year for civilian costumers (estimates)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
SPOT-4 RADARSAT-1 LANDSAT-7 ENVISAT
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
LANDSAT-5 1984
LANDSAT-8 2012
SPOT-4 1998
SPOT-5 2002
CBERS-2 2003
CBERS-2B 2007
CBERS-3 2010
IRS-P6 2003
IRS-P6/2 2008
Land Remote Sensing: 20 to 50 meter resolution
public commercial
India’s ResourceSat and the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) might be good sources of useful data to substitute for the loss of Landsat data during this period (pg. 37)
August 2007
What did we learn from our fathers?
A penny saved is a penny earned
The Anti-Uncle Scrooge Principle
A pixel unused is a penny wasted
LANDSAT data archive (USGS)
Uncle Scrooge and the Internet
Value comes from use!
The Internet has reduced the cost of data distribution to zero!
What is a public good?
Non-rival ...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense
that each individual's consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that good... (Samuelson)
Non-excludableit is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good
Pictures are documents of culture (public goods)
Turner, “Snowstorm” (Tate Gallery, London)
Images are public goods
Rondonia, Brazil
19861975
1992
CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)
CBERS:satellites for the public good
Number of full CCD scenes distributed (145 Mb/scene)
360,000
Number of institutions and companies
14,500
CBERS Image Distribution in Brazil (05/2004- 08/2007)
Images delivered per year (estimate)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
SPOT-4 RADARSAT-1 LANDSAT-7 ENVISAT CBERS-2
Time to respond an image request
9 minutes
User Distribution(%)
Government Institutions 23%
Educational Sector 26%
Private Companies 51%
“CBERS brought the freedom to have data immediately available when you need it.”
Private Farm Management
What do the private companies say
about free CBERS data?
Enables new business development
Facilitates trial uses for new clients
Planning new applications becomes easier
Creates jobs by reducing cost of data buys
Increases quality by adding data previously unavailable
USGS/EROS Data Center EOS Polar Ground NetworkInternational Cooperators (Landsat 5 & Landsat 7) IC (Landsat 7 only)LTAP+ Station (University of Puerto Rico) IC (Landsat 5 only) (Ar Riyad, Saudi Arabia)Campaign Station (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
LANDSAT Ground Station Network
CBERS as a global satellite
CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land mass between 300N and 300S
A vision for the future
A constellation of satellites will provide free global land imaging for all countries on Earth
The Group on Earth Observations, GEO, is leading a worldwide effort to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS.
Terrestrial
Airborne
Near-Space
LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned Spacecraft
Far-Space
L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS & CommercialSatellites
Dep
loyab
le
Perm
an
en
t
Forecasts & Predictions
Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns
User Community
Vantage Points
Capabilities
Will the Global Earth Observation System of Systems be based on free and open
data policies?
TERRA (ASTER & MODIS)
LANDSAT
SPOT
ALOS
RESOURCESAT
IRS
CBERS
A Potential Land Surface Imaging Constellation
SAC-C
Source: Daniel Vidal-Madjar (France)
What can we achieve?
There is an enormous demand for remote sensing data in the world
Free on-line data access will significantly increase the number of users of earth observation data
Free data will lead to a much better understanding of the global Earth System
One world, one dream...
Free Earth Observation data for all!