Post on 20-Jan-2016
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 1
Future Mobility in Europe
Challenges
EU transport policy
Alternative fuels
Franz Söldner
European CommissionDirectorate General for Mobility and Transport
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 2
Growing challenges
Growing congestion and poorer accessibility. An infrastructure gap in the enlarged EU
Increasing oil price and persistent oil dependency. Deterioration of climate and local environment
Increasing competitive pressure in the global economy
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 3
Rising Oil Price and Oil Dependency
Transport depends on oil for about 96% of its energy needs.
The transport sector accounts for almost 90% of the projected increase in global oil use.
. 750 million cars today, 2.2 billion in 2050
. The depletion of reserves and growing global demand would lead to ever higher oil prices.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
$/bb
l
Oil price in $ '2008/bbl Oil price in $/bbl (current prices)
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010
Source: Prometheus, NTUA (E3MLab)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 4
Oil Consumption
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1990 1995 2000 2005
ijRoad
Total consumption
Imports
Transport
Air
MtEU-27
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 5
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
****** Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)* by Sector: EU-27
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1990=1
Energy Industries Industry **** Transport **Residential Commercial / Institutional Other ******Total
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)* by Sector: EU-27 (Shares of Total Emissions: )
Other ***5,0%
Agriculture, Forestry,
Fisheries *****10,6%
Industry ****21,3%
Residential8,5%
Commercial / Institutional
3,3%
Transport **19,5%
Energy Industries
31,9%
Transport
EU-27
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 6
Air Pollution in Europe (NO2)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 7
Policy Drivers on Sustainable Mobility
• High demand on finite energy sources(Range of conventional oil: ~ 45 years)
• Increasing energy import dependence(Import dependence for oil: 84% at present)
• Increasing greenhouse gas emissions(Increase of transport CO2 emissions: 25% since 1990)
• Persistent air quality problems(Cities: particulates, NOx - Ships and boats: sulphur)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 8
Policy Objectives on Sustainable Mobility
Improve energy efficiency contribute to reduction of energy demand
Substitute oil by alternative fuels contribute to security of energy supply
Reduce CO2 emissions
contribute to climate protection
Reduce pollutant emissions contribute to reduction of health impact
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 9
EU Transport White Paper 2011
Vision for the transport system by 2050
1 target: -60% greenhouse gas emissions
10 indicative goals to guide policy action
40 actions in 4 areas:o Internal Market
o Innovation
o Infrastructure
o International
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 10
A CO2 Target for Transport
Transport accounts for 25% of EU greenhouse gas emissions:
60% passenger transport
23% urban21% inter-continental
. Goal: limit climate change to 2°
. EU objective: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Mt o
f CO
Transport Energy industries Industry Residential Tertiary
Source: PRIMES-TREMOVE and TREMOVE
Source: PRIMES, NTUA (E3MLab)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 11
Measures in Support of Clean Vehicles
Supply side measures Regulation of pollutant emissions
Reduction of pollutant emissions through EURO standards
Regulation of CO2 emissionsCars: 130g/km by 2015; 95g/km by 2020Light Duty Vehicles: 175 g/km by 2017
Renewable Energy Directive10% share of motor fuels from renewable energy sources by 2020
Fuel Quality Directive Reduction of CO2 intensity of fuels by 6 % by 2020
Demand side measures Greening Transport
Internalisation of external costs into vehicle operation (Eurovignette) Directive on the promotion of clean and energy efficient vehicles
Inclusion of energy consumption, CO2, and pollutant emissions in the purchase decision
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 12
Clean Vehicle Directive
Monetisation of Lifetime Costs
0 €
100.000 €
200.000 €
300.000 €
400.000 €
500.000 €
600.000 €
Bus
Vehicle Price
Pollutants
CO2
Fuel
0 €
5.000 €
10.000 €
15.000 €
20.000 €
25.000 €
30.000 €
Car
Pollutants
CO2
Fuel
Vehicle Price
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 13
EU-Activities on Alternative Fuels
Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001)Biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen
Directive on the market share of biofuels (5/2003)Market share 2% in 2005, rising to 5.75% in 2010
Directive on the taxation of energy products (10/2003)Lower taxation of alternative fuels enabled
