Major Dr Inam Danish KhanMedical Officer

Nehru Institute of Mountaineering

FIRST AID

BUT WHY DO I NEED TO LEARN FIRST AID

How does it feel if you lose a loved one?

DON’T STAND IN SHOCK

RESPECT LIFEPARTICIPATE IN SAVING LIVES

FIRST AID

First Aid is the initial assistance

given to a casualty from the

moment of the accident until

availability of specialized medical

care by a doctor.

THE HUMAN BODYROCKET SCIENCE IS EASY

IF YOU DARE THINK ABOUT HUMAN BODYIt is a complex real life playground.A thousand structures with varied functions. A billion biomolecules and a million reactions.Still counting on doctors for the unexplored.Entropy does not increase - Open system.Laws of physics are applied as well as defied.

RobotHuman

HUMAN VS ROBOTSee, Hear, Smell, TasteWalk, Eat, Drink, Speak, Breathe, CryFeel touch, temperature, pain, vibrationFeel good or bad if you talk about it in third personEmote (Show fear, anger, sadness, happiness, love)Study to become wise, Give a lectureMake friendsHave recollections of its past or plan its future Apply logic and reason situations to decideThinkMemorizeReproduceGrow

Can a Robot?

HUMAN VS ROBOT

ORGAN SYSTEMS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PROLOGUEFirst Aid : Definition, types and duties

Disasters and Triage

Vital signs of life : Pulse, Temp, BP, Resp

Life Support : Artificial Respiration & CPR

Casualty Evacuation

FIRST AIDAIM

1. Preserve life

2. Prevent worsening of condition

3. Promote recovery

CARDINAL RULES

4. Ladies to be examined in attendance

5. Never label a person “Malingerer”

3. Benefit of doubt goes to the patient

TYPES OF FIRST AID1. Basic First Aid

2. Wilderness/ Outdoor First Aid

3. Mountain/ High Altitude First Aid

4. Military/ Battlefield First Aid

5. Aquatic/ Marine First Aid

6. Hyperbaric/ Diving First Aid

DUTIES OF FIRST AIDER 1. Assess condition quickly 2. Check your safety3. Call for help4. Protect others from danger 5. Prioritise – Do triage6. Give prompt first aid7. Arrange casualty evacuation8. Remain with the patient till attended by

doctor and help him afterwards

DISASTER

MAN-MADE1. Fires2. Firearms3. Air, Water4. Rail, Road5. Industrial6. Explosions7. Building collapse8. Atomic bombs9. Terrorist Attacks

NATURAL1. Earthquakes/landslides2. Avalanche3. Volcanoes4. Tornado/Hurricanes5. Floods6. Fires7. Tsunami8. Meteors

A disaster is present when need exceeds resources!MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT

TRIAGE Triage is the dynamic process of

prioritizing casualties for treatment

and evacuation of the wounded

within the limitations of the situation

and resources

TRIAGEPRIORITIES

1. You - Get out of danger

2. Life – Check ABC, stop bleeding

3. Disability - Limb/Eye sight

APPROACH

1. People walking to you – Least priority (Priority 3)

2. People who can move but can’t walk – Priority 2

3. No action – Cry for help (Priority 1)

VITAL SIGNS OF LIFE1. Breathing 12-20

breaths/min

2. Pulse 60-100 beats/min

3. Bld pressure 100/60 - < 140/90 mm Hg

4. Temperature 370C 98.6 F

5. Capillary return 2-3 seconds

6. Cyanosis

BREATHING

Don’t tell the patient

Observe chest movements

abdominal movements

Put your ears to nose

Normally 12-20/min

Can increase in mountains

PULSE

CAROTID PULSE

PULSE

BLOOD PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE1. Below tongue

2. Axilla in kids

370C 98.6 F

Pulse increases with

increasing temperature

CAPILLARY RETURN

Assess blood supply in limbs

Check at fingers and toes of both sides

Normal capillary return 2-3 secs

CYANOSISBluish discoloration of body

Reduced oxygen in blood

First seen in nail beds, ear lobes, lips

If tongue goes blue – life threatening

Never smoke at higher altitudes

LIFE SUPPORT

A – AIRWAY & NECK FRACTURE

B – BREATHING & CYANOSIS

C – CIRCULATION & BLEEDING CONTROL

D – DYSFUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

E – EXPOSURE & EVACUATION

LIFE SUPPORTA – Talk with patient --- Head tilt and chin lift

B – Check rate of breathing and cyanosis

C – Check pulse, BP and capillary return

Bleeding – Pressure, elevate, bandage

D – Eye/Speech/Body Movements A- Alert V- Response to Voice P- Response to Pain

U- Unresponsive

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATIONRequired when patient is not breathing

Exhale air in a patients chest

Mouth to Mouth

Mouth to Nose

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

Revive the cardio-respiratory system

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

Chest Thump

Give 15 chest compressions

Give 2 mouth to mouth breaths

15:2 ratio to be followed

Continue for 15/45 mins

CASUALTY EVACUATIONPRINCIPLES OF EVACUATION

1. Evacuate only if fit for evacuation

2. Foresee peak evacuation period and be prepared

3. Priority for more seriously ill

4. Due care during evacuation

CAS EVAC

Evacuation done by non medical people

MED EVAC

Specialised evacuation by trained medical personnel

SINGLE PERSON HELP

SUPPORT CARRY SADDLEBACK CARRY ARMS CARRY

FIREMAN’S LIFT PACKSTRAP CARRY

SINGLE PERSON HELP

TWO MAN SUPPORT CARRY

TWO MAN ARMS CARRY

TWO PERSON HELP

FOUR HAND SEAT CARRY

FORE & AFT LIFT CARRY

TWO PERSON HELP

IMPROVISED STRETCHERS

GUNNY BAG BLANKET BELTS

SHIRTS

GROUND SHEET

ROPE

IMPROVISED STRETCHERS

AIR AMBULANCE

Questions

Thank you