European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Slide 1 Future Mobility in...

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport

Slide 1

Future Mobility in Europe

Challenges

EU transport policy

Alternative fuels

Franz Söldner

European CommissionDirectorate General for Mobility and Transport


Slide 2

Growing challenges

Growing congestion and poorer accessibility. An infrastructure gap in the enlarged EU

Increasing oil price and persistent oil dependency. Deterioration of climate and local environment

Increasing competitive pressure in the global economy


Slide 3

Rising Oil Price and Oil Dependency

Transport depends on oil for about 96% of its energy needs.

The transport sector accounts for almost 90% of the projected increase in global oil use.

. 750 million cars today, 2.2 billion in 2050

. The depletion of reserves and growing global demand would lead to ever higher oil prices.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

$/bb

l

Oil price in $ '2008/bbl Oil price in $/bbl (current prices)

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010

Source: Prometheus, NTUA (E3MLab)


Slide 4

Oil Consumption

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1990 1995 2000 2005

ijRoad

Total consumption

Imports

Transport

Air

MtEU-27


Slide 5

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

****** Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)* by Sector: EU-27

0,70

0,80

0,90

1,00

1,10

1,20

1,30

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

1990=1

Energy Industries Industry **** Transport **Residential Commercial / Institutional Other ******Total

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)* by Sector: EU-27 (Shares of Total Emissions: )

Other ***5,0%

Agriculture, Forestry,

Fisheries *****10,6%

Industry ****21,3%

Residential8,5%

Commercial / Institutional

3,3%

Transport **19,5%

Energy Industries

31,9%

Transport

EU-27


Slide 6

Air Pollution in Europe (NO2)


Slide 7

Policy Drivers on Sustainable Mobility

• High demand on finite energy sources(Range of conventional oil: ~ 45 years)

• Increasing energy import dependence(Import dependence for oil: 84% at present)

• Increasing greenhouse gas emissions(Increase of transport CO2 emissions: 25% since 1990)

• Persistent air quality problems(Cities: particulates, NOx - Ships and boats: sulphur)


Slide 8

Policy Objectives on Sustainable Mobility

Improve energy efficiency contribute to reduction of energy demand

Substitute oil by alternative fuels contribute to security of energy supply

Reduce CO2 emissions

contribute to climate protection

Reduce pollutant emissions contribute to reduction of health impact


Slide 9

EU Transport White Paper 2011

Vision for the transport system by 2050

1 target: -60% greenhouse gas emissions

10 indicative goals to guide policy action

40 actions in 4 areas:o Internal Market

o Innovation

o Infrastructure

o International


Slide 10

A CO2 Target for Transport

Transport accounts for 25% of EU greenhouse gas emissions:

60% passenger transport

23% urban21% inter-continental

. Goal: limit climate change to 2°

. EU objective: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Mt o

f CO

Transport Energy industries Industry Residential Tertiary

Source: PRIMES-TREMOVE and TREMOVE

Source: PRIMES, NTUA (E3MLab)


Slide 11

Measures in Support of Clean Vehicles

Supply side measures Regulation of pollutant emissions

Reduction of pollutant emissions through EURO standards

Regulation of CO2 emissionsCars: 130g/km by 2015; 95g/km by 2020Light Duty Vehicles: 175 g/km by 2017

Renewable Energy Directive10% share of motor fuels from renewable energy sources by 2020

Fuel Quality Directive Reduction of CO2 intensity of fuels by 6 % by 2020

Demand side measures Greening Transport

Internalisation of external costs into vehicle operation (Eurovignette) Directive on the promotion of clean and energy efficient vehicles

Inclusion of energy consumption, CO2, and pollutant emissions in the purchase decision


Slide 12

Clean Vehicle Directive

Monetisation of Lifetime Costs

0 €

100.000 €

200.000 €

300.000 €

400.000 €

500.000 €

600.000 €

Bus

Vehicle Price

Pollutants

CO2

Fuel

0 €

5.000 €

10.000 €

15.000 €

20.000 €

25.000 €

30.000 €

Car

Pollutants

CO2

Fuel

Vehicle Price


Slide 13

EU-Activities on Alternative Fuels

Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001)Biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen

Directive on the market share of biofuels (5/2003)Market share 2% in 2005, rising to 5.75% in 2010

Directive on the taxation of energy products (10/2003)Lower taxation of alternative fuels enabled

Renewable Energy Directive (April 2009)

Binding target: 10% renewable transport fuels by 2020 Technology Platforms, Joint Technology Initiatives