Renewable Energy Directive (April 2009)
Binding target: 10% renewable transport fuels by 2020 Technology Platforms, Joint Technology Initiatives
Hydrogen/fuel cells (TP: 2004; JTI: 2008), Transport (2004), Biofuels (2005) Green Cars Initiative of European Economic Recovery Plan (2008)
Focus on electromobility (EU demonstration project Green eMotion: 2011)
Communication on clean and energy efficient vehicle strategy (4/2010)Focus on improvement of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 14
8 32 58145
314
470
050
100150200250300350400450500
FP2(1986-1990)
FP3(1990-1994)
FP4(1994-1998)
FP5(1998-2002)
FP6(2002-2006)
FP7(2007-2013)
EU-Supportto Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
(M€)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 15
Alternative Fuels Strategy
Comprehensive long-term fuel strategyAll transport modes, all segments to be covered
White Paper on Transport - Initiative 24 - Technology roadmap:
Sustainable alternative fuels strategy
including also the appropriate infrastructure
White Paper on Transport - Initiative 26 - Regulatory framework:
Appropriate standards for CO2 emissions of vehicles in all modes
Requirements on energy efficiency for all types of propulsion systems
Rules on interoperability of charging infrastructure for clean vehicles
Guidelines and standards for refuelling infrastructures
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 16
Steps to an EU Alternative Fuels Strategy
European Expert Group on Future Transport FuelsStakeholder expertsFuture Transport Fuels Report: 25 January 2011Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Report: December 2011
Joint Expert Group Transport & EnvironmentNational expertsEuropean Alternative Fuel Strategy Report: May 2011
Conference on Future Transport Fuels13 April 2011 (European Sustainable Energy Week)
StudiesClean Transport Systems study: final report November 2011Implementation study: launch 10/2011
Public Consultation11 August – 20 October 2011
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 17
Future Transport Fuels Expert Group- Reports -
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/vehicles/road/clean_transport_systems_en.htm
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 18
Energy Pathways
UsePrimary Energy Energy Carrier Use
Renewable
Biomass
Geothermal
Solar
Water
Wind
Fuels Thermal Engine
Electric Motor
Fuel Cell
Battery
Fossil
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel/Gasoline/Cerosine
Gas
Coal
Power Plants
SyntheticFuels
Hydrogen
Vehicle ICE
Jet
Electric Power
Heating
ShipICE
Electric Power
Plastic / ChemistryProduction
Tra
nsport
non
Tra
nsp
ort
UsePrimary Energy Energy Carrier Use
Renewable
Biomass
Geothermal
Solar
Water
Wind
Fuels Thermal Engine
Electric Motor
Fuel Cell
Battery
Fossil
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Uranium
Diesel/Gasoline/Cerosine
Gas
Coal
Power Plants
SyntheticFuels
Hydrogen
Vehicle ICE
Jet
Electric Power
Heating
ShipICE
Electric Power
Plastic / ChemistryProduction
Tra
nsport
non
Tra
nsp
ort
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 19
Land Efficiency of Biofuels
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 20
Land Efficiency of Biofuels
1 ha:
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 21
Fuel Choice
Range
Road - passenger Road - freight Rail Water Air
short medium long short medium long inland short-sea maritime
Electric BEV
HFC
Grid
Biofuels (liquid)
Synfuels
Methane CNG
CBG
LNG
LPG
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 22
Alternative Transport Fuel Options
Main fuel options: Electricity / hydrogen electromobility Biofuels (liquid)
Bridge from fossil to biomass based fuels: Synthetic fuels (from coal, methane, biomass)
Complementary: Methane (natural gas and biomethane)
Supplement: LPG (now: from oil, natural gas; future: from biomass)
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 23
Cost of Fuels
Speculative bubble 2007/8: Cost for EU transport: 90 b€
North-Africa unrest 2010/11: Cost for EU transport: 40 b€
Alternative fuels
Infrastructure costsfor full EU coverage
Electricity20 million charging posts
40 b€
Hydrogen100.000 filling stations
50 b€
Methane100.000 filling stations
40 b€
$/bl Oil price
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 24
Summary
EU Transport Policy: White Paper 2011 Vision of a sustainable European transport system 2050
Sectoral target of 60% CO2 reduction by 2050
Ten goals for competitive and resource efficient transport 40 initiatives with concrete actions in 4 areas
Alternative Fuels Strategy Comprehensive strategy for oil substitution in all transport Package of fuels to cover all transport modes and segments
o Electromobility (battery electric; grid; hydrogen)o Biofuelso Methaneo LPG
European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Slide 25
Clean Transport and Sustainable Urban Mobility:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/index_en.htm
e-mail:
franz-xaver.soeldner@ec.europa.eu
Contact