Info for the final35 MC = 1 mark each

35 marks total= 40% of exam mark

15 FB = 2 marks each30 marks total= 33% of exam mark

8 SA = 3 marks each24 marks total= 27% of exam mark

Final info10 MC, 3-4 FB, 3 SA on first half of course25 MC, 11-12 FB, 5 SA on second half

You get 2 hours (plus maybe ½ hour) to complete exam

You can bring a calculator, but all equations are quite simple so you won’t need it

In comparison to midtermI think the MC are a bit easierSA are probably a bit more difficult

More “why” questions…

Chapters 1 & 2More focus on ‘big topics’ like classical and

operant conditioning, so you don’t need to focus on these chapters too much

You should know the basics…Simple learning: habituation and sensitizationInnate behaviours: reflexes, FAPs, GBTsHow to evaluate research

Chapter 3 & 4Chapter 3 = Classical conditioningChapter 4 = applications of CC

Focus more on Chapter 3 – if you know that stuff, you should be able to figure out applications…

What is learned during classical conditioning?Types of conditioningFactors: contiguity, contingency, stimulus

factors, prior experienceTheories: Stimulus Substitution, Preparatory

Response

Chapters 5 & 6Operant Reinforcement & PunishmentHow does learning occur? (contingencies,

shaping, chaining)Factors: Contingency, Contiguity,

reinforcer/punisher characteristicsIntroductory levels of reinforcer/punisher?

Theories: Hull’s Drive Reduction, Relative Value (Premack), Response Deprivation,

Learned Helplessness (how it fits in with escape & avoidance)

Chapter 7Applications of operant learningTechniques for self-controlInsightSuperstitionVerbal behaviour

Know how operant learning can create these behaviours

Chapter 8Vicarious learningWhat isn’t vicarious learning? How to tell

these apart from actual vicarious learning?Theories: Bandura’s theory, Millard-Dollard

theoryApplications:

AggressionTherapy & Modelling

Chapter 9Generalization & DiscriminationHow to read gradients?Types of discrimination trainingOpponent Process Theory & Peak ShiftLashley-Wade theory & experienceAbsolute vs Relative concepts

Chapter 10SchedulesFR, VR – based on number of responses

Chapter 10SchedulesFI, VI – based on amount of time, but STILL

CONTINGENT ON BEHAVIOUR

Chapter 10SchedulesFT, VT – reinforcer delivered after time

period, NOT CONTINGENT ON BEHAVIOUR!

Chapter 10SchedulesFD, VD – behaviour performed for whole

amount of timeMore appropriate for continuous behaviours,

like wheel running, practicing pianoKnow how major schedules (FR, VR, FI, VI)

compareResponse rates & extinction

Chapter 10Continuous Reinforcement vs Intermittent

schedulesPartial Reinforcement Effect

Hypotheses: discrimination, frustration, sequential, response unit

Matching Law

B = behaviour this is what is measuredR = response rateA = amountQ = quality

Examples of matching law questions:An experimenter sets up a choice experiment

with VI5 and VI10 minute schedules. What is the reinforcement rate per hour on each key?VI5 60/5 = 12 reinf/hourVI10 60/10 = 6 reinf/hour

The pigeon pecks at key1 (VI5) 450 times in 1 hour. If the matching law is in effect, how many times will the pigeon peck at key2?12/(12+6) = 450/(450 + x) solve for xx = 225

Chapter 11ForgettingWays to testEffect of context, cue-dependent forgettingProactive & retroactive interferenceState-dependent learning

Chapter 12Continuum of preparedness

Autoshaping, biological preparedness, instinctual drift

Critical periods