FIRST AID (BASICS & CPR)-Maj Dr ID Khan
Transcript of FIRST AID (BASICS & CPR)-Maj Dr ID Khan
Major Dr Inam Danish KhanMedical Officer
Nehru Institute of Mountaineering
FIRST AID
BUT WHY DO I NEED TO LEARN FIRST AID
How does it feel if you lose a loved one?
DON’T STAND IN SHOCK
RESPECT LIFEPARTICIPATE IN SAVING LIVES
FIRST AID
First Aid is the initial assistance
given to a casualty from the
moment of the accident until
availability of specialized medical
care by a doctor.
THE HUMAN BODYROCKET SCIENCE IS EASY
IF YOU DARE THINK ABOUT HUMAN BODYIt is a complex real life playground.A thousand structures with varied functions. A billion biomolecules and a million reactions.Still counting on doctors for the unexplored.Entropy does not increase - Open system.Laws of physics are applied as well as defied.
RobotHuman
HUMAN VS ROBOTSee, Hear, Smell, TasteWalk, Eat, Drink, Speak, Breathe, CryFeel touch, temperature, pain, vibrationFeel good or bad if you talk about it in third personEmote (Show fear, anger, sadness, happiness, love)Study to become wise, Give a lectureMake friendsHave recollections of its past or plan its future Apply logic and reason situations to decideThinkMemorizeReproduceGrow
Can a Robot?
HUMAN VS ROBOT
ORGAN SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
PROLOGUEFirst Aid : Definition, types and duties
Disasters and Triage
Vital signs of life : Pulse, Temp, BP, Resp
Life Support : Artificial Respiration & CPR
Casualty Evacuation
FIRST AIDAIM
1. Preserve life
2. Prevent worsening of condition
3. Promote recovery
CARDINAL RULES
4. Ladies to be examined in attendance
5. Never label a person “Malingerer”
3. Benefit of doubt goes to the patient
TYPES OF FIRST AID1. Basic First Aid
2. Wilderness/ Outdoor First Aid
3. Mountain/ High Altitude First Aid
4. Military/ Battlefield First Aid
5. Aquatic/ Marine First Aid
6. Hyperbaric/ Diving First Aid
DUTIES OF FIRST AIDER 1. Assess condition quickly 2. Check your safety3. Call for help4. Protect others from danger 5. Prioritise – Do triage6. Give prompt first aid7. Arrange casualty evacuation8. Remain with the patient till attended by
doctor and help him afterwards
DISASTER
MAN-MADE1. Fires2. Firearms3. Air, Water4. Rail, Road5. Industrial6. Explosions7. Building collapse8. Atomic bombs9. Terrorist Attacks
NATURAL1. Earthquakes/landslides2. Avalanche3. Volcanoes4. Tornado/Hurricanes5. Floods6. Fires7. Tsunami8. Meteors
A disaster is present when need exceeds resources!MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT
TRIAGE Triage is the dynamic process of
prioritizing casualties for treatment
and evacuation of the wounded
within the limitations of the situation
and resources
TRIAGEPRIORITIES
1. You - Get out of danger
2. Life – Check ABC, stop bleeding
3. Disability - Limb/Eye sight
APPROACH
1. People walking to you – Least priority (Priority 3)
2. People who can move but can’t walk – Priority 2
3. No action – Cry for help (Priority 1)
VITAL SIGNS OF LIFE1. Breathing 12-20
breaths/min
2. Pulse 60-100 beats/min
3. Bld pressure 100/60 - < 140/90 mm Hg
4. Temperature 370C 98.6 F
5. Capillary return 2-3 seconds
6. Cyanosis
BREATHING
Don’t tell the patient
Observe chest movements
abdominal movements
Put your ears to nose
Normally 12-20/min
Can increase in mountains
PULSE
CAROTID PULSE
PULSE
BLOOD PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE1. Below tongue
2. Axilla in kids
370C 98.6 F
Pulse increases with
increasing temperature
CAPILLARY RETURN
Assess blood supply in limbs
Check at fingers and toes of both sides
Normal capillary return 2-3 secs
CYANOSISBluish discoloration of body
Reduced oxygen in blood
First seen in nail beds, ear lobes, lips
If tongue goes blue – life threatening
Never smoke at higher altitudes
LIFE SUPPORT
A – AIRWAY & NECK FRACTURE
B – BREATHING & CYANOSIS
C – CIRCULATION & BLEEDING CONTROL
D – DYSFUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
E – EXPOSURE & EVACUATION
LIFE SUPPORTA – Talk with patient --- Head tilt and chin lift
B – Check rate of breathing and cyanosis
C – Check pulse, BP and capillary return
Bleeding – Pressure, elevate, bandage
D – Eye/Speech/Body Movements A- Alert V- Response to Voice P- Response to Pain
U- Unresponsive
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATIONRequired when patient is not breathing
Exhale air in a patients chest
Mouth to Mouth
Mouth to Nose
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Revive the cardio-respiratory system
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Chest Thump
Give 15 chest compressions
Give 2 mouth to mouth breaths
15:2 ratio to be followed
Continue for 15/45 mins
CASUALTY EVACUATIONPRINCIPLES OF EVACUATION
1. Evacuate only if fit for evacuation
2. Foresee peak evacuation period and be prepared
3. Priority for more seriously ill
4. Due care during evacuation
CAS EVAC
Evacuation done by non medical people
MED EVAC
Specialised evacuation by trained medical personnel
SINGLE PERSON HELP
SUPPORT CARRY SADDLEBACK CARRY ARMS CARRY
FIREMAN’S LIFT PACKSTRAP CARRY
SINGLE PERSON HELP
TWO MAN SUPPORT CARRY
TWO MAN ARMS CARRY
TWO PERSON HELP
FOUR HAND SEAT CARRY
FORE & AFT LIFT CARRY
TWO PERSON HELP
IMPROVISED STRETCHERS
GUNNY BAG BLANKET BELTS
SHIRTS
GROUND SHEET
ROPE
IMPROVISED STRETCHERS
AIR AMBULANCE
Questions
Thank you