Post on 26-Jan-2016
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Info for the final35 MC = 1 mark each
35 marks total= 40% of exam mark
15 FB = 2 marks each30 marks total= 33% of exam mark
8 SA = 3 marks each24 marks total= 27% of exam mark
Final info10 MC, 3-4 FB, 3 SA on first half of course25 MC, 11-12 FB, 5 SA on second half
You get 2 hours (plus maybe ½ hour) to complete exam
You can bring a calculator, but all equations are quite simple so you won’t need it
In comparison to midtermI think the MC are a bit easierSA are probably a bit more difficult
More “why” questions…
Chapters 1 & 2More focus on ‘big topics’ like classical and
operant conditioning, so you don’t need to focus on these chapters too much
You should know the basics…Simple learning: habituation and sensitizationInnate behaviours: reflexes, FAPs, GBTsHow to evaluate research
Chapter 3 & 4Chapter 3 = Classical conditioningChapter 4 = applications of CC
Focus more on Chapter 3 – if you know that stuff, you should be able to figure out applications…
What is learned during classical conditioning?Types of conditioningFactors: contiguity, contingency, stimulus
factors, prior experienceTheories: Stimulus Substitution, Preparatory
Response
Chapters 5 & 6Operant Reinforcement & PunishmentHow does learning occur? (contingencies,
shaping, chaining)Factors: Contingency, Contiguity,
reinforcer/punisher characteristicsIntroductory levels of reinforcer/punisher?
Theories: Hull’s Drive Reduction, Relative Value (Premack), Response Deprivation,
Learned Helplessness (how it fits in with escape & avoidance)
Chapter 7Applications of operant learningTechniques for self-controlInsightSuperstitionVerbal behaviour
Know how operant learning can create these behaviours
Chapter 8Vicarious learningWhat isn’t vicarious learning? How to tell
these apart from actual vicarious learning?Theories: Bandura’s theory, Millard-Dollard
theoryApplications:
AggressionTherapy & Modelling
Chapter 9Generalization & DiscriminationHow to read gradients?Types of discrimination trainingOpponent Process Theory & Peak ShiftLashley-Wade theory & experienceAbsolute vs Relative concepts
Chapter 10SchedulesFR, VR – based on number of responses
Chapter 10SchedulesFI, VI – based on amount of time, but STILL
CONTINGENT ON BEHAVIOUR
Chapter 10SchedulesFT, VT – reinforcer delivered after time
period, NOT CONTINGENT ON BEHAVIOUR!
Chapter 10SchedulesFD, VD – behaviour performed for whole
amount of timeMore appropriate for continuous behaviours,
like wheel running, practicing pianoKnow how major schedules (FR, VR, FI, VI)
compareResponse rates & extinction
Chapter 10Continuous Reinforcement vs Intermittent
schedulesPartial Reinforcement Effect
Hypotheses: discrimination, frustration, sequential, response unit
Matching Law
B = behaviour this is what is measuredR = response rateA = amountQ = quality
Examples of matching law questions:An experimenter sets up a choice experiment
with VI5 and VI10 minute schedules. What is the reinforcement rate per hour on each key?VI5 60/5 = 12 reinf/hourVI10 60/10 = 6 reinf/hour
The pigeon pecks at key1 (VI5) 450 times in 1 hour. If the matching law is in effect, how many times will the pigeon peck at key2?12/(12+6) = 450/(450 + x) solve for xx = 225
Chapter 11ForgettingWays to testEffect of context, cue-dependent forgettingProactive & retroactive interferenceState-dependent learning
Chapter 12Continuum of preparedness
Autoshaping, biological preparedness, instinctual drift
Critical periods