FDR & A New Deal

New Deal Brain Trust

Group of lawyers, journalists, and professors Served as advisors in crafting New Deal policies

New Deal’s Goals1.Relief for needy2.Economic Recovery3.Financial Reform

First 100 DaysMarch 9 – June 16, 1933

Congress passed 15 pieces of legislation

Closed all banks & passed Emergency Banking Relief Act Treasury department would inspect all banks Only sound banks would re-open

Continued help for Banks

Glass – Steagall Act – 1933 Established the Federal Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Provides insurance for individual bank accounts up to $5000

Federal Securities Act Corporations needed to provide complete information on stock

offerings Made companies liable for any mis-information Created Securities & Exchange Committee

Significance: Reassures people’s faith in banks & stock market

Housing & Home Home Owners Loan Corporations (HOLC)

Provided government loans to individuals who faced foreclosure

Federal Housing Administration Continues to furnish loans for mortgages

Significance: Helps stop the foreclosure cycle

Fireside chats Radio chats regarding public concern

Wanted to explain to the public his New Deal plans

Result: People began to reinvest money & aided economy

New Deal ProgramsProgram Group Significance

Agricultural Adjustment Act Farmers

Pay farmers not to grow --> Hope to increase prices

Ruled Unconstitutional

Civilian Conservation Corps Young MenGreat Plains

Built roads, developed parks, planted trees

Aimed at preventing another Dust Bowl

Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee River Valley Constructed Dams, created jobs, established hydro-power

National Industrial Recovery Act

MenAll States

Created jobs for construction of schools & community buildings

Ruled Unconstitutional

2nd New Deal

FDR & Supreme CourtO Supreme Court began to rule certain programs

unconstitutional (AAA & NIRA)O WHY? Court felt Executive Branch was getting

too powerfulO FDR proposes “court-packing bill”--> REJECTED

O Ironic Result: FDR was able to appoint 7 new justices due to resignations

New Deal Under Attack Policy of Deficit Spending

Spending more money than government receives in revenue

Attacked by Liberals (Democrats) Argued New Deal failed to help poor & economy enough

Attacked by Conservatives (Republicans) Too much government control & direct relief Fr. Charles Coughlin & Dr. Francis Townsend Huey Long & “Share-Our-Wealth”

2nd New deal’s GoalsO Wanted to continue success of 1st

100 daysO Aimed to help the individual

O Farmers, Laborers, FamiliesO 2nd AAA created

Eleanor RooseveltO Urged FDR to help individual

familiesO Strong ties to humanitarian effortsO Tremendous influence on FDR

Do what you feel in your heart to be right- for you'll be criticized anyway. You'll be damned if you do, and damned if you don't. - Eleanor Roosevelt

2nd New Deal Programs Program Group Significance

Works Progress Administration American PublicUnskilled laborers

Create as many jobs as possible

Provide Paychecks & Dignity

National Youth Administration Young peopleProvide Education, counseling,

jobs & recreationStudents worked part time jobs

Wagner Act Rights of Workers

Re-established NIRA provision of collective bargaining

Set up National Labor Review Board to protect workers

Social Security Act Retirees over 65

•Provided insurance, ½ from employer, ½ from worker.Provided

Unemployment compensation by federal tax

New Deal & Society

New Deal Effects on Variety of Groups

• Women• FDR named several women to government

positions• Francis Perkins 1st woman named to Cabinet

(Labor)• African - Americans

• A. Phillip Randolph organized 1st black trade union• Mary McLeod Bethune work closely with NYA and

organized a “Black Cabinet”• Marian Andersen performs at Lincoln Memorial

• Who do you think is playing a large role aiding these changes?

New Deal Effects on Variety of Groups

• Mexican - Americans• Mostly were agricultural workers who looked

to New Deal for support

• Native Americans• John Collier & Indian Reorganization Act

• Big shift in political philosophy• Changed from assimilation to autonomy• Focused on 3 areas: Political, Economic,

Cultural

New Deal Coalition• Consisted of southern whites, urban groups, African-

Americans, and industrial workers

• Aimed policies to help these groups

• Group’s support helped FDR & Democrats dominate politics through the 1940s

1930s SocietyO Radio & Movies helped people

escape O Gone with the WindO War of the Worlds (Orson Welles)

• Represents the artwork of the time

Federal Art Project paid artists to

reproduceO American Gothic

O - Grant Wood 1930.

Impact of New Deal

Lasting Impact of the New Deal

1.Expanding Government Role in Economy

2.Protecting Workers’ Rights3.Long Lasting Social Implications4.Benefits to Environment

Expanding Government Role in EconomyO FDIC & SEC regulate

banking & stock market

O Creating federal jobs

O Attempting to regulate supply & demand (AAA)

O Policy of deficit spending

Protecting Workers’ Rights• National Labor Relations

Board• Still mediates disputes

between management & workers today

• Collective bargaining

• Set new standards for wages & hours

• Banned child labor• Women could organize

Social Implications• Social Security Act

• New Deal CoalitionO Diverse group of

minorities who through FDR’s New Deal began to support Democrat party for 1st time

Benefits to EnvironmentO CCC & TVA

O AAA