Hydrogen/fuel cells (TP: 2004; JTI: 2008), Transport (2004), Biofuels (2005) Green Cars Initiative of European Economic Recovery Plan (2008)

Focus on electromobility (EU demonstration project Green eMotion: 2011)

Communication on clean and energy efficient vehicle strategy (4/2010)Focus on improvement of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles


Slide 14

8 32 58145

314

470

050

100150200250300350400450500

FP2(1986-1990)

FP3(1990-1994)

FP4(1994-1998)

FP5(1998-2002)

FP6(2002-2006)

FP7(2007-2013)

EU-Supportto Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

(M€)


Slide 15

Alternative Fuels Strategy

Comprehensive long-term fuel strategyAll transport modes, all segments to be covered

White Paper on Transport - Initiative 24 - Technology roadmap:

Sustainable alternative fuels strategy

including also the appropriate infrastructure

White Paper on Transport - Initiative 26 - Regulatory framework:

Appropriate standards for CO2 emissions of vehicles in all modes

Requirements on energy efficiency for all types of propulsion systems

Rules on interoperability of charging infrastructure for clean vehicles

Guidelines and standards for refuelling infrastructures


Slide 16

Steps to an EU Alternative Fuels Strategy

European Expert Group on Future Transport FuelsStakeholder expertsFuture Transport Fuels Report: 25 January 2011Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Report: December 2011

Joint Expert Group Transport & EnvironmentNational expertsEuropean Alternative Fuel Strategy Report: May 2011

Conference on Future Transport Fuels13 April 2011 (European Sustainable Energy Week)

StudiesClean Transport Systems study: final report November 2011Implementation study: launch 10/2011

Public Consultation11 August – 20 October 2011


Slide 17

Future Transport Fuels Expert Group- Reports -

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/vehicles/road/clean_transport_systems_en.htm


Slide 18

Energy Pathways

UsePrimary Energy Energy Carrier Use

Renewable

Biomass

Geothermal

Solar

Water

Wind

Fuels Thermal Engine

Electric Motor

Fuel Cell

Battery

Fossil

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Uranium

Diesel/Gasoline/Cerosine

Gas

Coal

Power Plants

SyntheticFuels

Hydrogen

Vehicle ICE

Jet

Electric Power

Heating

ShipICE

Electric Power

Plastic / ChemistryProduction

Tra

nsport

non

Tra

nsp

ort

UsePrimary Energy Energy Carrier Use

Renewable

Biomass

Geothermal

Solar

Water

Wind

Fuels Thermal Engine

Electric Motor

Fuel Cell

Battery

Fossil

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Uranium

Diesel/Gasoline/Cerosine

Gas

Coal

Power Plants

SyntheticFuels

Hydrogen

Vehicle ICE

Jet

Electric Power

Heating

ShipICE

Electric Power

Plastic / ChemistryProduction

Tra

nsport

non

Tra

nsp

ort


Slide 19

Land Efficiency of Biofuels


Slide 20

Land Efficiency of Biofuels

1 ha:


Slide 21

Fuel Choice

Range

Road - passenger Road - freight Rail Water Air

short medium long short medium long inland short-sea maritime

Electric BEV

HFC

Grid

Biofuels (liquid)

Synfuels

Methane CNG

CBG

LNG

LPG


Slide 22

Alternative Transport Fuel Options

Main fuel options: Electricity / hydrogen electromobility Biofuels (liquid)

Bridge from fossil to biomass based fuels: Synthetic fuels (from coal, methane, biomass)

Complementary: Methane (natural gas and biomethane)

Supplement: LPG (now: from oil, natural gas; future: from biomass)


Slide 23

Cost of Fuels

Speculative bubble 2007/8: Cost for EU transport: 90 b€

North-Africa unrest 2010/11: Cost for EU transport: 40 b€

Alternative fuels

Infrastructure costsfor full EU coverage

Electricity20 million charging posts

40 b€

Hydrogen100.000 filling stations

50 b€

Methane100.000 filling stations

40 b€

$/bl Oil price


Slide 24

Summary

EU Transport Policy: White Paper 2011 Vision of a sustainable European transport system 2050

Sectoral target of 60% CO2 reduction by 2050

Ten goals for competitive and resource efficient transport 40 initiatives with concrete actions in 4 areas

Alternative Fuels Strategy Comprehensive strategy for oil substitution in all transport Package of fuels to cover all transport modes and segments

o Electromobility (battery electric; grid; hydrogen)o Biofuelso Methaneo LPG


Slide 25

Clean Transport and Sustainable Urban Mobility:

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/index_en.htm

e-mail:

[email protected]

Contact

European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Slide 1 Future Mobility in...

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