Essential QuestionEssential Question

Why did the Spanish and Why did the Spanish and French build colonies in the French build colonies in the

Americas? Americas?

The Migration to America

Land Bridge to America

Look at the map on pages 18 and 19 of our text and answer the following questions.

What geographical event made the sea level drop to reveal the land bridge between Asia and America?

What other ways might settlers have made their way to America?

Bering Strait

Separates Alaska from Siberia

Dry land during the last Ice Age

This land bridge is known as Beringia

Beringia

People crossed by foot or by boat from the continent of Asia

Nomads moved continually from place to place

Early American

s

Mesoamerica

Mexico, Central America

Agricultural Revolution – maize (corn), squash, peppers, beans

First permanent villages

Mesoamerica

Europeans in North America

Name the three European groups which had the greatest impact on settling North America:

1. 2. 3.

The Spanish and French Build The Spanish and French Build EmpiresEmpires

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes

led an expedition led an expedition to the Yucatan to the Yucatan PeninsulaPeninsula

Purpose = find Purpose = find Indians to work Indians to work Cuban farms and Cuban farms and minesmines

550 men, 11 550 men, 11 shipsships

Cortes in MexicoCortes in Mexico

1519 – Cortes 1519 – Cortes landed in the landed in the Yucatan PeninsulaYucatan Peninsula

Montezuma led the Montezuma led the Aztec EmpireAztec Empire

Quote, Aztec writerQuote, Aztec writer

““While the Spaniards were in Tlaxcala, While the Spaniards were in Tlaxcala, a great plague broke out here in a great plague broke out here in Tenochtitlan . . . Sores erupted on Tenochtitlan . . . Sores erupted on our faces and our bellies; we were our faces and our bellies; we were covered with agonizing sores from covered with agonizing sores from head to foot. The illness was so head to foot. The illness was so dreadful that no one could walk or dreadful that no one could walk or move . . . If they did move their move . . . If they did move their bodies, they screamed with pain.”bodies, they screamed with pain.”

Spanish VictorySpanish Victory

Cortes ordered a Cortes ordered a new city – Mexico new city – Mexico CityCity

Capital of the Capital of the Spanish colony of Spanish colony of New SpainNew Spain

Northern Spanish ExplorationNorthern Spanish Exploration1513-16101513-1610

Spanish Missions of GeorgiaSpanish Missions of Georgia

Southwest SettlementsSouthwest Settlements

Failure to find Failure to find gold, wealthgold, wealth

1598 – settlers 1598 – settlers migrated north of migrated north of the Rio Grande the Rio Grande into New Mexicointo New Mexico

Capital city – Capital city – Santa Fe (1609-Santa Fe (1609-1610)1610)

Mining and RanchingMining and Ranching

Spanish Spanish discovered silverdiscovered silver

Cattle ranches Cattle ranches (haciendas)(haciendas)

Native Americans in New Native Americans in New SpainSpain

Native Native Americans paid Americans paid taxestaxes

Also worked as Also worked as slaves in mines slaves in mines

Most diedMost died

Jacques Jacques CartierCartier

First trip in 1534 First trip in 1534 for the French for the French EmpireEmpire

Mapped the St. Mapped the St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River

St. Lawrence RiverSt. Lawrence River

New FranceNew France French fished French fished

off the North off the North American American coastlinecoastline

Fur became Fur became fashionable in fashionable in EuropeEurope

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

1608 – founded 1608 – founded the city of the city of QuebecQuebec

Capital of New Capital of New FranceFrance

Life in New FranceLife in New France

Colony grew Colony grew slowlyslowly

Coureurs de bois – Coureurs de bois – fur traders lived fur traders lived among the Native among the Native AmericansAmericans

Jesuit missionariesJesuit missionaries

French ExplorersFrench Explorers

Joliet and Joliet and Marquette Marquette explored the explored the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

La Salle followed La Salle followed the Mississippi the Mississippi River all the way River all the way to the Gulf of to the Gulf of MexicoMexico

Settling LouisianaSettling Louisiana Desire to ship furs Desire to ship furs

down the Mississippi down the Mississippi to the Gulfto the Gulf

Settlements such as Settlements such as New OrleansNew Orleans

Labor intensive Labor intensive crops (sugar, rice, crops (sugar, rice, indigo) required indigo) required slave laborslave labor

French and Spanish French and Spanish SettlementsSettlements

France vs. SpainFrance vs. Spain

Spanish founded Spanish founded St. Augustine in St. Augustine in Florida in 1565 to Florida in 1565 to protect their protect their territoryterritory

1690 – 1690 – established first established first Spanish town in Spanish town in eastern Texaseastern Texas